Also known as: Brenda Gayle Plummer, Haiti and the United States, Haiti and the United States: The Psychological Moment
Last updated: April 16, 2026
The most comprehensive diplomatic and cultural history of Haiti-U.S. relations, tracing from the colonial Saint-Domingue trade networks through the 1791 revolution, the 1915–34 occupation, and the Cold War accommodation with the Duvalier dictatorship. Plummer argues that fear, fantasy, racial ideology, and cultural misreading consistently shaped U.S. conduct toward Haiti — that it was always more than a strategic problem — while also giving serious attention to Haitian agency, the interplay of négritude with U.S. exoticist tourism fantasies, and how cultural resistance sustained Haitian independence through overwhelming pressure.
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Chicago
Brenda Gayle Plummer. "Haiti and the United States: The Psychological Moment." University of Georgia Press, 1992. Rasin.ai, https://rasin.ai/connections/sources/plummer-haiti-and-united-states. Accessed 2026-05-05.