--- Page 1 --- --- Page 2 --- a e - a GAUD E a Bobn Carter Broton. --- Page 3 --- --- Page 4 --- --- Page 5 --- 88888S8ssasa588586 : T R A VE L. S T H R U G * H L O UIS I A N A. - 5 C O --- Page 6 --- H - A S T 1O CSA4 TAUT WOUOIHT M A HTSOM - MI A - 2 IUO J I3 79X 12204 M YE de 4 5 - : 4 RA M BOMAET ROMB : MORR ARTATMAAT RC - . C HAIS - 37 SFATANOS cTOy YRQTR * a SATALERART sere u3ial 1 2 Dw - EHT 448 33 aUOQIATAD DITAMITEYE R APM3MA-HT solt HEIJORE 13 STAAA 1 1 03 taTsue 8919 MA . - BTIW a E 1E6 SitA aUrBEU Tivi EWT 33 TDASTERA A WI GRNTATRG. R322ITRA FRANRIAT RASVA: de n doktug 301 E STR JARMA BO3 #i ak OEA Ntt xOgUan 3 Aas (aumi S.0 022 20 0207 - 17 lonch? I andi a900u aastaw 2351 cer 238 Pim:o de a A - à I eteba) naw? aus P RE/YAGT : IXK >00: 3 --- Page 7 --- T R A V E L S THROUGH THAT PARTOF NORTH A MER tke BEOWN) FORMERI L Y CALL ED LOU I S I N A. By MR. BOSSU, CAPTAIN IN THE FRENCH MARINES. TRANSLATED FRGM THE FRENCH Br JOHN R EINHOLD FORSTER, F.A.S. ILLUSTRATED WITH NOTES RELATIVE CHIEFLY TG NATURAL HISTORY. TO WHICH IS ADDED BY THE TRANSLATOR A SYSTEMATIC CATALOGUE OF ALL THE KNOWN PLANTS OF ENGLISH NORTH-AMERICA, O R, A FLORA AMERICE SEPTENTRIONALIS: TOGETHER WITH AN ABSTRACT OF THE MOST USEFUL AND NECESSARY ARTICLES CONTAINED IN P ET E R LOEFLING G's TRAVELS THROUGH SPAIN AND CUMANA IN SOUTH AMERICA. Referred to the Pages of the original Swedith Edition. V L. I. Ornari res ipla negat, contenta doceri. Horat. L O N D 0 N: Printed for T.DAVIES in Ruffel-Street, Covent-Garden. M DCC LXXI. --- Page 8 --- a f 10 : à a. : s. AT - odiel Dimait ts itune ne A veo --- Page 9 --- T WILLIAM CONSTABLE, Efg; of BURTON-CoxSTABLE. S I R, zeal with which you promote the caufe of and THE great learning, efpecially that of Natural Hiftory, the Polite Arts and Antiquities, intitle you to the regard and homage of every one who is converfant with Arts and Sciences : but the favour you were fo kind to beftow upon me, before you proceeded on the tour through the different parts of Europe, E encourages ine to take this early opportunity to congratulate you on your return to. your philofophic retirement, and publicly to acknowledge the gratitude and attachment which will ever prompt me to think myfelf happy in my weak endeavours to approve my conduét and fentiments to my friends and benefactors. May ts and Antiquities, intitle you to the regard and homage of every one who is converfant with Arts and Sciences : but the favour you were fo kind to beftow upon me, before you proceeded on the tour through the different parts of Europe, E encourages ine to take this early opportunity to congratulate you on your return to. your philofophic retirement, and publicly to acknowledge the gratitude and attachment which will ever prompt me to think myfelf happy in my weak endeavours to approve my conduét and fentiments to my friends and benefactors. May --- Page 10 --- vi DEDIC a ATIO N. May you always R enjoy and all the rational and perfeét health, moral D this lifes, and, after. a blellings-of, difinguifhed. long, feries of years, by actions. of 2a friendfhip, and. virtue, benevolences tranfitory enjoyments for exchange thefe >city: Thefe are the finceré everlafting feli-; wilhes of and.invariable: T him who fubfcribes with the trueft regard, TOVO himfelf, avongmt! IASTy 10 un 13 0101 2r hosorlat nitt8 iiwr lebirab snod Kngosinadiont 9ti3 daql 02 E21 sonlamimt 30d40 alaftneren widegix asat HO Go oubong SL R.: WAT Ce mnof Strcmns F91 dnox bmponnoy DO sin vot bai e0T ardw doidyr o Plad vigo, eub syismionoue : otubal LoxDON, on. $- - (ie Your moft obliged Dns ewoigil 1771. ldA ndo 3 lo soigub afobaerg adt a M cntig Kns Ane a AoBA obedient U humble NTOUO ATONI euemuo J fervant, 3 lae fuberg it aciom 01 ASe Stya a05 dg Mnds JOHN Lo REINHOLD somyal : : a DVIS FORSTER SISW D8 eonsien ou to lir.dlouder bas eueoyal ois Yd anoirsanslg oli 03 033 PpoBahslt Lns aildug orz 01 bobnsrermoa timalg melo trohitilemune 10 39008017 poty msimext 13 ap SKgAtoEAI pa AA RAUTT Jan ennng Soyperd -45) yrad TU Eva a 2n PnAun SiArT SA4 101 inslas ot --- Page 11 --- a E 1G4 C P: R E F A C E. airori Botq 70005 wysnis oY YEM snoites with dis a View prefent publication appears a3r THE a the reader with a to lupply Englifh good account of a country, which now enjoys-thie' happinefs to be under the mild infuence aad fwaylof thel Britifh feeptre 3 and, if properly adminiftered and peopled, might in time become one of the great fupports of that power, which makes, Great Britain refpeéted over all the globe-s STL The à country here defcribed is fufceptible of greatlimprovements, capable to fupply the mother-country with immenfe ftores of raw materials for her manufactures, and to take in return the produéts of our induftry : a commerce which, connected with religious and civil liberty, is the only bafis on which the grandeur of this nation can be laftingly founded with any degree of probability. The Catalogue of North American plants is a mere attempt, to make the curious more attentive to the American fpontancous produéts, and which will give a higher degree of certainty of fuccefs to the plantations of fuch plants as were recommended to the public, by the ingenious and great promoter of Natural Hiftory and Plantations chn Ellis, Efqs in a Cataloguc of fuch forcign plants in our American aS Gre scorthy of being encotraged colonies for the purpafes of medicines agriculturé, axd comincree. The Catalogue of North American plants is a mere attempt, to make the curious more attentive to the American fpontancous produéts, and which will give a higher degree of certainty of fuccefs to the plantations of fuch plants as were recommended to the public, by the ingenious and great promoter of Natural Hiftory and Plantations chn Ellis, Efqs in a Cataloguc of fuch forcign plants in our American aS Gre scorthy of being encotraged colonies for the purpafes of medicines agriculturé, axd comincree. The --- Page 12 --- vili P R,E F A C E. The Englifh names affixed to the of. the plants, will make it greater part mon more eafy to the compeople to know and to ufe them, fcience more down even to the Joweft bring the fix the hitherto vague and multifarious capacities, tions of plants in various denominaobviate that confufion parts of America, and and drynefs too mon in the fudy of that ufeful already comledge. branch of knowLoefing's deicriptions of the Spanifh and American plants are the only South which deferve the things in his journal attention ofa curious letters publifhed reader; the along with them in the are compliments of a grateful Swedifis, and queries and dubia Pupil to his tutor, fore not worth relative to botany, and therea tranflation. The has now all the Englifh public Linnaan voyages and publications of the fchool; Holeiquip, Olveck, and Lorfling make the whole of Toreen, Kolm, them. The French word outarde fignifies bnfard, but in North America commonly a to a kind of geefe, which I they give that name rect, vol. i, p. 96.; therefore beg to corformation having but lately got an inabout it, from a gentleman who is returned from North America. juft, The Sardines mentioned vol. i. I have fufpedted in the p. 2. are not, 2S note, the fo mon on our weftern coafts; but pilchards, comnot yet deferibed, a kind of herring, of peculiar to the neighbourhood Belle-Ie, and the coaft of French Bretany, --- Page 13 --- * - à a U 3a & a T R A V EL S THROUGH LOUIS IA N A. LETTER Ir To the MARQUIS de PESTRADE. The Author's Departure for America; Defcription efthe Town ofCape François; Cruelties of the Spaniards towards the Natives of the Ile efSt. Domingo; working ofthe Mines; true Origin of the Mal de Neples. FXHEN I had the honour of tak98 E Ar * ing my leave of you, I was or- - W - dered to communicate to you * every particular that fhould appear remarkable to me in this new world; you farther defired of me an account of all interefting fubjedts which might happen on. VoL. I, B the efthe Town ofCape François; Cruelties of the Spaniards towards the Natives of the Ile efSt. Domingo; working ofthe Mines; true Origin of the Mal de Neples. FXHEN I had the honour of tak98 E Ar * ing my leave of you, I was or- - W - dered to communicate to you * every particular that fhould appear remarkable to me in this new world; you farther defired of me an account of all interefting fubjedts which might happen on. VoL. I, B the --- Page 14 --- TRAVELS THROUCH the paflage. I am glad that Cape Frangois affords my ftay at me an opportunity of fulilling an engagement which is dear me, becaufe its execution to able to may prove agreeyou. I was at Belle-Ie in lier de 1750, M. Le ChevaGroffoles commanded at that he gave me a letter from the Count place; from which I learnt, that his dArgesfon, Majefty had me Lieutenant in the made Marines; this Minifter gave me orders to fet out Rochefort, immediately for accordingly I went on board firft fifhing fmack deftined the chovies * to carry the An- (Sardines) to Rochelle, which caught on the Coaft of are Bretany, and are the chief which fupport of the inhabitants of Belle-Ihe, In * The true Anchovies are caught in the and thofe few that now and then Mediterranean ; near England or appear in the feas are France, are rather rare examples; certainly not fo numerous that a they them could be inftituted. The profitable fifhery of therefore, feems to be the Sardine of our Author, copioufly Pilchard, a fith that Is caught on the coafts of Corwwall and Frinch very Bretany. Linneus has no peculiar fifh, though the fpecific name for this his Syn. pifc, great Englifh natural hiftorian, Ray, in this fpecies; 104, had pointed out the charaéters of which now is done more .fully Mr. nart, in his Britifh by PezZoology, III. P. 291. F. --- Page 15 --- L O U.I S I. A N A: În November we weighed anchor before the Palace 8, (which is the name of the town on this ifland) ; and the very firit night of our voyage we had fuch a violeht ftorm on the coaft of Poi- $o1l, thàt our little veffel being beat about and furrounded by the waves, we expeéted every moment to go to the bottom : The crew confifted of a pilot, and three failors from Lower Bretany, who are commonly called Sea-wolvest and are fo well accuftomed to this element, that they brave the hardeft weather. The wind having increafed, our captain was obliged to put in at the Ile de Dieu, fituated between Poitou and the county dAunis. We ftaid there eight days S at the expiration of which, the fea being calmed, we fet fail again, and continued our voyage ta the Ille of Rhé, from whence I croffed a channel of the fea about three leagues broad, that feparates the ifle from the continent, and arrived at Rochelle, and the day after I came to Rochefort. I was direêted to addrefs myfelf to the intendant of the department of the marine, who is M. le Normant de MÉji, a man of real merit, and deferving of the place he occupies, by. his talents and the goodnefs of his heart: he told me, that, as foon as I fhould have equipped myfelf for my voyage, I was to go to Rochelle, B 2 and * Le Palais. t Loups de mere , and the day after I came to Rochefort. I was direêted to addrefs myfelf to the intendant of the department of the marine, who is M. le Normant de MÉji, a man of real merit, and deferving of the place he occupies, by. his talents and the goodnefs of his heart: he told me, that, as foon as I fhould have equipped myfelf for my voyage, I was to go to Rochelle, B 2 and * Le Palais. t Loups de mere --- Page 16 --- TRAVELS THROUCH and embark in the fhip called the of 400 tuns. M lc Normant had Pontchartrain, thip for the King's freighted this port four account, in order to tranf companics of the marines, whom took in at the citadel on the ifle of we. were deftined to reinforce the Rhé: they Orleans, garrifon of New We fet fail from Rochelle the 26th of ber, and had Decemcontrary winds for above a fortnight on the coaft of Spain. We willing to put in at Corumma, in order were already tered from the violence to be fhelof the winds; when happily the wind thifted; and, of towards the end January, we were in fight of ifle Madeira, an belonging to Portrgal"; it is called the queen of ifands, on account of its the excellence of its fertility and foil; it has near leagues in circumference, twenty and very fine fruits. produces good wines, On the rsth of February we paffed the of Cancer. The next day the failors tropic fpent in fome * Itis an African ifland in the Atlantic ated to the north of the Canary ocean, and fitudifcovered in iflands; ; which latter were 1417, by a Norman gentleman called Bethenccurt, who bore the title of of Teau and made the conqueft of them to the King the Canaries, them now. Spaniards, who poffefs --- Page 17 --- L O U I S I A N A. fome ridiculous ceremonies, which they oblige thofe to undergo who never pafled the line before: they are baptifed with fea-water ; but may avoid this too abundant afpérfion by making a fmall prefent to the boatfwain. Two months after leaving Rochelle we arrived at Cape François, in the ifle of St. Domingo 5 whichis that part of America where the Spaniards have frft built towns and forts. The town lies-at the bottom of a promontory: it is defended by a fort cut in the rock, at the entrance ofthe port. This fortrefs, which has a good ftore of artillery, projeéts into the fea; and by that means forms a cape, from whence the town takes its name. Its inhabitants are European merchants, Creoles, and negroes; the laft being employed to cultivate fugar-canes, coffee, indigo, cacao, cotton, caffia, tobacce, and various other produéts. The French and Spaniards have divided the ifland between them; the latter poffefs the weftern part of it*, San Domingo is the capital of B 3 the * Since that time the Spaniards have given their fhare of this ifland to the French. F. a cape, from whence the town takes its name. Its inhabitants are European merchants, Creoles, and negroes; the laft being employed to cultivate fugar-canes, coffee, indigo, cacao, cotton, caffia, tobacce, and various other produéts. The French and Spaniards have divided the ifland between them; the latter poffefs the weftern part of it*, San Domingo is the capital of B 3 the * Since that time the Spaniards have given their fhare of this ifland to the French. F. --- Page 18 --- TRAVELS THROUGH the ifland; it is the feat of a King of Spain bifhop, whom the appoints. This ifland is celebrated by the mal de origin of the Naples, or venereal difeafe, Authors agree fo much on this dif the ftory in fo fubject, and have told I fhall not do many different ways, that I think light, amifs to reprefent it in its true Nicolas de Olando was wards the end of the governor of this ifle, tothe reign of King Ferdinand fifteenth century, during bella of Cafile: he of Arragon and Ifathe converfion had ftriet orders to work at of the fubdued buted them Indians; ; he diftriamong the dred of them to one Spaniards, giving a huncalling this man, fifty to another; and fion). I believe proceeding a repartimiento, (a divithat this is you will agree with me, Sir, a very fingular method of converts in America ; fuch maxims making contrary to the true fpirit of the are quite gion * Chriftian reliThefe Ce The King Don ce diforders, had turned Ferdinand, all his being informed of thefe cc them; and his care attention towards remedying <e he wifhed to proteét and chiefly regarded the Indians, whom Ec maxim of the Catholic convert, as itl has always becn the kings. He gave feveral orders, 6E and --- Page 19 --- L O U I S I A N A. of forced the Thefe Spaniards, greedy gold, wretched Indians to work in the mines, and kept them almoft buried in the earth for cight or nine months together. This hard labour, the fulphureous vapours which continually rofe from the mines, and the famine to which they were reduced by the impoffibility of cultivating their grounds, fo corrupted the mafs of their blood, that their faces became tinged with a faffron COlour; a kind of puftules came out on every part of their body, and