Also known as: Tetrodotoxin, TTX
Last updated: April 23, 2026
In The Serpent and the Rainbow, tetrodotoxin is the headline candidate for the first phase of zombification: a poison capable of producing a deathlike state severe enough to lead to mistaken burial. Davis paired that argument with a wider social account involving burial, extraction, beating, disorientation, and subsequent labor.
Clairvius Narcisse
Davis's investigation of tetrodotoxin as a zombi agent was explicitly framed as a response to the mystery Hurston first encountered — her fieldwork on zombi cases became the origin point for the later pharmacological debate.
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