Also known as: C.L.R. James, CLR James, The Black Jacobins, The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution
Last updated: April 16, 2026
The classic Marxist account of the Haitian Revolution, arguing that a slave society at the center of Atlantic capitalism produced the only successful slave revolution in history and that this revolution belongs among the great world-historical transformations of the modern era. James holds together structural analysis and biographical narrative in his tragic portrait of Toussaint Louverture — a statesman of rare talent whose execution of Moyse and inability to imagine a future beyond French civilization marked the limits of individual leadership against the forces the revolution itself had set in motion.
James's The Black Jacobins places Raynal at a crucial point in the prehistory of the revolution and makes his Black Spartacus passage part of Toussaint's intellectual formation.
black-jacobins
If you use rasin.ai data or findings in your research, please cite us:
Chicago
C.L.R. James. "The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution." Secker and Warburg, 1938. Rasin.ai, https://rasin.ai/connections/sources/james-black-jacobins. Accessed 2026-05-05.