caufed them infupportable pains. They foon communicated this ficknefs to their wives, and fo of courfe to their encmies; and they all perifhed for want of-a remedy. The affliéted Spaniards hoped, that this kind of peft would not follow them to Europe, whither they went for the change of air; but they were deceived ; and, on their return, they gave the Europeans the diftemper they got from the Americans. B How4 66 and publifhed laws, that they fhould be inftruSted wich 66 mildnefs, difintercftednefs, and by example: but as an 66 arrow falls without force at the bottom of the aim, when 66 it is beyond the reach of the arm that fhot it; fo, all the 4 methods which he made ufe of to make his defigns fuc66 ceed, loft their force as they got to a greater ditance.". Don Antonio de Solis. the diftemper they got from the Americans. B How4 66 and publifhed laws, that they fhould be inftruSted wich 66 mildnefs, difintercftednefs, and by example: but as an 66 arrow falls without force at the bottom of the aim, when 66 it is beyond the reach of the arm that fhot it; fo, all the 4 methods which he made ufe of to make his defigns fuc66 ceed, loft their force as they got to a greater ditance.". Don Antonio de Solis. --- Page 20 --- TRAVELS THROUGH However, Frovidence pitied thefe iflanders : an Indian wretched niard, woman, the wifeof a Spaofv wood difcovered,fome called time after, that a kind for their guayacan; was a fufficient cure diftemper *, It is but too true, Sir, that evil The Spaniards have facrificed. produces evil, the new world; millions of men in ofvaft they have laid wafte extent, in order to ufurp the countries Indians. gold of the Gold and filver give as much trouble tigue to thofe who work them and faas they afford out of the mines, feffors. A contentment and eafe to their pof ty-nine Spanifh engineer told me, that twenyears were fpent in mountains of Potofi, for the fearching, in the fero, which is two hundred famous vein of CruSuch is the hard and and fifty yards deep. power and defire of riches fiuspernatural labour which exacts, and which is executed * Notwithfanding what our author origin of this difeafe, it is well fays' concerning the of South and North America had known, thatthe inhabitants ropeans came to them; but the difeafe when' the Euthough they carefuliy kept this they well knew how to cure it, pean enemies; ; and it has but knowledge from their Euroin the fouth the Guayacum, and lately been difcovered, that Blvatica, together with other in the north the Siillingia cifics. F. plants, are the Indian ipe- --- Page 21 --- Li O U I S I A N A; executed by neceffity and fervitude, in order to extract gold from the bowels of the earth. The wretched workmen who are employed there, enjoy neither the air of our atmoiphere, nor the light of the fun, and bury themfelves in infectious and cold abyffes; of which the exhalations are fo unwholefome, that they caufe fwoons and giddinefs to the workmen as foon as they offer to go in. They make ufe of candles to light them in thefe dark fubterraneous places : the metal is generally hard in them ; they break it in pieces with hammers, load it on their fhoulders, and mount upwards on ladders made of twifted hides of oxen, with wooden fteps, contrived in fuch a manner, that whilft one goes up on one fide, another may defcend on the other: thefe ladders are divided into ten fets. A man generally, carries two arobas of metal on his back *, wrapped upin a piece of cloth : he that goes firft has a candle faftened to his thumb; and they all hold themfelves with both hands on the ladder, in order to be able to go upwards for the fpace of 250 feet. The general hiftory of America tells us, that the nations of Florida took the facks with filver, and threw them far from themfelves as ufelefs. The Mexicans, on the contrary, were fond of gold; * An Aroba is 25 pounds, poids de Marc. on his back *, wrapped upin a piece of cloth : he that goes firft has a candle faftened to his thumb; and they all hold themfelves with both hands on the ladder, in order to be able to go upwards for the fpace of 250 feet. The general hiftory of America tells us, that the nations of Florida took the facks with filver, and threw them far from themfelves as ufelefs. The Mexicans, on the contrary, were fond of gold; * An Aroba is 25 pounds, poids de Marc. --- Page 22 --- 1o TRAVELS THROUGH gold; though, as Tofeph dAepa univerfal hiftory of the fays, in his cc their avarice Indies, < it is true that < where was not arrived to that ours is ; and pitch Cc their being idolaters, that, notwithftanding 66 ped gold and filver they never have worfhipcc Chriftians have fo much as fome bad <6 the moft done, who have committed < metal." atrocious crimes for the fake of that The fame author relates the dote, which perfeétly following anccdefire after riches. C charaéterizes A man's ftupid Cc dering the height of the Spanifh monk, confi6c Guatimala, took it into famous volcano of 66 which he fawinfamed his head, that that Cc gold, fince it had muft needs be a mafs of c ther without burnt for many ages togeCe falfe being confumed. Milled by this principle, he cc invented fome chains, and other kettles, c he intended to draw inftruments, the with which Cc kind of well: : but the fire liquid gold from this < for the chain and kettle difappointed him 5 Lc into this infernal were fcarce entered < ly melted down. orifice, but they immediare. €6 this man perfifted However," fays our auchor, 66 for fetching in inventing new methods <c fo up the gold after which he much; but one day thirfted 66 near the mouth of the happening to come too volcano, the exhalations G from --- Page 23 --- L O U I S I A N A. IT sc from it killed him, when he expeêted to have < fucceeded in his whimfical defign, Thus Sc blind mortals haften their death by too great a K purfuit after the luxuries of this life." But to return to the Indians of Saint Domingo. The hiftory of that ifle informs us, that a Cacique * called Poncra, being haraffed by the Spaniards, refolved to flee from his village, which the enemies found abandoned, and where they took three thoufand marks of gold, which had been left there. Vafco Nunez de Balboa, the fucceffor of Nicolas de Obando, fent his people to the Cacique, with orders to affure him, that he fhould not fearto return, becaufe he fhould be his friend; but that if he did not come back, he fhould go and hunt for him, and caufe him to be devoured by his dogs t Poncra * A cacique is a petty prince or king of the Indians. + The Spaniards had brought over with them from Europe fome maftiffs, which they had taught to hunt the Indians 5 as foon as they were let loofe upon thefe wretches, they tore out their bowels, and devoured them. One of thefe dogs called Barêmel was very much drealed all over the ifand; and though he was guarded by a fhield againit the arrows of the Indians, they, it is faid, at laft killed him, by picrcing his eyes with darts, which was. a kind of, triumph for them. Antonio them from Europe fome maftiffs, which they had taught to hunt the Indians 5 as foon as they were let loofe upon thefe wretches, they tore out their bowels, and devoured them. One of thefe dogs called Barêmel was very much drealed all over the ifand; and though he was guarded by a fhield againit the arrows of the Indians, they, it is faid, at laft killed him, by picrcing his eyes with darts, which was. a kind of, triumph for them. Antonio --- Page 24 --- TRAVE L S THROUGH Poncra was frightened by his threats, and did not venture to difobey. He brought with him three of his vaffals. Nunez de Balioa in vain all the cunning employed imaginable to bring him to. difcover the place where they got the gold, which he had heard contained that metal: great quantities of good ufage and punifhments were equally infufficient to bring him to confefs what perhaps he did not know. : As to the three thoufand marks of gold which had been found, Poncra faid, that thofe who had amaffed them died in the times of his fathers, and that he had not thought it worth while to fend people to fearch for more, having no need.ofit. This unhappy Cacique was given up to the fury of the that devopred him with his three dogs, companions, Some time after, a Spaniard fell into the hands of the fubjeéts of the unhappy Pencra; they reproached him with the exceflive thirft of his countrymen after gold, and the injuftices it led them Antonio de Herrera, in, his firft Decas, relates, that this fierce creature, whofe inftinét was fingular, guarded a row pafsin the ifle ofcSt. Domingo; and that one narIndian woman, being defirous of pafing by him, addreffed day an him in thefe words: Signor Dog, do not hurt mne 5 this letter to the Chrijfians: he adds, that the deginmediately Icary fmelled at her, pifed at her, (thofe arc his very words) and Jifered her t0 pa/s without Aaing her any harm, --- Page 25 --- LO U I S I A N A. them to commit; that this avidity alone forced them from their country, and brought them acrofs numberlefs perils to that ifand, to diftu:b its inhabitants, who lived peaceably before in their huts, under the proteétion of the Great Spirit *, After this fhort harangue, they melted fome gold, and poured it into his mouth and ears, faying, Thou dog, fince thou art Jo willing to pofJejs it, glut thyjelf. It muft, however, be owned, Sir, that, if the Mexican hiftory fhews us nothing but horror, that of St. Domingo, on the otherhand, furnifhes us with inftances of generofity. Don Pedro de Magaratit, formerly a commandant here for the King of Spain, was offered a couple of living turtle - doves, by an Indian in a great famine. The general took them, paid the Indian handfomely for them, and begged part of the garrifon to go with him to the higheftpart tof the town ; where, being arrived, he faid to them, holding the little creatures in his hand, <6 Gentlemen, I am forry that people 4s have Thus the Indians call the Supreme Being. ofity. Don Pedro de Magaratit, formerly a commandant here for the King of Spain, was offered a couple of living turtle - doves, by an Indian in a great famine. The general took them, paid the Indian handfomely for them, and begged part of the garrifon to go with him to the higheftpart tof the town ; where, being arrived, he faid to them, holding the little creatures in his hand, <6 Gentlemen, I am forry that people 4s have Thus the Indians call the Supreme Being. --- Page 26 --- TRAVELS THROUGH 6 have not brought me cc treat provifions fufficient to you all; Icannot refolve to Cc petite, whilft fatisfy my aphad you are ftarving : and as he fpoke thefe words, he let the birds fly away. An infinite number of otherinftances added to this, which do may be no lefs honour to the inhabitants of this ifle. There are feveral that deferve to be recorded in hiftorys and thofe that I have been told, I among cannothelp thinking the following ftory worth your notice. An old inhabitant of St. Domingo had confiderable fortune there by his acquired a labour, induftry, and trade. His conduét and mained unaltered manners reby profperity; and he valued his riches, becaufe they enabled him only ferve others. to Whenever a fhip arrived from France, he ran to the coaft to fee the paffengers land, and rally conduéted them to his home. One day gene- he faw feveral young people, who expeéted to make their fortune as foon as they arrived; they had letters of recommendation, on which they depended fo much, that they took little notice of the good planter, who accofted them; he left them, wifbing them all kind of profperity : fome --- Page 27 --- L OU I S I A N A. fome time after he met them again looking very fad and difcontented with the reception they had found. Gentlemen, fays he to them, you are not recommended to me, and you did not rely on me. Iam your fellow-creature, and you want afliftance; come to my houfe, you will there find a table and a lodging at your fervice; and during that time perhaps fomething may ofter, that will fuit your inclinations. The young people were enraptured, and accepted his offers ; they followed him to his houfe, where they found a table fpread for twenty perfons, and ferved by as many Negro fetvants. One of the new COmers afked whether they were at a wedding, and was furprifed to hear that this was nothing extraordinary. The mafter of the houfe kept them in his houfe for fome time; his advices, and the pains he took about them, foon procured them very advantageous fituations. You will eafily believe, Sir, that fo good a mafter was loved and refpected by all his flaves, who looked upon him as upon their father. This man was very far from being animated by the brutal avidity of fome planters, that force their wretched flaves to fuch hard labour, that they refufe to marry, in order to avoid generating flaves to fach mafters, who treat them, when his houfe for fome time; his advices, and the pains he took about them, foon procured them very advantageous fituations. You will eafily believe, Sir, that fo good a mafter was loved and refpected by all his flaves, who looked upon him as upon their father. This man was very far from being animated by the brutal avidity of fome planters, that force their wretched flaves to fuch hard labour, that they refufe to marry, in order to avoid generating flaves to fach mafters, who treat them, when --- Page 28 --- TRAVELS THROUGH when old and infrm, worfe than their and horfes *. dogs As to the inhabitants of the French iflands in the Weft Indies, I can affure you they are very generous towards ftrangers : a perfon may even travel in the interior parts of the without the leaft country, expence to himfelf; if his countenance be free and open, and his behaviour decent, he is fufficiently qualified for a favourable reception in every habitation. It is with great juftice-that we reckon the Creoles noble in France: their fentiments noble and delicate in are fo every ftation of life, that they perfeétly deferve that appellation. Man is every where the fame ; he is equally fufceptible of good and evil; education correêts his vices, but does not give him virtue 3 the fame # Ihave feen a planter, whofe name was who forced one of his negroes to go into a heated Chaperon, the poor wretch expired ; and his jaws being fhrivelled oven, where the barbarous Chaperon faid, I believe the fellow up; and took a poker to ftir him up. Since that time laughs, he is grown the fcare-crow of all the flaves; who, when have done fomething amifs, are threatened by their mafters they with, I wvillfelltleet to Chaperons --- Page 29 --- LOUI S N A: 17: fame Being has created the civilized man and the favage, and has endowed them with the fame qualities, as you will find in the fequel of my correfpondence. If I cannot amufe you with my ftile, at leaft I fhall make my narrative interefting, through the fingularity'of the facts I intend to relate. Iam, SIR, Cape François, the 15th of February 1751. VoL. I. L E T --- Page 30 --- 18 TRAVELS THROUGH L E T T E R II: T nie To the Jame. The Authar's Departure Louifans. Short from Cape François for the Havannah, Defeription of the Harbour of Ofthe famous co; and of New Orleans. Guiph of Mexino 7 S I R, XY S *XE 81 W Xs weighed anchor the 8th of Za laft; and on the March X fight of Cuba, which I5th we were in perate of all the Antilles, is the moft temftore of all the riches of The Hevannah is the its fituation, and the America.on account of its harbour, which extent and convenience of thoufand fhips. It is can the contain upwards of a of the Spanifh fleets common rendez-wous it is defended by three returing to Europe 5 and dred leagues forts. Cuba is two hunlong, and between thirty broad; fixteen twenty-five and difcoveries to afcertain years have been fpent in whether it was an ifle Or continent: ft temftore of all the riches of The Hevannah is the its fituation, and the America.on account of its harbour, which extent and convenience of thoufand fhips. It is can the contain upwards of a of the Spanifh