Chapter Notes: American Odyssey (Laguerre 1984) Source overview: laguerre american odyssey

Chapter Notes: American Odyssey (Laguerre 1984) Source overview: laguerre american odyssey Chapter 1 — The Haitian Community in New York City Core Argument The Haitian community in New York is invisible precisely because of what makes it distinctive: its triple minority status as black, foreign, and French/Creole-speaking. This invisibility is not incidental but structural, producing a community whose "voices have been unheard." Key Quote "Their voices have been unheard because of their triple minority status as black, foreign, and French- and Creole-speaking." Migration Waves Laguerre identifies four distinct waves, each with its own class composition and political orientation: US Occupation era (1915–1934): Upper-class Haitians fleeing political instability; many settled in Harlem; largely assimilated into African American professional networks. Post-1957 Duvalier wave: Professional and middle-class Haitians — doctors, lawyers, teachers, engineers — fleeing political persecution after francois duvalier came to power.