De l'égalité des races humaines: Anthropologie positive

The first systematic antiracist anthropology by a Black scholar, written in Paris after Firmin was elected to the Société d'anthropologie in 1884 and heard European racial pseudoscience presented as fact. Using the same positivist methods as Gobineau's Essay on the Inequality of Human Races (1853–1855), Firmin demolished that work's claims and argued systematically for Black intellectual equality, predating Du Bois by decades and establishing Haiti as a center of Black scientific production.