fleets common rendez-wous it is defended by three returing to Europe 5 and dred leagues forts. Cuba is two hunlong, and between thirty broad; fixteen twenty-five and difcoveries to afcertain years have been fpent in whether it was an ifle Or continent: --- Page 31 --- LOUIS IA. N U continent: it lies under the tropic of Cancer, thatis, in twenty-three degrees anda half north latitude. Near the. middle of the ifand, to. the fouthward, are a number of little ifles very clofe to each other, which are called the Garden of the Queen : During the equinox we fuffered a very violent ftorm between Cape Catoche and Cape Antonio; the latter, which we doubled on the twenty-third, is at the weftern point of the ifle of Cuba. I was very fea-fick, having never been a but the defire of at fea on fo long voyage; ferving my country in a new land, fufficiently compenfated all the hardfhips I underwent on The winds changed, the fea bemy paflage. çame fmooth, and, a few days after, we entered into the famous gulph of Mexico, where we of floating timmet with a prodigious quantity ber, coming from Louifana down the river Mififppi: thefe logs of wood are feen for above two hundred leagues at fea, and ferve as guides to the entrance of the riverin hazy and foggy weather; itbeing very difficult to get intoit, on account of the rocks and fhoals in' the neighbourhood of its entrance. DU F C 2 In, *: Jardin de la Reyna. --- Page 32 --- 20 TRAYELS In the firft THROUGH fort days of April we le Balje at the mouth of the perceived the Moinie a Ibercilts, Canada Miftfppi, Mr. vered, in 1698 * this gentleman, difcoWhich M. dô la Salle mouth of the river, fel ftruck upon the mifed in 1684. Our vef the pilor, and bar; we fired a at the fame time gun to call embarked the artillery of the caprain difhundred regular the thip, and the two the fervice of the troops which were on board for made the veffel fo colony of Lamifisnas which afloat again." much lighter, that the Came On the 4th of officers at Fort April, we fet ori fhore eightecri Batfe *, where M. de commanded: this officer Santilly of his power, while treated us to the beft is entirely furrounded we ftayed at his poft, which pents and crocodiles. with marfhes full of fer. The Marquis de Yandrenit, hena, being informed of governor of Loui. our arrival, fent feveral boats : Mr. Alburailie firft colony thither in" govetnor of Louifiana, condu@cd no governor for a 1699 : after his death the the Cadillac; and the long while: the fecond was M. country dela had of the firf. third, M, de Bieevilles youngeft Mctte brother + They reckon. thirty leagues leant, on account of the bendingsin from.this place ONeau Orthe river, governor of Loui. our arrival, fent feveral boats : Mr. Alburailie firft colony thither in" govetnor of Louifiana, condu@cd no governor for a 1699 : after his death the the Cadillac; and the long while: the fecond was M. country dela had of the firf. third, M, de Bieevilles youngeft Mctte brother + They reckon. thirty leagues leant, on account of the bendingsin from.this place ONeau Orthe river, --- Page 33 --- L O U IS I A N A. boats to fetch us, and to bring us refrelhments; ol we diftributed our foldiers on board them, and; by failing and rowing, we got to. New Orleans on- Eafter-day. The Marquis de Vaudreuil is to receive rwenty-four companies, of marines, to augment the forces in Louifiana : thefe troops come on board of merchant-fhips, freighted for the King's account; there are likewile fome female recruits enlifted in France, who come to pcople thele.climates. Induftrious foldiers, who chufe to marry thefe girls, get their difiniffion, and a certain number of acres of ground to cultivate; they get viétuals from the King for,three years together, and he makes them,a prefent of half a pound ofg gun-powder, and two pounds of fhot every. month; of-ag gun, a; hatchet, a pick: axe, and corn to fow their fields; with a cOW, a calf, cocks and hens, &c. DE 2020 The Marquis de Vaudreuil has diftributed the twenty-four new. companies in the different parts of the colony, without any regard to perfons 3 fo that every. one may equally fhare the advantages and the difadvantages. As to the detachment near the Illinois, a poft five hundred leagues diftantfrom New Orleans, it has fallen to the fhare of the company to which I belong. I have the honour of being among the officers which M. Rowillé, the fecretary of ftate for the marine, C 3 has --- Page 34 --- U THROUGI 22 T FRAVELS RC to, the Marquis de Yandreuils has recommended fenfible of the defeand I am made perfeatly Ican rence fhewn to fuch a recommendation. table is of Sir, that the Gencral's, affure you, and to.all thole that are lately greatuie to me, had time to take any arrived, and have not affluence, is very great: 3 The fixed lodgings. of his table in does the honours but the governor thatl he acquires fonoble and generous a manner, of all the officers, who the eftcemand friendhip father. of the colony. M. juftly ftile him the who fuperintends the Michel de la Rowvilliert, contributes to render life markets *, likewife prices he fixes upagrecable to, us, by the juft and by every the viétuals of the country, on. relative to his office. Tn thing M fet out for the Illinois the 20th We expeêt to who is to go bn of Augut next; Mr. de Macarty, commandant of the with us, has been appointed The different nations detachment by the court. vifit during this long which I ihall be obliged to with materials will furnifh me amply and voyage, of the fine river Millfippi, for a defcription the people on its banks. Iintend to give you a deIn the mean whilc, but I belieye feription of Louifana in general; I do * L'ordonnateur. who is to go bn of Augut next; Mr. de Macarty, commandant of the with us, has been appointed The different nations detachment by the court. vifit during this long which I ihall be obliged to with materials will furnifh me amply and voyage, of the fine river Millfippi, for a defcription the people on its banks. Iintend to give you a deIn the mean whilc, but I belieye feription of Louifana in general; I do * L'ordonnateur. --- Page 35 --- LO U:I S I A N A: I do not need to be very prolix on this fubject, know moft of the plans and acas you probably counts that have been publithed of it.5 Let me only obferve to you, that New Orleans, the ftreets of which run all in ftreight lines, is" now much greater and more populous than formérly. There are inhabitants of four forts, wiz. Europeans, Americans, Africans or" negroës, * The latter are thofe: born of and Mefizos . Europeans and the natives of this country, whom we call favages. The Creoles are thofe that are born here of a French man and French woman, or of European parents. - e 3u The Creoles in'general are very brave, tall, and well made; they. are well difpofed for cultivating the arts and fciences ; but as they cantherein for want of good not make great progrefs mafters, the rich and well-meaning fathers fend their children to France, as, to the beft fchool in the world, for all forts of acquirements, N700 3n As to the fair fex, whofe only art is that of plealing, they are already born with that advanhere, and have no need to acquire it in Eutage L7E rope. C. 4 New # Métifs. --- Page 36 --- E THROUCH TRAVELS Orleans and Mobile. are the only towns New the French pretty pure. The where they fpeak thither from Africa, and negroes are brought the grounds, which are employed in cultivating the culture ofi indigo, adapted to are excellently or Indian corn, and futobacco, rice, maize, have already made gar-canes, of which they well. Thus plantations that have fucceeded very who tradefmen, and ftrangers, the merchants, were an enchanted abode, liverhere, enjoy as. it of its air, the rendered delicious by the purity of its fituation. fertility. of fits foil, and the beauty Orleans lies on the banks of the Milf/ippi, New rivers in the world; which is one of the greateft it paffes becaufe, for 800 leagues together, and delicious through known countries. Its pure bewater runs for the fpace of forty leagues which form an tween a number of habitations, where the pleaelegant fight on both its fhores 5 all other enfures of hunting and ffhing, and joyments of life, are abundant. are the frft monks that went The capuchins in 1723. over to Néw Orleans as miffionaries thefe was the vicar of the parifh; Theirfuperior good de being Intendant of the marine * M. le Normant drank Mif, this water at his table. It has at Rochefort, always to the fecundity of women. the quality of contributing aelegant fight on both its fhores 5 all other enfures of hunting and ffhing, and joyments of life, are abundant. are the frft monks that went The capuchins in 1723. over to Néw Orleans as miffionaries thefe was the vicar of the parifh; Theirfuperior good de being Intendant of the marine * M. le Normant drank Mif, this water at his table. It has at Rochefort, always to the fecundity of women. the quality of contributing --- Page 37 --- 10OU a I S! F. A: N A. :3 25 employ themfelves in affairs good friars only relative to their ftation in life. pat Tu the Jefuits fettled in LowifiaSoP Two years after, have found -na. Thefe cunning politicians fettlement in the whole means to get the richeft through their colony, which they have obrained intrigues. a fent chither almoft at The Urfuline nuns were : The oceupation of thele pious the fame time. laudable, is the educagirls, whoie zeal is truly likewife receive ortion of young ladies; they for which the King phans into.their community, Thefenuns them ffty écus a-head penfion. pays with the carclof the military are likewife charged hofpital. to ftay here bas as yet been fo fhort, thatI My been able to give you any account have not which inhabit the banks of the of the nations however, I will endeavour to give you river; and turn-of the Chitimaan idea of the charaéter branch which chas, who are fettled on a river or Neto Orbears, their name, to the weftward of the anecdote will prove intereftleans : I believe this-nation-is very- near exing't to you, though tinét. In au U0 --- Page 38 --- THROUGK TRAVELS oneof their nation, having hid himfelf In1720, on t the banks of the Mil/ippi, in a lonely, place the Abbé de St. Come, wha was then had murdered who the miffionary of the colony. M. de Bienville, made the whole nation anwas then governor, fwerable for it; and, to fpare his own people, feveral nations of his allies to athe employed tack them. the lofs of their Thefe Indians were worfted; the beft warriors forced them to aik for peace : having granted it them, on condition governor would bring the head oft the murderer, that they and punstually executed that condition; they the calumet or pipe of afterwards prefented peace * to M. de Biewville. is a relation of what I have The following of this folemn heard concerning the ceremonies embaffy. arrived at Nec Orleans, finging the fong They to the of the calumet, which they difplayed wind, a with a head of red, black, * The calumet is long pipe, of a reed two and a half or three or white marble, and aj pipe to thofe nations feet long. The Indians fend it by deputies It is adorried with whom they wiil renew or treat of peacc. of with the feathers of the white, eagle; it is 2 fymbol where peace and plenty amongf them ; and one may becaufc go every nothing i without fear, with the calumet in hand, heid more facred. wind, a with a head of red, black, * The calumet is long pipe, of a reed two and a half or three or white marble, and aj pipe to thofe nations feet long. The Indians fend it by deputies It is adorried with whom they wiil renew or treat of peacc. of with the feathers of the white, eagle; it is 2 fymbol where peace and plenty amongf them ; and one may becaufc go every nothing i without fear, with the calumet in hand, heid more facred. --- Page 39 --- L O U I S I A N A: 27' wind, and in DV5P a certain cadence, to announce their embally; and they were dreffed out with theit beft ornaments, as is always ufual amongft them on fuch occafions. The chief of the deputation faid to the governor: How happy am Ito find myjerin thy prefences thou haf long been angry with our nation ; we have been informed ofwhat thy heart has told thee, and we have heard wwith great joy, that it was swoilling to give US fine days. They their faces then fat down on the ground, lcaning their the fpeaker without doubt to on hands, filent. recover, his breath, and the others to keep During this interval every body was ordered not to talk, nor to laugh whilft the harangue lafted, becaufe they would be affronted at it. 412 17 The fpeaker, fome moments after, arofe with two others; one of them filled the pipe of the calumet with tobacco, the other brought fire; the firft then lighted the pipes the fpeaker fmoked a while, and then prefented the pipe to M. de Bierville, that he might do the fame; accordingly the governor, and all the officers that compofed his retinue, fmoked out of this calueach according to his rank : as foon as met, the old orator took this ceremony was over, Biervillés back the calumet, and put it in M. de hands, in order to be preferved by him. The fpeaket --- Page 40 --- T R A VELS THROUGH remained ftanding, and the other amspéaker near the prefent which they bafladors fat dewn which confited of roe-buck had brought, and fome other furs, all drefand doe fkins, and-in 3o fed whites as.a. fign of peace. chancellor was dreffed in a The fpeaker or fewed togethers it robe of feveral marten-fkins fhoulder, and palled was faftened to his right himfelf upin under his left arm; he wrapped his fpeech with a majeftic this robe, and began the : < My air, addreffing himfelf to governor before for joy on fecing mylclf < heart laughs the word of have all of us heard c thee; we haft fent us: the hearts of c peace which thou for joy on that occac our whole nation laugh that inftant all <. fion; the women, forgetting and the children have danced; 6c that paffed, roe-bucks. Thy words C have leapt like young and our defcendants <c fhall never be forgotten, as the ANCIENT it as long < will remember the war has made us poor, €C WORD * mhall laft: as hunt obliged to. make a general 6 we have been thee fome furs: c or chace, in order to bring diafraid of going to any great (6 but we. were nations fhould not. yet. <6 ftance, left the other are we come hithen word : nor cc have heard thy till we faw thy face. < but trembling all the way, < How # Thus they call traditions. < will remember the war has made us poor, €C WORD * mhall laft: as hunt obliged to. make a general 6 we have been thee fome furs: c or chace, in order to bring diafraid of going to any great (6 but we. were nations fhould not. yet. <6 ftance, left the other are we come hithen word : nor cc have heard thy till we faw thy face. < but trembling all the way, < How # Thus they call traditions. --- Page 41 --- L:O U-ISIIA NZAF < How glad are my, leyes.and my.hieart to be- <s hold. thee this: day, Our: prelents are: fmall, < but our hearts are great toi obey thy word ; at < chy commands thou fhalt fee our: legs run and' <6 leap like thofe of the ftags, to do as thou: fhalt K6 pleafc." doo DU 3 Here the orator paufed a, little, then raifing, his, voice, he gravely. continued his difcourfe. s taioe Eal < How beautiful is the fun to-day, in com, cc parifon with what it was when thou, wert an- . N gry, with us! 1 How dangerous is one villain), < Thou knoweft that a fingle man has killed < the chiefof! theprayer fe whofe death has caufed <6 that of our beft warriors: we have only old < men, a and women with their childrea remains c ing, who all flretch out their arms towards c thee as to a good father. 