Also known as: Toussaint response to Bonaparte 1799, Circumstantial freedom speech, Bonaparte proclamation Saint-Domingue 1799
Last updated: April 16, 2026
A paired document consisting of Napoleon Bonaparte's proclamation to Saint-Domingue issued shortly after the 18 Brumaire coup (December 25, 1799) and Toussaint Louverture's public response, in which Toussaint articulated his 'circumstantial freedom' position — defending emancipation and Saint-Domingue's autonomy while nominally recognizing French sovereignty. The exchange is a key document in the deteriorating relationship between Toussaint and Bonaparte that would culminate in the 1802 Leclerc expedition.
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Napoleon Bonaparte and Toussaint Louverture. "Bonaparte's Proclamation to Saint-Domingue and Toussaint's Response (December 1799)." 1799. Rasin.ai, https://rasin.ai/connections/sources/toussaint-proclamation-1799. Accessed 2026-05-05.