L'occupation américaine d'Haïti: ses conséquences morales et économiques

A contemporary Haitian critique of the U.S. occupation published in 1929, while the occupation was still in force, structured around the argument that Haiti has no peace, no liberty, and no property under foreign military rule. Bellegarde, a diplomat and intellectual, argues that bayonet-imposed order is not peace, that occupation is incompatible with democratic self-rule, and that the most serious damage is not material but moral — the injury to dignity, sovereignty, and collective self-respect. The book is the most important Haitian nationalist counterpoint to U.S. occupation apologetics and the source for the 'order in shame' critique.