33 The gall that fors 66 merly filled: thy heart, has given way to ho46 neys the great fpirit is no longer irritated 66 againft our nation, thou haft required the < head ofa a villain from, our hands, and in order 66 to obtain pcace we have fent it thec. a1> 66 The fun was red before, all the roads were 66 full Of thorns and briars; the clouds were 66 black, the water troubled and fained with WLT R - da lls o t C6 our So they call our mifionaries. --- Page 42 --- - THROUGH TRAYELS 4 our blood; our women lamented withoutinter-, of their, relations, and durft not, cc miflion the lois fetch wood for preparing 6 venture to go and fhriek of the birds < our victuals; at the leaft they 6f of night all our warriors were, onfoot; their armss, our huts were c6 never flept without fallow; we had cc abandoned, and our fields lay lookftomachs, and our faces <e all of us empty. and wild-fowl, cc ed long and meagres the game hifled cc fled, far from us 5 the ferpents angrily the birds that perched near our € at us : and their doleful notes, to 6c habitations feemed, by < a us fongs of death. - fing J 07u js the fky is ferene, c the fun bright, 1e To-day. the roads covered c the clouds are vanifhed, and fields Thall <c with flowers; our gardens will offer and we c henceforth be culivated, the water 6 their firft-fruits to the great fpirits we fee ourfelves in it; the ferc is fo clear that the birds amufc us by the 66 pents fly from us; of their fongs ; our 6 fweetnefs and harmony and and forget to eat c wives andchildren dance, for to 66 to drink ; the whole nation laughs joy, and cc fee us walk on the fame road with thyfelf the fame fun fhall light, us, we <c the French; the fame fpecch, and 6 fhall have but one and we will kill < our hearts fhall make but one ; warriors c them that fhall kill the French; our k 6 thall 66 pents fly from us; of their fongs ; our 6 fweetnefs and harmony and and forget to eat c wives andchildren dance, for to 66 to drink ; the whole nation laughs joy, and cc fee us walk on the fame road with thyfelf the fame fun fhall light, us, we <c the French; the fame fpecch, and 6 fhall have but one and we will kill < our hearts fhall make but one ; warriors c them that fhall kill the French; our k 6 thall --- Page 43 --- "LOUTs I A N A! 3E c thall hunt to make them fublift, and we will 66 eat together: Will not that be good? what s doft thou fay to it, father?" A, - To this difcourfe, which was fpoken with a firm tone of voice, with grace and decency, and even, if I may be allowed the expreffion, with the moft majeftic deportment, M. de Bienwille anfwered in a few words; in the common language, which he fpoke pretty Auently; that he was very glad that their nation had recovered : their fenfes; he gave them fomething to eat S and, as a mark of friendfhip, he put his hand into that of the fpeaker, and fo fent them home fatisfied.-Since thattime they have always been inviolably attached to the French, and furnifh New Orleans with game. 7 e My third letter will prove more interefting 5 however, I hope I have hitherto fulfiled my promifes ; and am, SI1 R, 8cc; ot sn New Orleans, the L 9W ofguly 1751. Va - LET. S and, as a mark of friendfhip, he put his hand into that of the fpeaker, and fo fent them home fatisfied.-Since thattime they have always been inviolably attached to the French, and furnifh New Orleans with game. 7 e My third letter will prove more interefting 5 however, I hope I have hitherto fulfiled my promifes ; and am, SI1 R, 8cc; ot sn New Orleans, the L 9W ofguly 1751. Va - LET. --- Page 44 --- TR AVE L S lTanotost E. T T H R III. To the Jame. i4 Cupoms and Ceremonies Defcription of the veligious inhabit the BanEs of the aNr of fome Nations which Naiches Riuer-Mimtappl. Confpirag fuhe great agantt the French, R, 1pI i & 1097 j S I otrab bire at the. place. where oi AM now arrived oft the Natches forthe great nation the: Va of which. public * merly. lived, - Itis afferted, that this news have faid fo much., others on acr Io formidable nation gave laws ito of their country. count, of the (great extent of land between inhabited all the fpace They which is about fifty leagues the river Menchak, river which is near from the fea, and the Hoyo, iaotao sir 460 leagues from; the fea. D . mi Lalal gngial On --- Page 45 --- L 0 U I S I A N A. On the 2oth of Auguft we fet out from New Orleans on our voyage to the Illinois, in fix boats, of which were the four companies on. board about which I wrote to you in my preceding commanded by M. de Macarty. We are letter, the current of the obliged to row up againft windriver Milfippi, on account of the many ings of that river, which runs between two great forefts, the trees of which appear to be as ancient as the world. The firft places you come to on your voyage with Germans, being are two villages peopled the the reft of a grant made, in 1720, by King to Mr. Law. This colony was to confift of Germans and Provencals, to the amount of 1500 perfons 5 the ground for it was) laid out near a wild nation called the Akanças; it wâs four leagués fquare, and the colony was ereêted into a dutchy. They had already tranfported thither the ammunition afid ftores for a company and merchandifes for the value of of dragoons; of livres; but Mr. Law failupwards a million that ed, and the India company, which wâs at time eftablifhed in Louifiana, took pofitellion of all thé goods. The colonifts feparated, and the Germans fettled ten leagues above New Orkans : they are VoL. I. D very êted into a dutchy. They had already tranfported thither the ammunition afid ftores for a company and merchandifes for the value of of dragoons; of livres; but Mr. Law failupwards a million that ed, and the India company, which wâs at time eftablifhed in Louifiana, took pofitellion of all thé goods. The colonifts feparated, and the Germans fettled ten leagues above New Orkans : they are VoL. I. D very --- Page 46 --- TRAVELS THROUGH laborious, and are looked upon as the proyery, victuallers of the town. The two viders and direction of a. Swedifh villages are under (the captain *, further you find a nation called Two leagues by their atColla-pillas, who are diftinguifhed reduced tachment to the French; they are now fmall number; their true name is Aqueto a very the nation who hear-and iee. lon Pilass that is, meet with the Oumas, who adore the Next you with moft of the others in fun. This nation, Being reAmerica, believes, that the Supreme fides in the fun, and that be defres to be revered in that vivifying orb, as the author of nathere is nothing here that can ture: they fay, and that this wonder by be compared to him, joy and abunenlightening the earth, fpreads it thefe principles they Wordance on Upon of the greatnels fhip him, as the vifible image condefcends to and goodnefs of a deity, that diftributmake himfelf known among men, by ing his benefactions amongit them. Fifteen who was atthe bâttle of Pultava * Itis Mr. Arinflourg, XII. This old officer is the head of in 1709, with Charlcs eftablified in Louifiana. a numerous family --- Page 47 --- L: O U I S I A N A Fifteen leagues above the Oumas, in going up the river, you arrive at the Cut point. This place is about forty leagues diftant from Ne Orleans. The foil of it is very fertile, and COvered with fruit-trees: There are a number of Frenchmen in this part of the country, who apply themfelves-to the culture of tobacco, cotton, rice, maize, and other corn 5 the colonifts likewife tradc in building-timber, which they carry down the river to New Orleans upon rafts. Upon the left fhore of the river, a little above the Cut-point, you fee the village of the Tonikas, an Indian nation who have ever been attached to the French. Their chiefs have always exerted themfelves to. be our allies in war; the laft of them, who was very, brave, recéived a dangerous wound in an cxpedition againft the Natches: the King, on receiving an account ofthis affair, honoured him with a commiflion, as brigadier of the armies of red men; and further prefented him with a blue ribbon, f.om which hung a filver medal, with a reprefentation of Paris: he likewife received a gold-headed cane. After the maffacre of the French by the Natches, whereof I intend to give you an account in its place, a part of that nation pretended to be defirous of making peace with the D 2 grand ition againft the Natches: the King, on receiving an account ofthis affair, honoured him with a commiflion, as brigadier of the armies of red men; and further prefented him with a blue ribbon, f.om which hung a filver medal, with a reprefentation of Paris: he likewife received a gold-headed cane. After the maffacre of the French by the Natches, whereof I intend to give you an account in its place, a part of that nation pretended to be defirous of making peace with the D 2 grand --- Page 48 --- THROUGH - TI TRAVELS chief of the Tonikas: the latter commugrand of the, nicated this to the commander-general attached; French, to whom he was very much the anfwer, and affafinated the Natches prevented with their grand chicf; the; Tonikas, beginning feared our. advice and our his: enemies, who : made hafte to ruin and deftroy a great a forces, We fhall always lament, number of his fiubjedts: the lois of a together with thefe good Indians, to 6 would do honour ls man, whofe great qualities 2 1 to montsio a. civilized nation. 1 a0 30T3 bogtoil ile - 57 to EE from the ca- wis Afteri cighty leagues navigation of the we arrived at the polt pital of Louifana, about twenty years ago, was Natches, which, at confiderable, but is very infignificant very prefent. B 1mncm VL eminence, which The fort is fituated on an from which it is commands the river Mullfippi, The about the diftance oft ba cannon - fhot. which in this country is always rifing ground, if it would be one 1 of the moft fertile, higher, 0 cotton, and maize were cultivated ; 5 tobacco, - 10 u0a 003 1 fucceed very well in' it. parmt robontt rd Iwel 03 nrgpd Agud Sils yt ani at this poft, which 3 Ihave made fome ftay -3 a naroral commanded by the Chevalier d'Orgon; nuons fon - ImbNe Tialt Li slantr arauond a 11 uitlute --- Page 49 --- L U IS A N A. fon of the Prince de bo 37. Lorrain. Lambefe, of the houfe of SW mod 2X : a inr 3940 1 W oir The Natches, who lived here very confiderable nation. formerly were a villages, that They formed feveral and thefe laft were, under fome péculiar chiefs ; the whole again, obeyed one grand chief of nation. All thefe bore the name of Suns: ; there were five hundred princes of all relations of the great Sun, their them, reign, who carried on his breaft common fovethe fun,, from which he the image of origin, and which pretended to trace his was adored under the name ofWachil, which fignifies the great fre or preme Fre. the/ie The manner in' which the Natches rendered divine fervice to the fun, has in it. The high-prielt fomerhing folemn and marched got up before at the head of thé fun-iining, grave pace, and the calumet of people with a he fmoked in honour peace in hand; firft mouthful of the fun, and blew the of fmoke towards him. On the appearance of that luminous body, all the ftanders began to howl bys priefts, and by turns after the hightended. contemplated it with their arms exto heaven. Then: they threw on. the ground; and their women themfelves brought their D 3 children, at the head of thé fun-iining, grave pace, and the calumet of people with a he fmoked in honour peace in hand; firft mouthful of the fun, and blew the of fmoke towards him. On the appearance of that luminous body, all the ftanders began to howl bys priefts, and by turns after the hightended. contemplated it with their arms exto heaven. Then: they threw on. the ground; and their women themfelves brought their D 3 children, --- Page 50 --- TRAYELS THROUOH 38 9n them to, kcep in, a devout childrens and taught attitude, a harvefk-time, - which happened in About their cclebrated a great fcait. They, July, the Natches their faccss and did not began. with blacking after, noon, having previoul éat till threc hours in the baths, the oldcft ly purified themiclves then offered to their deity the man in the nation fruits of their crops. DIP frit - in which they kept UP an They had a temple took great. care to eternal. fre : the priefts only ferve its and for this purpole wood they of were one kind of lowed to make ufe of the all the fre was cxtinguithed, tree ; if unhappily in: the greateit confternation, the pcople, werer priclts were, punithed with and the negleéfal event happened very fcldeath: but fuch an this celeltial fre could doms for the kcepers of common L fre under calily renew it, by fetching calumetsa for thcy preiext of lighting cheir the holy fre for that were not allowed to. employ ufe. - aE - ae died, he was accompa: When their fovercign his wives, and by feveral nied in the grave by, leffer Suns took, care to of his fubjects. The. the law likewife confollow the fame cuftom; demned --- Page 51 --- S.I A N A. - L-OUI - who 2 had mardemned every Natchéz to death, the blood of the Suns, as foon.as. ried a girlof I muft tell fhe was expired. On this occafion, the hiftory of an Indian, who was no ways' you to don thislaw : his name was Et willing to fubmit alliance with the teaeal; he contraéted an Suns : but the confequences.swhich this honour brought along with it, had like to have provedo unfortunate to him. His wife fell fick; as very foon as he faw her at the point of death, he fled, embarked on a piragua on the Milffppi, and came to New Orleans. He put himfelf under the proteétion of M. de Bienoille, the then govérnor, and offered to be his huntfinan. The Governor accepted his fervices, and interefted himfelf for him with the Natches, who declared that he had nothing more to fear, becaufe the ceremony was paft, and he was accordingly no 1E longer a lawful prize. - N Elteadleal, being thus affured, ventured to return to his nation'; and, without fettling them, he made feveral voyages thièher: among he happened to be there when the Sun, called the Stung Serpent, brother to the great Sun, died; he was a relation of the late wife of Etteatteal, and they refolved to make him pay his debt. 1 M. ide Bieruille had been recalled to France, and the fovercign of the Natches Stiadl 4 D 4 3 -. 3 thought being thus affured, ventured to return to his nation'; and, without fettling them, he made feveral voyages thièher: among he happened to be there when the Sun, called the Stung Serpent, brother to the great Sun, died; he was a relation of the late wife of Etteatteal, and they refolved to make him pay his debt. 1 M. ide Bieruille had been recalled to France, and the fovercign of the Natches Stiadl 4 D 4 3 -. 