African Ethnicities Saint Domingue

Witnessed the African ethnic and religious world of Saint-Domingue's revolutionary moment

kimpa-vita - Kongo prophetess whose Catholic-prophetic movement helps frame later Atlantic comparisons like Romaine

Brigitte Mackandal - Kongo-speaking courier in the network

François Mackandal - Nganga operating during West Central African demographic shift; created ouaies/macandals as syncretic minkisi

ethnicities-saint-domingue

His prophetic politics drew on Kongolese Marianism — making his movement legible within the broader study of African ethnic and spiritual traditions that shaped insurgency in Saint-Domingue.

The Bight of Benin supplied many of the Fon, Ewe, and Yoruba enslaved people in Saint-Domingue.

Bight Of Biafra

Gold Coast peoples including Akan groups were among the African ethnic populations in Saint-Domingue.

Northern Plain - Sugar estates, Arada clustering

Wolof, Mandinka, and Bambara peoples from Senegambia were among Saint-Domingue's African ethnic groups.

West Central Africa

The Mino represented the military culture of Fon/Dahomean African ethnic groups in Saint-Domingue.

African ethnic diversity shaped inter-group dynamics among the enslaved.

African Ethnicities Saint Domingue

religious-worldviews - Kongo Catholicism as authentic synthesis, not strategic disguise

African Ethnicities Saint Domingue

ethnicities-saint-domingue - Linguistic backgrounds of enslaved populations

Material Culture - Ouaies/macandals as material culture; pakèt kongo continuity

African Ethnicities Saint Domingue

African Ethnicities Saint Domingue

African Ethnicities Saint Domingue

Vodou As Revolutionary Infrastructure

Vodou Nanchon System Desmangles