3 thought --- Page 52 --- TR AVELS THROUGH thought, 1e that the proteétor's abfence had annul: led the reprieve granted to the proteôted pers and accordingly, he caufed him to be arfon; refted. As foon as the poor fellow found. himfelfin the hut of thice grand chicf of war,, rogether with the other viétims deftined to be facrificed the Stung Serpents he gave vent to the excels to The favourite wife ofthelate Sun, of his grief: and who faw. who was likewife to be facrificed, for her death with firmnefs, the preparations her hufband,. and feemed impatient to rejoin faid hearing Etteadeal's complaints and groans, Art thou no warrior ? He anfwered, to him, However, faid fhe, thou cryYes, Iam one. 12 and as that is the cafe, eft, life is dear to thee; with it is not good that thou fhouldit go along with the women. Etteateal. replied,. us, go a it would. be well if I; True, life is dear to me; walked yet on earth till to the death of the great and Twould die with him. Go thy way, Sun; the favourite, it is not fit thou fhouldit go faid and that thy heart fhould remain be: with us, away, and let-me hindion earth 5 once more.get Lraiti 28 bro fee thee no more. - Tia rut 1h 2 2 s0 dunA - a aesdy siynant canl Enteadieal did not ftay to have this order re : to him ; he difappeared like lightning: peated two of which were his rela- a three old women, and tions,, offered tox pay, his debt; . their age N aNOt Sns amoiunt their 38e an Thaido hi aiatamnel des ool an once more.get Lraiti 28 bro fee thee no more. - Tia rut 1h 2 2 s0 dunA - a aesdy siynant canl Enteadieal did not ftay to have this order re : to him ; he difappeared like lightning: peated two of which were his rela- a three old women, and tions,, offered tox pay, his debt; . their age N aNOt Sns amoiunt their 38e an Thaido hi aiatamnel des ool an --- Page 53 --- LOU ISI A N Ce their infirmitics had dilgufted them of life; of them had been able to ufe their none great while. The hair of the legs for, a lated to Etteabeal, two that were. res of were no more gray, than thole women of fifty-five years in France. other old woman was a hundred and The, years old, and had twenty; a 2 very white hair, which is a, véry uncommon thing among the none of the three had a Indians:, quite wrinkled fkin: They were difpatched in the door of the Stung evening, one at the Serpent, and the on the place before the * othertwo upde S 3, temple à The generofity of thefe women life again, acquired him the gave Etteatleal and cleared hishonour, degree of confidered, which he had fullied fearing death. He remained by time;" and, taking quiet after that learnt advantage of what he had. during his ftay among the French, he came a juggler, and made ufe of his beto impofe upon his countrymen knowledge +. V The # A cord is faftened round their necks and cight men of their relations with a flip knot, four one way and four the ftrangle them, by drawing but as they acquire other; ; fo many are not neceffary, nobility by fuch always more than are wanting, and the exccutions, there are ed ini an inflant, operation is performt The jugglers in this of priefls, phyficians, and country perform the funétions tend to pafs for forcerers, fornune-tellers, and chiefly pre: --- Page 54 --- TRAMELS L tirouon 42A they. made after this exccution, The: morning for, the cbhvoys and the.hour every thing ready mafter of. the ceremonics being come, the door great of the hut adorned fuirably appeared at the: victims who.were to accomtor his quality 5 the the manfion of the pany the deccafed princeinto confifted. of the faIpirits, camer forths they. ofs his fecond wife, vourite wife ofthe deccaled, his hired man, his chancellor, his phylicians and of fome okt women. thât is his firftfervant, -020A an ND GAR went tene to the great Sun, with The favourite feveral Frenchmen, to take whom there were arders for. the Suns of leave of hima (he Eave children to appear, and both fexes that were her to.the following effedt: fipoke rois siwe ipnin is the day on which I am to B.tt Children, this arms, and to follow 6, tear. mylelf from you: who waits for me in the syour father's fteps, if I were to yield to c country of the dpiritss injure my. love, and fail I would sei tears,. for by 5 your Thave done enough < in my duty; heart, and t fuick < bearing you next to my, You that are de: with my, breaits, ce ling you his blood, and fed by my milk, that c fcended of tears? Rejoice rather S ought you to Abed warriors; you are bound to < you are Suns and and valour to the e Eive cxamples, b3 of frmne/s 32 312 97 cc' whole and fail I would sei tears,. for by 5 your Thave done enough < in my duty; heart, and t fuick < bearing you next to my, You that are de: with my, breaits, ce ling you his blood, and fed by my milk, that c fcended of tears? Rejoice rather S ought you to Abed warriors; you are bound to < you are Suns and and valour to the e Eive cxamples, b3 of frmne/s 32 312 97 cc' whole --- Page 55 --- A N A. L. 001S1 my childreny I have pro6 whole nation: go, you < vided for all your wants, by procuring father, and thofe of your < friends; my friends, amidft them 3 c are yours too; I leavé you < they are the French, they are tender-hearted of make worthy 6s yourfelves and generous, from your < their efteem, by not degenerating and never always act openly with them, € race; them with meannefs. < implore Cute U 53, added fhe, turning < And you Frenchmen, *Irecommend my herfelf towards our officers, will know no < orphan-children to you; they 4 other fathers than you ; your ought to proteét Hot 6 them?" - and, followed by her After that fhe got up; hulband's hut, with a troop, returned to her A furprifing firmnefs. noble woman came to join herfelf to the A of victims of her own accord, being ennumber fhe bore the Stung Set: gaged, by the friendthip the other world. The pent, to follow him into on acEuropeans called her the haughty lady, her count of her majeftic deportment, and the air, and becaufe fhe only frequented proud of the moft difinguithed Frenchmen : company becaufe She had the they regretted her much, know- --- Page 56 --- TR A VEILST THROUGH with which thel knowledgeiof feveral fithples, fick. This" faved.the lives of many ofi our had with grief and moving fight filled. our people rofe The favourite wifcof the deceafed horror, toshemwiths a fmiling countenance: up,and fpoke fear," : faidi fhe; cC gtief does not eI dic without: hours, Ie récommend my ceembitter: my laft whenever you fee them, 4 children to. yous remember that you have 6 noble Frenchmen, and that he was till death c loved their father, nation; whom 4 a true, and fincere friend of your of d than himfelf: The difpofer c he loved more and I mhall s life has been pleafed to call-him, thall tell him that I < foon and join him 5 I go hearts movedi 3 at a the fightr of < have feen. your we Thall be 1E < his corps : do not be grieved; fpirits thani aT < longer friends in the country sefthel *20) becaufe we do not die there again se heres dodl 13 34 WI Ims forced - tears from the eyes of all 14 Thefe words to do; all they the French ; they were obliged Sun from killing himcould to. prevent the.great the death of his felfs for he was incanfolable at brothers 100 ! for. the ceremony,. they made ithe" A * At the hour intended tobacce, in order tol viftims fwallow: little balls or pills.of to take the fenfation of: 1 a - make them. giddy, and as it were wereall frangled, and put pain from, them; after that they. wifeion the unt (Y the farourite on the sight, the other BO pse npcn the others according to. their rank: anchuna lcfty. Sia anfolable at brothers 100 ! for. the ceremony,. they made ithe" A * At the hour intended tobacce, in order tol viftims fwallow: little balls or pills.of to take the fenfation of: 1 a - make them. giddy, and as it were wereall frangled, and put pain from, them; after that they. wifeion the unt (Y the farourite on the sight, the other BO pse npcn the others according to. their rank: anchuna lcfty. Sia --- Page 57 --- LOU IESTITA N FAT brother, upon whom he was ufed Cto lay the weight of govemnment, he being war of the Natches: ine. gréat chief of armies; that prince Generaliffimo ofitheir ance he met gréw furious by the refia4 withgi he held his gun by the bar2w relrand the Sun, his prefumptive by the lock, and catifed the heir, held it the pan : the hut was: full of powder to fall out of Honeurables * whowere all Stiris, Nobles, and French raifed their fpirits trembling: but the arms again, by hiding all the belonging to: the fovereign, and barrel of hiss filling the gun with water, that it unfit for ufe for fome time. inmig n9ad might aki 01F be Juds midl ile BeD I fsprt itiop bns & nocl 1 As foon as the Suns faw their in fafety, they thanked the fovereign's life 73 ing their hands, but French, by - qqueez profound filence without "peaking, a' moft 22 reigned p and awe kept in bounds the throughour, for gricf prefent. 3y9 sHlt moe 27E9t boowt multitude AtOw that dad7 were 7ait Ale ohor begiido A0VI yoiz domnLocs The wifel of the great Sun was feari durings this tranfaction. feized wich She was st nadaund afked whether *The eftablifhed diftinations as follows: The. Suns, relations of among the thefe Indians were higheft rank; next came the Noblés; after great Sun, held the rabies; and laf ofall, the common them the Honomuch defpifed.. people, who were very a men, this contributed As-the-mobility much was propagated by the Wo aqm to' multiply it. feari durings this tranfaction. feized wich She was st nadaund afked whether *The eftablifhed diftinations as follows: The. Suns, relations of among the thefe Indians were higheft rank; next came the Noblés; after great Sun, held the rabies; and laf ofall, the common them the Honomuch defpifed.. people, who were very a men, this contributed As-the-mobility much was propagated by the Wo aqm to' multiply it. --- Page 58 --- : THROUGH TRAVELS ille and he, anfwered alouds fhei was lower voice,. 3 whether andaddedy with a cc, Yeslams" out of this hut, my, hufcc if the Erenchmen.go the Natches will die with and all c band dies, brave Frenchmen, becaufe c him; ftay then, as arrowss beln; as. powerful what C words,are to do - a your who could have ventured friends tya < fides, Butyou are his true < have donel obliged mes S1 you of his brothers" Theirlaws the < and thole her huiband in Suni's wife to follow. of her fearss LN 7 the great doubtlcfs the caufe this was the French, on grave: likewife the gratitude towards of his life, 116 and themfclves in behalf who interefted te the in above-mentioned prompted her to fpeak manner. his hand to the officers, vate The great Sun gave my heart is fo Vr and, faid to them: c f1 My friends, that, though my um with gricf, that 66, notice LA overpowsred not taken 3t1 < eyes were open, I have all this while, nor : been ftanding the ce you have fit downa but pardon 46 havel Lafkadyou.so à (Bur 4 excels of myaliaion" him, that he had no The Frenchmen, told to leave- - cf exculess that they were ceafe going to be his need alone, but that they would the fires him orders to light friends unlefs he gave again --- Page 59 --- LTOVU I-S AA N A. before them, and-that N again * lighting his own his brother was they fhould not leave him till buried. à He took all the Frenchmen by the hands; and faid, < Since all the chiefs and noble officers Iwill a c will have me ftay on earth, I wvill do ity PLU <c not kill mylelf; let the fires be lighted again ba <6 immediarely, and P11 wait till death joins me pala old; and till I < to my brother's I am already < die I fhall walk with the Frénch ; had it not - < been for them, I fhould have gone with my a < brother, and all the roads would, have been à - c covered with dead bodies." EIs > LO L This prince only furvived the Stung Serpent and his nephew fucceeded him. The one year, - reign of that young prince proved very unfortunate to the colony. You Thall fee, Sir, by the fequel of this letter, that the calony owes its fafety only to the mother of this. fovereign ; fhe got from him the fecret of the general confpiracy whom the loved very much.i againft our: nation, 1 e Imuft do juftice to the: Indians'; the projedt which they formed of deftroying ail the Frenich ka here, all the frcs, : The great Sun had given orders toputont which is oniy done at the death of the fovercigns. by the fequel of this letter, that the calony owes its fafety only to the mother of this. fovereign ; fhe got from him the fecret of the general confpiracy whom the loved very much.i againft our: nation, 1 e Imuft do juftice to the: Indians'; the projedt which they formed of deftroying ail the Frenich ka here, all the frcs, : The great Sun had given orders toputont which is oniy done at the death of the fovercigns. --- Page 60 --- TRAYELS THROUGH e not the refult of natural inconftancy here, was it was the bad conduct of anor fickle temper; infulted a' people whom he ought officer, who that roufed their anger. to have treated gently, peaceably in the country.. Free born men, living fettled, could not bear the where their anceftors exercifed over them, which the ftrangets The: tyranny to fettle amongft them. - who were come commandant of the poit of the Sieur de Chepar, the efteem of the Natches, negleôted to gain under his care 5 he abu-i French, and the Indians enter into his criminal fed thofe who would not moft important pofls conduét, and trufted the who were entirely deand corporals to ferjeants You can eafily conceive, Sir, voted to him. was entirely fubvert: that the military. difcipline which are fo conof this kind, ed by preferences trary to fubordination. the fecond officer, made remonM. Datonts not attended tO; and to Brances, which were other anfwer than by putting which he gave no foon as he was fet at liberty, him in irons. As to lay his complaints he went down to the capital of Lowifiana before M. Perrier, then governor account of his was recalled to give M. de, Chepar be but his intrigues conduét; he was to broken, he was acquitted and his patrons ferved him, and fent back to his polt. Inftead --- Page 61 --- t-0" U IS I A. : Inftead of being corrected by - this mortification, he conduéted himfelf as before, and be: came the object of deteftation and abhorrence of both the French and Indians; he irritated the. R latter, and forced them to come to the moft 05 violent extremities. M. de Chepar, defirous Gf making his fortune in a fhort time, the Sun of a e village çalled the Apple, fummoned to retire with his people, and to leave him the ground which he occupied, becaufe he wanted to make himfelf a habitation on it, which fhould turn out to good account. The Cacigite reprefented to him, that' the bones of his anceftors were repoled there : his remonftrances proved ufelcs, the" French commandant ordered the Great Sun to caufe the village to be evacuared, and 11 even de threatened to fend bim loaded with irons to New Orleans in cafe of non- compliance. Perhaps this officer thought, he could treat the chief as a flave; he did not reflect, that he fpoke to a man accuftomed to command, and whofe authority was delporic over his fubjedts. s - 54 84 tort - Thel Great Sun heard him, and retired without fhewing any pafion ; he affembled his council, where it was refolved, that M. de Che- t par fhould be told, that before they could evacuate the Apple village, they muft makethe plan - of another, and that this required two moons tiie. 2 sarS VoL. I. E This reflect, that he fpoke to a man accuftomed to command, and whofe authority was delporic over his fubjedts. s - 54 84 tort - Thel Great Sun heard him, and retired without fhewing any pafion ; he affembled his council, where it was refolved, that M. de Che- t par fhould be told, that before they could evacuate the Apple village, they muft makethe plan - of another, and that this required two moons tiie. 2 sarS VoL. I. E This --- Page 62 --- TRAVELS THROUGH notified to the goverThis refolution was and threatwho fent back the meffirigets, if the nor, them with the fevereft punifliments; his hands ened of the Apple was nct put.in anfwer was village This 12 within a very Mhort term. where the old men were to the council, time, during brought that they ought to gain means of of opinion, confult upon: the which they mhould troublefome Atrangets, who getring rid of thele As they knew to become tyrants. to were' going be very felfth, they agreed M. Ge Chepar to. them a delay offeveral propbfeir to him, to grant each hut was to give him months, during which in game, and tribute in Indian corn Or maizc, made a The avarice of the governor in furs. he accepted the propohim fall into the fnare however 5 that he only did fition, but pretended whom he loved order to oblige the nation, with the it in of their conftant friendhip on, account Great Sun was not impofed upon his French. The diintereflednes: he ordered by this artful and informed them, that council to méet again, had been granted, and the term they had defired hould make good ufe that it was necefiary they of rid of a confider of the means getting ofit, above all of the tyrannical heavy tribute, and He obferved, that domination of the French. inviolable fecret, required an deal of fuch an enterprize above all, a great folid meafures, and, cunning * --- Page 63 --- L. O U I - N A: cunnings he recommecndedVic'kol them; that théy fhould in the mean whileincreafe 019 the. proofs of confidence and friendltip to the French ; reAeét upon what was to be done, S' and return to the council as foon as they had hit upon fome projeét which might be attended with certain fuccels. During five or fx days the nobles and old men confulted with each other; and met agairi unanimoufly refolved to deftroy all the French: The oldeft man, in the council, having faluted Ti his chief, fpoke to the following efieét: c We have long experienced;, that the neigh- & bourhood of the French does us more harm < than good 3 we old men perceive it, but our N t6 youths do not fee it; the European goods tc pleafe the young pcople, but of what fervice kc are, they ? They feduce our wives, corrupt a the manriers of the nation, debauch our girls, ct and make them proud and idle. The young 65 men are in the fame cale; the hufbands muft < over-work themielves, merely to' fatisfy the 46 luxury of their wives. Before the French :6 came into thefe countries, we wére meni we - 66 were contented with what we had; we walk- - ed boldly on all the roads, becaufe ve were S6 our own mafteis; but now we caly go by E 2 44 groping, nation, debauch our girls, ct and make them proud and idle. The young 65 men are in the fame cale; the hufbands muft < over-work themielves, merely to' fatisfy the 46 luxury of their wives. Before the French :6 came into thefe countries, we wére meni we - 66 were contented with what we had; we walk- - ed boldly on all the roads, becaufe ve were S6 our own mafteis; but now we caly go by E 2 44 groping, --- Page 64 --- TRAVELS S THROUGH finding thorns in our c groping, for fearlof and fuch we Aall 6 way; we go like flaves, fuch already. c6. foon be, fince they ufe us as c6 As foon as they thall have power enough; will in bounds, they, c they will no longer keep their chicf, threat- €6 load us' with irons; : has not and is < ened to offer that indignity to ours; . to Navery, 9:2" dos aalt 66 not death preferable AR an 1090X and, after, taking" Here the orator paufed; breath, continued as follows : 345 1o51t4 un T V L 11 ? Shall we fuffer 661 What Thall we wait for to till we can no longer. 6 the French multiply will the other nations fay cc refift them? What fenfible among- <of us ? We pafs for the molt reafon,to. men and they will have c6, the red t leis fenfe than other people, xclfay that we have ? Let us fet our- <. Why fhall we wait longer fhew that we are cc felves at liberty, and let us We muft begin this day, to pre66 true men. mutt order our wives to get c pare forit; we without telling them the 66 victuals in readinefs, 11 Cc reafon. bal al Murii A to po1 has taught thefe favages to rcfpedt their * Nature alone c6, the red t leis fenfe than other people, xclfay that we have ? Let us fet our- <. Why fhall we wait longer fhew that we are cc felves at liberty, and let us We muft begin this day, to pre66 true men. mutt order our wives to get c pare forit; we without telling them the 66 victuals in readinefs, 11 Cc reafon. bal al Murii A to po1 has taught thefe favages to rcfpedt their * Nature alone t0 fovereign, and to cherifh fiberty. bnu misia nele la : : to diftinguith tiem. t Thus the. Indians call themfelves, whitey and.from sheA-] feives from the Europeans whorare meg ficans who are black. U : 12 Imih 19 10012 a0 C --- Page 65 --- BUNOSAT O L.OU. IS A V A. s.réafon, Let ts bring the calumet 333 of. 977 peace to ccallthe nations of this, country, and tell them e6. that the French ftrive to e fubdue this whole c continent; and that, as they. are, C6 our neighbourhood fronger in c Thall be than any where elfe, we the firft whom they will 66 their load with yoke. As foon as they thall have <6 cient forces, they will load all the other fuffi- < tions with it; let us convince them how naCc it is their intereft to this much <6 which prevent misfortune, cannot be avoided but by 6 them; let all the nations exterminating < join us in this undertaking; let us deftroy the French <c where on the fame day, and at the fame every' 66. let the time of the maffacre be that of the hour; 66 piration of the term their chief: has exCC us:" thus we can free ourfelves from granted the tri66 bute which we have c thus the victuals laid.on ourfelves $ * and : which, we < come into brought them, will our poffeflion again : On: that 66 day of liberty our warriors thall, have great 66 fire-arms with them; the Natches fhall their 66 among the French, there fhall be.t three fpread <; four of us in each houfe to, one or 66 tliey Thall borrow fire-arms and, Frepchman; <6 of them, under ammunition - pretence of a Cc general chace on account of fome great feaft, "and 66 promife to - bring back fome : they * mhall 66 guns fired near tie houfe of the game. Some governor of E 3 66 the Natches fhall their 66 among the French, there fhall be.t three fpread <; four of us in each houfe to, one or 66 tliey Thall borrow fire-arms and, Frepchman; <6 of them, under ammunition - pretence of a Cc general chace on account of fome great feaft, "and 66 promife to - bring back fome : they * mhall 66 guns fired near tie houfe of the game. Some governor of E 3 66 the --- Page 66 --- S CN TEROUOH ELl R A V EL to fail 54, Shall be the fignal for them all the 9 the fort, In order to make na- < upon the Erench. of this blows the other e advantage we can they, muft make the fecond uss at their fe c tions muft of. the Frenchmen muft 4 fame maffacre be fare of that, we si veral fationss to of rods, containing an < make fome. bundles, each of them a bundle; number, give of the' E equal let them tzke notice e andi- keep one 5 arc to wait : every - morn- < number of days they in picces and thrown one: rod muft be cut be but one tec ing and when there. will it e intoi the fire, the is come; the time of flaughter of the day, (i.e. 4 left, atthe frft quarter fhal! fall < muftabegin in the morning): we mhall be 6S atnine olciock all at once 5 they are < upon our tyrants all fides; and when they e overwhelmed on wili be an eafy matter to it us that c once deftrioyed, from fettling among 66 prevent thofe acrofs the great from the old continent, before all 6 come muf be recomnended the c6 lake. It drawing a rod from to be exactin can have 66 things, the leaft miftake days charge 6 bundle every we fhall adangerous conieqpencesi and we muft beg our 6 fome wife man with it, us. mliel 21 6 neighbours to imiate - ahum and the old men Here the orator gave over, the Sur of the Apple of his propolals village approved --- Page 67 --- L 0 U I S I A N A. village applauded above all; he was the, moft e hurt by the injuftice of M. de Chepar; his pri: vate revenge would accordingly be the moft-fatisfied, he feared to fee it fail, and therefore reprefented to the council the confequences ofindifcretion, and even engaged them to keep the fecret of this conipiracy from the female Suns *: It now remained to make the grand chief of the Naiches enterinto their fcheme;" notwithftanding the great defire he had to be rid of the French, the projeét feemed too violent to him ; the Sun of the Apple took upon himfelf to determine him toit; he was reckoned a man of fenfe and penétration, and on that account was in great repute with the nation : he fucceeded; he remarked to the great Sun the neceffity of this. meafure, by telling him what he had to fear for himfelf; the French governor of the fort had threatened him, that he would foon drive him from his village; the great Sun was young, and confequently a weak man, he that fpoke to him was a cunning one, the defign was approved of: the next morning, when the Suns came to fahute their fovereign, they received orders to go E 4 to * The Indians have two words to denote male and female Suns, (after the manner*of the Englifh words prince, princefs) which the French author has heppily expreffed by Soleiland Soleilles threatened him, that he would foon drive him from his village; the great Sun was young, and confequently a weak man, he that fpoke to him was a cunning one, the defign was approved of: the next morning, when the Suns came to fahute their fovereign, they received orders to go E 4 to * The Indians have two words to denote male and female Suns, (after the manner*of the Englifh words prince, princefs) which the French author has heppily expreffed by Soleiland Soleilles --- Page 68 --- TRAYELS THROUGH the village of the Apple, under fome pre: to without raifing,any fufpicion that tence or other, of fome orders they went thither in purfuance The feducing this, was executed as required. attracted thern genius of the Sun.of the Apple into the conall, and they all promifed to enter. A. council of Suns and old menéwas ipiracy. formed $1 the project was propofed immediately and carried unanimoullys the old there again, ambaffadors to the other men were appointed they had warriors to, accompanyshem, nations ; under pain of death to and it was forbidden They fet out imipcak of this to:a any perfon. unknown torthe mediately all at once, and French. the profound fecret that was Notwithftanding the common pcopie was keptameng the Natches, old men unealy at the counçils of Suns 2 and noble that had been held; itis not uncommonin endéavour every in the world, to fee fubjeéts . country, the fecrets of the court. However, to penstrate could not be fatisthe curiofity of the people bur,the female Suns (or princefits) fied; none, > in.thisnation to enquire why they had a right fecret from Tthem: The Keps thein procedlings Sun waatibut eighteen of the great awina-wilie cared.very Jitie about insosly sYsars old, and called the Stung Arms mother the female Sun 6 of --- Page 69 --- S I A R7 A. Li OUI and a woman of good fenfe of the fovéreign, of) could take it (which the was not ignorant from her. She ill, that they képt the fecrèt who anfhewed her difcontentinent" to her fon, that the embaffies were fent out for the fwered, alliances with other nations, fake of renewing and with whom they had Iong been at peace, think themfelves defpifed if they who might This difmulated anwere longer negleâted. but fwer feerned to appeafe the Sun Stung Arm, it did not take offher uneafinels; on the contrawhen fhe faw, upon the return Ty it-redoubled, that the Suns affembled in of the ambaffadors, to hear how they had fecret with thofe deputies, whereas fuch councils were genebeen received, rally held in public. vexed at this : What, faid - Tbe prince(s was hide from me what the whole fhe to herfelf, they had not nation ought to know : if her prudence checked her anger, fhe would have given vent it then. It wvash happy for the French that fhe to herfelf thus defpifed; the juftly feared thought the impomibility of coming at the to augment fecrer, if the Jaid open' her difpleafure. Hergethe means of fatisfying her 3. nius fuggefted her the great Sun, her 1 curiolity; fhe prevailed upon who lived her to fee a relation 71 fon, to go with and who fhe had in the village of the Apple, heard it then. It wvash happy for the French that fhe to herfelf thus defpifed; the juftly feared thought the impomibility of coming at the to augment fecrer, if the Jaid open' her difpleafure. Hergethe means of fatisfying her 3. nius fuggefted her the great Sun, her 1 curiolity; fhe prevailed upon who lived her to fee a relation 71 fon, to go with and who fhe had in the village of the Apple, heard --- Page 70 --- TR AVELS THROUGH. heard was very, ill. Under pretence of leading bim, the fnett road, the took him on the longelt, indeed the leaft frequented. She, had which was fhe imagined, that ag00d deal of penetration 5 the motive of this fecret arofe from their cartyto the difadvantage of the ing' on fomething were French, what confirmed her conjectures, which the Sun cf the Apple the preparations Finding herfelf in a folitary place was making ber fon, fhe fpoke to him in the following with. words: mo ce Let us fit down. here, for I am tired, and to fay to thee :" as cc I have likewife fomerhing <6 foon as they were feated; fhe added, Open 66 thy ears to hear me; I never taught thee to 1 told thee, that a liar did not c lie, and I always and that a < deferve to be ranked among men, às 46 lying Sun deferved to meet with the greateft from women; therefore < contempt, and even truth. Tell me c I believe thou wilt tell me Howc then, are not all the Suns brothers? from me, as if lips LC ever, they all keep off my not retain my words; CL were cut off, andlcould in my <6 or doft thou think that I ever fpokc to fee myfelf flighted c ficep. I am in defpair all by thee. brothers, but above 4by my Haft 4 What, art thou not my owil offspring? have I brealt? And c thou not fuckled at my 66 not --- Page 71 --- L OUISI I' A N A. blood? Does not c: not fed thee with my pureft < the fame blood run in our veins ? Couldft wert not fon P Haft < thou be ai Sun if thou my c thou forgotten, that, without my care, thou < wouldft. have been dead long ago? Every told thee, that thou Cc body, and I myfelf have < art the fon of a Frenchman *; but my own Sc blood. is dearer to me than that of ftrangers. <6 I now walk by thy fide like a bitch, without that thou doft c being looked upon ; I wonder s6 not kick me away with thy foot: I am not furthemfelves from c prifed that the, others hide L6 mes but thou, who art my fon, canft thou < doit? Haft thou ever feen a fon miftruft his 6 mother in our nation? Thou art the only S6, one : of that temper. There is fuch an uproar sin the nation, and I am ignorant of the caufe S old art thou of it, - I who am the Sun; c afraid that Ifhould rebuke thee, or make thee c the flave of the French, againit whom you < act? O! Iam tired of this contempt, and sof walking with fuch ungrateful people." The This princefs had, for a long time, loved an officer of pur nation 5 there was no doubt of his being the father of the Sun, and that took off nothing of the refpeet that his great fubjects owed him ; the women gave nobility among them, and they were contented if they were fure of a man's mother, they cared very little to know who was his father. of the French, againit whom you < act? O! Iam tired of this contempt, and sof walking with fuch ungrateful people." The This princefs had, for a long time, loved an officer of pur nation 5 there was no doubt of his being the father of the Sun, and that took off nothing of the refpeet that his great fubjects owed him ; the women gave nobility among them, and they were contented if they were fure of a man's mother, they cared very little to know who was his father. --- Page 72 --- 6o TR A VÉE LS THROUGH Thei fon ofthis Sun was quite Rruck with her Ci difcourfe; 2 he - was moved by it to tears, and with the ufual tranheard thefe remonftrances and with the refpect quility ofra an American, ahfvered her, due to ai princefs's he afterwards ci; Thy reproaches are to the following purport. breaft, and I do not 6 arrows which pierce my thee but haft < think I ever fcorned or' defpited ; - it that the refolves of ce, thou ever heard faid, be revealed 1? <C the council of the old men may C6 Is it not.thes dutyof all men to keep fecrets, : not I to fet L and I who am a. fovereign ought Sun my wife has 66 an example? The great than L not been informed of the fecret any more it is known that I am a 46 thyfelf. Though have not been miftrufted, 46 Frenchman's fon, I that thy great gen K they have well imagined, out the fecret of the councils 4K niusi woul find Sun c but when it was kept from the great my €t wife, was it ft that thou fhouldit beinformed haft it all, CL of it? But fince thou gueffed knoweft Thou i what can I tell thee further?" mouth.7 fo thut thy f6 as much ofit as myfelf, s - faid The, c about whom al < I was dubious," but : <6 youl a were taking fo many precautions have 4 finceiti is againft the French, I fear you well to furprife 66 not taken your meafures deal of. 46 thems: for I know they. have.a great < fenfe, --- Page 73 --- LOU I S I A N A. < fenfe, though the governor of this fation has c loft his; are Ex they brave; they have c in fufficient quantity to,make all the other goods na- a <6 tions act * 3 againft us.. If yourhad ai mind to at- < tack only the, red men, I fhould ( Reep with 66 more fecurity 3 I am no more yourg * ; an 6 old woman's life is a trifle, but thine is dear ( to me. If your old men havé thought it as < eafy a matter to furprife the French as the red' <6 men, they, are - grofsly miltaken; the French 46 have refources, which we have not, thou know. < 'eft they have. the /peaking fiftance é. (i! paper)." d 3 04 e hommikar dit Her fon told her, that fhe had nothing to feat with regard to the meafures which had been taken. After telling her all that I have juft now informed of,, he told her that the bundle of rods was ia the temple, upon the flat piece OF wood (or the table). are - grofsly miltaken; the French 46 have refources, which we have not, thou know. < 'eft they have. the /peaking fiftance é. (i! paper)." d 3 04 e hommikar dit Her fon told her, that fhe had nothing to feat with regard to the meafures which had been taken. After telling her all that I have juft now informed of,, he told her that the bundle of rods was ia the temple, upon the flat piece OF wood (or the table). When the princefs was fufficiencly informed of every particular, fhe pretended to approve of the proceedings ; and, leaving her fon entirely eafys fhe only meditated on the means of ren-' dering this barbarous defign abortive; fhe had . but little time left, for the. day fixed for the 2 maflacre was near, I at hand. 01 This: Her Jover was aiready dead fome time, --- Page 74 --- THROUGH TRAVELS could nct confent to fee all the This woman by the confpiracy French deftroyed in one day undertook to bid of the Natches : fhe therefore for that purpofe them keep upon their guard; who had made ufe of fome Indian girls fhe but fhe commanded them exFrench lovèrs, aéted by her orders. prefsly not to fay that they enfign of the garifon of The Sieur de Macé, received advice by a the fort at the Natches, loved him; the told him young Indian girl who maffacre all the that her nation was to difcourfe, crying, amazed at this French. M. de Macé, anfwers and his miftrefs: her fimple of queftioned fears left him no room to doubt her tender to give M. de the plot : he went immediately him under arreft ofit, who put Clgerintellgence alarm; feven of the inhabitants for giving a falfe the' fame means, COof the fort, infruéted by arms, in' order ming to afk his leave to take up irons; the gowere putin to prevent a furprife, and was vexed treated them as cowards, vernor to infpire him with any that they endeavoured that Thewed fo much miftruft againft 2 nation kept friendfhip: the regularity oftheir payments of he did nôt fulpedt the politics Up his fecurity: de(pifed them, nor' did the Indians 5 he blindly of fo much he: think men of théir kind capable cunning The --- Page 75 --- L O U I'SI A N A. The Sun Sting Arm faw with grief, that her cares for the confervation of the French were ufelefs; fhe was determined to ferve them in ipite oft themfelves; fhe could not preferve them all, aad therefore fhe endeavoured, to leffen the number of viétims as much as pofible ; the fe. cretly went to the temple - The drèw a coupie of rods out of the bundle unnoticed by the priefts; hér intention was to forward the day fixed for the execution of the confpiracy; the forcfaw that the maffacre which would happen at the Natches would foon be fpread far about, that the French who were fettled among the other nations would be informed of it, 'and be upon their guard. That was the only thing that remained for her to do, and fhe fucceeded in it; the Natches found they were come to their-laft rod, without perceiving the impofture; they bolaly began the intended Daughter, in the perfuafion that their allies would act at the fame time. The 28th ofDecember 1729, at cight in the morning, the Indians ipread among the French; fome difcharges of guns, that were to ferve as a fignal, were fred near the door of M.de Chpar's houfe; Only tlie Suns among the women could go into the femple. fucceeded in it; the Natches found they were come to their-laft rod, without perceiving the impofture; they bolaly began the intended Daughter, in the perfuafion that their allies would act at the fame time. The 28th ofDecember 1729, at cight in the morning, the Indians ipread among the French; fome difcharges of guns, that were to ferve as a fignal, were fred near the door of M.de Chpar's houfe; Only tlie Suns among the women could go into the femple. --- Page 76 --- L S THROUGH 64 TRAVET they fell upon the houfe; and immediately time. where at the fame - French every chief faétors of the Weft InMefl. de Rolly, killed firft. M. de Ia Loire dia company, were fome refiftance; his ferdes Urfins houfe made before they were overvants killed eight Naiches himfelf, who juft was powered. M. des Urfins the firft firing of but returned at taking a ride, of Indians : was Rlopped by a troop the guns, bravely, killed four of he defended himfelf very with wounds. This is them, and died pierced coft the Indians: they all that the entreprife thoufand perfons ; only murdered near two efcaped, and twenty-ive or twenty-fix negroes One! hundred and moft of them were wounded. and as many neGfty children, ninety women, in hopes of felling were taken prifoners, groes, them to the Englith in Carolina. the great Suri wàs quictDuring this carnage of the India company's ly fitting under one him frft of all the ware-houfess they brought thofe of the chief head of the governor, theri ordered to be ranged Frenchmen, which he others were put in round the firft. All the and bethe corpfes were not buried, the heaps; of vultures; they cut open came the prey with child, and murdered bodies of women big almoft --- Page 77 --- L. O U.I 5 - I AN A.T 65 almoft all thofe that had childrenat the breaft, becaufe their cries. and.tears importuned thems made all the reft flaves, and treated them they with the. greateft indignity. : a that M. de.Chepar hade Some people. pretend, laft of all, and to be the themisfortune to perith flaughter : he then fpeétaror. of this horrible found, but too late, how wife the advices were that had been given him. The Indians told him, that a dog as he was did not deferve to die hands of warriors: he was given up to by.the fellores 8, who killed. him with artheinking afterwards cut off his head. rows, and Such was the déath of a man who only followhis cruclty, his avarice, arid ed his own head, efcaped from his.ambition. As no Frenchman it cannot be exactly afcertained this maffacre, made the Governor unwhat kind of death they his enemies dergo; it is enough to know, that barbarous whom he had irritated. were a people, would have attached them A good adminiftration from to the French, who drew great advantages thus the fault of one man can draw after them : ruin of a whole colony; one cannot be it the fufVor. I. F the Natches are called Mi- * The common people among ché-Michéqmipi, which fignifies finking fellone. affacre, made the Governor unwhat kind of death they his enemies dergo; it is enough to know, that barbarous whom he had irritated. were a people, would have attached them A good adminiftration from to the French, who drew great advantages thus the fault of one man can draw after them : ruin of a whole colony; one cannot be it the fufVor. I. F the Natches are called Mi- * The common people among ché-Michéqmipi, which fignifies finking fellone. --- Page 78 --- TRAVELS THROUCH cautious in the choice of thofe whq fuficiently into thofe parts, The are to be fent as governors have of Indians, norwichftanding the ideas we them, are not always cafily. managed; politics and wifdom muft neceflarily be employed, in order to obtain their friendmips they will not be offended with impunity, this hiftory is a proof of it; nothing could be better condusted than the plot of the Natcless and how unhappy had it been, without the interpofition of Providence! The Sun Stung Arm was worthy of the acknowledgements, but it is not well greateft known how they have been made to her, The nations who entered into the plot with the Natchas, not knowing the ftratagem by which the ftroke hed been advanced, believed The Chatier nation imathey were betrayed: to gined, that the Natches were unwilling give them. their fhare.of the plunder of the French ; the latter that they had no part and, to convince joined them, in order to jn the conjuration, they chaftife the Natches. Thefe returned the French women and the negroes whom they had taken ; fome time after they, were atracked in their inrrenchments, but cfcaped by the help of a thunder-ftorm, and quitted the country, About a thoufand of them were taken and brought to Orleans, and afterwards fold to the ife of New St. --- Page 79 --- L'OUI S IA N A. St. Domingo. Among thefe prifoners was the Great Sun, his wife, and his mother, who related to the French the above detail of the plot. The Great Sun difowned the maflacre; he faid that his nation had abufed his youth, in order to ftrike this blow : that he had always loved the French; that it was their own chief who had compelled the Natches .to this defperate aétion, by his extortions upon a free nation. The French were contented with his difavowal : they treated him and his mother and wife with" gentlenefs; but as they did not return to their nation, they foon died with grief. Since that time this country is not inhabited : the Natches, being purfued by the French, and being too weak'to refift them, took refuge among the Chicachas , where they found an afylum. We ftill have a fort here, but the colony js far from being, brilliant; the means of eftablifhing it would be to attract other Indians to it. This is all, Sir, which I can relate to: you concerning this part of the country. I fhail now foon leave it, and continue my voyage 5 and I conclude my letter, by renewing to you the proteftations of thofe fentiments which you know me capable of. And am, S I-R, &c. At the Natches, Sept. IO. 1751: F 2 LET. + Chickafaws. js far from being, brilliant; the means of eftablifhing it would be to attract other Indians to it. This is all, Sir, which I can relate to: you concerning this part of the country. I fhail now foon leave it, and continue my voyage 5 and I conclude my letter, by renewing to you the proteftations of thofe fentiments which you know me capable of. And am, S I-R, &c. At the Natches, Sept. IO. 1751: F 2 LET. + Chickafaws. --- Page 80 --- TRAVELS THROUGH - R E T T E R IV. To the Jame. The Author arrives at the Akanzas. Unhappy. Death of the People of Ferdinando Soto. ReHetions on the Folly ef Men who Jeck for a Mountain of Gold. Origin of the famous Dorado. Short Account of the tragic Death of M, de la Salle. S I R, MEXXFTER failing about a hundred and X to the north of the A twenty leagues Ya the Milffippi, without do X Natches, habitation up on the road, we meeting with any famous for their friend. arrived among a nation from fhip for the French, and known formerly of Ferdinando Soto: I fpoke to the expedition who told an old Indian chief of this country, when me, he faw M. de la Salle here in.1682, he difcovered the great river St. Louis, known under --- Page 81 --- L OU I 1e S IA N A. under the name of Milfippi, or, as the Indians it, Melliallepi, which fignifies all the pronounce rivers, or the great river. M. de la Salle paffed by this nation in coming down the river : he made acquaintance with them, and took poffefion of their country in the name of Louis le Grand, of glorious memory*; after fixing the crofs and the arms of France there, he followed the courfe ofthe Mifffippi, which enters into the famous. gulph of Mexico. He took the latitude at its mouth, which he found to be twenty-nine degrees north; he failed up again afterwards to the river of Illinois, from whence he went to Canada, and from thence he returned into France. F 3 On If tyranny, opprefion, and unbridled ambition are fufficient to immortalize a prince, it is certain Lerwis XIV. has aj juft claim to be called great. It was his happinefs to have great minifters in the firft part of his life, in a time, when the greater part of Europe had very few manufactures; but he was weak enough to give ear to the advices feggefted to him by the Jefuits, and a fuperannuated and bigotted miftrefs : this overturned the fyftem of grandeur for which the minifters had laid a good foundation, and Lewis had the misfortune to fee all the rival nations around him grow powerful and rich, by the emigration of his oppreffed Proteftant fubjects, and thus he outlived his own greatnels : his death was the moft fortunate event for Frànce in her weak and exhaufted ftate. F. the advices feggefted to him by the Jefuits, and a fuperannuated and bigotted miftrefs : this overturned the fyftem of grandeur for which the minifters had laid a good foundation, and Lewis had the misfortune to fee all the rival nations around him grow powerful and rich, by the emigration of his oppreffed Proteftant fubjects, and thus he outlived his own greatnels : his death was the moft fortunate event for Frànce in her weak and exhaufted ftate. F. --- Page 82 --- TRAVELS: THROUGH his dif. On his arrival at court, he imparted who ob- 3 Colbert and de Stignelai, covery: to Meff from the. King, imtained for hima commifion which he fhould porting, that all the countries Illinois, andi the difcover, fromi New Bijcay to the be both.French and Indians, that Chould people, fhould be under his orders. in thofe countries, at the fame nation, called Akanzas, It was who fet out after the that Mr. Joutel arrived, with guides to find out death of M. de la Salle, officer whe has This is the only the Milf/ippi, be credited. I left us an account which may abftract ofits think I ought to give you an la Salle in it, will find the hiftory of M.de you and of the end of his unlucky expedition. Soto's voyage, I fhall In regard to Ferdinand hiftory of the' but juft mention, that the general officer, Indies informs us, that this great Weft the conqueft of Peru, afproud and entiched by hands in the blood ter imbruing his facrilegious of the Incas, intended ofthe unfortunate family with the braveft into this country to penetrate fubdue the nations that inhaof his foldiers, to of this river, of which I bit the neighbourhood ; but he didi am going to give you a defcription of this vaft continot know the interior parts to find effeminate he expeéted nent; perhaps nations --- Page 83 --- L O Usi S I nations in it, as im South America; 2 helwas mif taken in bis hopes, part of his people were killed with clubs by the Indians, who flayed the principal officers of his army, and afterwards expofed their fkins on the door of their temple, which fo frightened the Spaniards that they reimbarked immediately for Europe: The hiftorian fays, that Ferdinand Soto died of the thame which the bad fucceis ofthis enter prize had brought on him, in 1543; ; and, fince that time till 1682, this fine country has beca inhabited by no.. Europeans. The fate of M. de la Salle has been no happier than that of Ferdinand Soto. There is no viftue in man which is not blended with fome faults this is generally the fault of human nature; and what incréafes our humiliation, the greateft virtues are ofteni accompanied by the greatelt vices. You will eafily perceive this, Sir, by the fhort extract from M. yoiutel's Journal. M. Robert Cavelier dé la Salie fet fail from Rox chielle the 24th of July 1684, with a iquadron of four fhips, commanded by M. de Beastjeti, a captain of a fhip. Two hundred and cightyF 4 five faults this is generally the fault of human nature; and what incréafes our humiliation, the greateft virtues are ofteni accompanied by the greatelt vices. You will eafily perceive this, Sir, by the fhort extract from M. yoiutel's Journal. M. Robert Cavelier dé la Salie fet fail from Rox chielle the 24th of July 1684, with a iquadron of four fhips, commanded by M. de Beastjeti, a captain of a fhip. Two hundred and cightyF 4 five --- Page 84 --- ATRA VELS UTEROUGH volunteers * together with thirty five perfons, workmen and. a numberof and fome gentlemen, with him. M. de la Salle and girls embarked fhip, in whom he was on board M. de Bearjent's Whatever no manner of confidence. - repoled healways anfwered that officer propofed to him, the of haughtinefs, This is not King's with anair did not take the proper intentions he certainly whofe fteps to intereft a man in his undertaking, affiftance he wanted to make it fucceed. Every began to judge difadvantageone accordingly the chiefs of which feemoufly of an expedition, and time ed to aét by very different principles; has unhappily confirmed it. The 28th of December 1684, the fquadron de of Florida; and M. difcovered the continent about the current la Salle having heard much the eaftward in the Mexican gulph, that fet in to that the mouth of the he made no doubt but error that was Millifippi was far to the weit; an the caufe of all his. misfortunés. Accordingly weftward ; but he advanced very he bore away the fhore from time little, becaufe he went near to three priefts of St. Sulpitius, one of # Among thefe were Chedeville his relation, and them M. de la Sallé's brother, who were to eftablith the Majulte, befides four recollefts, There were likewife two of millions among the Indians. Carvelier fourteen years of age, hix nephews, Mirenget and --- Page 85 --- L OU ISII A N A. and failed along the coaft, to try wheto time, difcover what he fought for. - ther he could not 20e The 2d of January 1685, the fquadron was, pretty near the mouth 1 according to conjeéture, the Ioth and on they paffed - of the Mitfippi; it. M. de la Salle, beby it, without perceiving but perfuaded that the fquadron was juftoping mountains, continued his pofite the Appalachian on fhore. without fending his long-boat voyage fhewed him the mouth It is faid, that people would not fo much as of the river, and that he becaufe take the trouble of getting a certainty, he had taken it into his head, that it could not which was pointed out to him. be the place be nor juftiHis obftinacy could not conquered fied. did not know, or did not think He certainly men in the world have of it, that the greateft for their greateft often been, in part, indebted merit; and that fucceis to people of inferior the advice thofe are the wifeft, who proft by lefs eneven of thofe that are and underftanding dowed than they themfelves. fome hints which the Some time after, upon he wanted to reIndians on the coaft gave him, turn ; not conquered fied. did not know, or did not think He certainly men in the world have of it, that the greateft for their greateft often been, in part, indebted merit; and that fucceis to people of inferior the advice thofe are the wifeft, who proft by lefs eneven of thofe that are and underftanding dowed than they themfelves. fome hints which the Some time after, upon he wanted to reIndians on the coaft gave him, turn ; --- Page 86 --- TRAVEUS TEROUGH but M. de Bectjet refufed, to do him that turns the fame courfe; 5 and favour. They purlued in a few days, came to St. Berei the fquadron, without knowing it.. 1 This bay is nard's bays to the: weftward of the. one. hundred leagues cait anchor there, mouth of the Milfifippis they. and fent the boats upon difcovery, in order to of the place they were in. try to get knowledge fine river, with a bar at the They found a very. there is not. above ten or mouth of it, where made aftwelve feet water. This difcovery was times failing backwards and forwards, ter, many of the council, in and after feveral mectings whenever which nothing was concluded, becaufe any thing, the: other was fure to one propofed oppofe it. M. de la Salle, who believed he was near the Milffippi, and whom M. de Beaujett's prefence conftrained more than it did him any fervice, refolved to land all his people in that place. taken this relolutions on the 2oth of Having he fent orders to the commanderof the February land the heavieft goods, and to fhip La Flute to to be into the river. He intended prego.up. of his orders; but the B fent at the execution and five or fx FrenchMarquis de la Sablonniere, having been. taken by the Indians as they men, walked in the woods, he haftened to free them. He --- Page 87 --- L OU I Si IA N A. He was not yet far from the fhore, when, cafttowards the bay, he faw the Flute ing his eye as to beat manceuvring in fuch a manner againft rocks; his bad luck, fays youtel in his rethe his returning to avoid that lation, prevented -He continued his journey towards misfortune. where his people had been the Indian village, he heard a carried to ; and when he came there, fired. He took this as a fignal to give cannon that the Flute was loft; and his him notice, conjeéture proved true. Thofe who were witneffes to this accident took itto be the effect of a premeditated plainly of M. de St. Aigron, who commanded defign that veffel. This lofs had many difagreeable confequences, as it contained the ammunition tools, and in general all that is necefuten@ls, fettlement. M. de la Salle haftenfary to a new where the fhip was loft, and ed to the place total inaétion. He begfound every body in a his boat and caged M. de Beaujeu to lend him noe, which he obtained very eafily. He began with faving'the crew; next he-got and Aower, afterwards the wine and the powder fhore about thirty bar brandy ; he brought on Flute béen able to rels: had the boat of the alif fettlement. M. de la Salle haftenfary to a new where the fhip was loft, and ed to the place total inaétion. He begfound every body in a his boat and caged M. de Beaujeu to lend him noe, which he obtained very eafily. He began with faving'the crew; next he-got and Aower, afterwards the wine and the powder fhore about thirty bar brandy ; he brought on Flute béen able to rels: had the boat of the alif --- Page 88 --- TRAVEL S THROUGH - affift that of the fhip Le Toli, almoft every thing would have been faved; but that was funk on purpofe, and the night being come, they were obliged to defer the unlading till the next mornSome hours being paft, the wind, which ing. from the fea, grew more violent, and came increafed ; the Flute beating againft the waves of goods the rocks burft, and a quantity the opening, and were carried fell out through at by the fca. This was only perceived away more barrels of wine and break of day; thirty with fome barrels brandy were faved, togcther all the reft full of flower, meat, and peafe: was loft. To increafe the misfortune, they were furrounded on all fides by Indians 5 who, notwithftanding the carc that was taken to prevent their profiting any thing by the general confufeveral things which had been fion, took away wreck. The theft was preferved from the retired with the not perceived till they were They had left feveral of their canoes on booty. fhore, which were feized upon : very. weak the indeed, which coft much more than they reprifals worth. The Indians came at night to take were furprifed thofe who were left their canoes 3 they them afleep, to take care of them, and, finding M. de la Salle they killed two volunteers, whom regretted --- Page 89 --- I A N A.. L OIS much, and wounded his nephew regretted yery and another perion, difSo many misfortunes, one after another, feveral perfons who were tpon the expegufted others, Meff. Doinmaville dition; and, among who were, willing and Mignet, two engineers, the difcourfes of to return to France, to which la Salle's enemies contributed greatly; : for M. de down his conduét, and they never ceafed to cry tax his projeét as a flly and rafh undertaking, refoluHe, on the contrary, never fhewed more warehoufe tion and firmnefs; he conftruéted a takfurrounded with good intrenchments; and it into his head, that the river, in which he ing branches of the pofibly be one ofthe was, might in it. Milffippi, he prepared to go up immediately began a eredting a fort; as They advanced, M. de foon as the work was fomewhat left him le Salle gave Toutel orders to finifh it, of it, and about one hundred the command took the reft of his people, about men: he ànd embarked on the fixty in all, with himfelf, with the refolution of going up as high river, could. Joutel ftayed but a fhort time after as him he in the fort which had been begun 3 every night the favages were roving in the neighbourhood; the French defended themfelves againft them, foon as the work was fomewhat left him le Salle gave Toutel orders to finifh it, of it, and about one hundred the command took the reft of his people, about men: he ànd embarked on the fixty in all, with himfelf, with the refolution of going up as high river, could. Joutel ftayed but a fhort time after as him he in the fort which had been begun 3 every night the favages were roving in the neighbourhood; the French defended themfelves againft them, --- Page 90 --- 78. TRAVELS THROUGH them, but with loffes that weakened them. On the 14th of July, Toutel received an order from M. de la Salle to join him with all his people. ftout men had been killed or taMany good others were dead with faken by the Indians : and the number of fick increafed every tigue, in a word, nothing could be more unhapday 5 M. de la Salles fituation. He. was depy than' but he difimulated it pretty voured with griefs well, by. which means his diffimulation degenerated into a; morofe, obftinacy. As foon as he faw all this people together, he began in good earneft to think: of making a fettlement, and fortifying it. He was the engincer of-] his. own and being always the Grft to put his hand fort, worked as well as he' could to work, every body to follow his example, but to encourage this Nothing was wanting but M. de la Salle had' good-will of the people, At the not. fufficient command of his temper. time when his people fpent. their forces very and had but juft as' much as was with working, live upon, he could not abfolutely neceffary to on himielf to relax his feverity a little, prevail temper, which is never or alter, his inflexible fettlement. It feafonable, and leis fo in a new is --- Page 91 --- LO. U IS I A Nr A. is not fufficient to have courage, health, and svatchfulnefs, to make any undertaking fuccced; many other talents are requifite. Moderation, patience, and difintereftednels, are equally neceffary. Itis ufeful to diffimulate now and then, to prevent making evil worfe. - Gentlenefs is the beft method which every commander can follow. TOIT ra U LAt ab M. de Va Salle punifhed the leaft faults with an unheard-of cruelty 2 and feldom any word of comfort came from his mouth to thofe who fuffered with the greateit conftancy. He had of courfe the misfortune to fee all his people fall into a ftate of languor and defpondency, which was more the effect of defpair, than of excels of labour or fcantinefs ofg good nourifhment, J we. Having given his laft orders at his fort, le refolved to advance into the country, and began to march on the r2th of January 1687, with M. de Cavelier his brother, Moranget and the young Cavelier his nephews, Father Anafatius a Francifcan friar, SToutel, Duhaut, LArchereque de Marnes a German whofe name was Hiens, a furgeon niamed Liétot, the pilot Tefier, Saget, and an Indian who was a good huntfman. I mention them all, becaufe they fhall be fpoie ofin zhe fequel: As the r2th of January 1687, with M. de Cavelier his brother, Moranget and the young Cavelier his nephews, Father Anafatius a Francifcan friar, SToutel, Duhaut, LArchereque de Marnes a German whofe name was Hiens, a furgeon niamed Liétot, the pilot Tefier, Saget, and an Indian who was a good huntfman. I mention them all, becaufe they fhall be fpoie ofin zhe fequel: As --- Page 92 --- VELS THROUGH TRA advanced further into the country, As they and when they were they found it inhabited; the nation of the Cenis, but forty leagues from heard that there was a Frenchman among they Indians. It was a' failor from Lowér Brethofe loft himfelf when M. de la Salle tany, who had this firft came down the Milffppi: poor'wretch been lived among the Cenis fince 1682, having by them. He did not hope to fee Euadopted nothing but chance could procure rope again, of returning thither: Youtel went him the means thofe Indians... He to fetch him from amongft quitted them to be witneis of a crime. only of May, Moranget being on a huntThe r7th as it is faid, abufed ing party, and having, and the furgeon with words Duhaut, Hiens, rid of him Liëtot, thofe three men refolyed to get and to begin with the fervant as foon as poffible, his Indian huntfman who of M. de la Salle, and Moranwas called Nika, who both accompanied and could have defended him. They comgel, and the municated their defign to LArcheveque who approved of it, and defired to pilot Telfier, They did not fpeak take part in the execution. with ofit to the Sieur de Marne, who was them, whom they wifhed to have been able to get and whilft the three unhapaway. The next night, facrifice to their viétims whom they would py revenge --- Page 93 --- L - O visi A N A: 8i revenge flept very quietly, Liétot gave each of them feveral blows with the hatchet on the head. The Indian and the fervant died immediately. Moranget raifed himfelf fo as' to fit upright, without fpeaking a word; and the murderers obliged the Sieur de Marne to difpatch him, threatening to kill him too if he refufed; thus, by making him an accomplice of their crime, they wanted to fecure themielves againft his accufing them. The firft crime is always followed by uneafi, nefs; the greateft villains find it difficult to conquer it: the murderers corceived, that it would not be eafv to efcape the juft vengeance of M. de la Salle, unlefs by preventing him : and this they refolved upon, after deliberating on the means of efeding it. They thought the fafeft way was to meet him, and furprife all that accompanied him, and fo open themfelves a way for the murder which they intended to perpetrâte. So frange a refolution could only be infpired by that blind d fpair, which hurries villains into the abyfs which they dig for themfeives: an unexpected incident became favourable to them, and delivered into their hands the prey which Vor. I. G they unlefs by preventing him : and this they refolved upon, after deliberating on the means of efeding it. They thought the fafeft way was to meet him, and furprife all that accompanied him, and fo open themfelves a way for the murder which they intended to perpetrâte. So frange a refolution could only be infpired by that blind d fpair, which hurries villains into the abyfs which they dig for themfeives: an unexpected incident became favourable to them, and delivered into their hands the prey which Vor. I. G they --- Page 94 --- V ELS TEROUOH 82 TR'A them forsns A river - that feparated inthey fought and which was. confiderably from the çamp, it, kept them two days: creafed fince they paffed frft feemed an 4 obthis retardment, which 2 at the execution facilitated ftacle to their projeé, that his nephew ofits M: de la Salle, wondering of the' two mén that did not return, nor, either and feek them with him, determined to go were that he was uneafy himfelf. It was remarked, and inquired with when he was going to fet out, whether Moranget a kind of uncommon: concern had quarrelled with any one. : pwub and intrufted him with 3. He then called Joutel, ordering him to go the command of his camp, and to light this rounds in it from time to time, him on his fires, that the fmoke might bring lofe his way ; he in cafe he fhould road again, leave to abfent :likewife bid him give no body attended by ihimfelf. He fet out on the 2oth, As he apFather Anapafius and an Indian. the affaflins had to the place where : proached foaring pretty near the itopt, he faw fome eagles that there was fome carplace, and concluded and the confpirators, aion: he fired his gun; guefing that it was who had not yet feen him, their arms in readinefs. -he-who was coming, got and.him: Duhaut The riven was between them and WANAN --- Page 95 --- LoO Uisit A A croffed it; and a fecing M: de andi LArcheveque flowlys they Atopped. Dii la: Sulle advancing with his gun hait hid himfelf in the long gralss little more: : cocked, DArchéveque advanced a after, M. de la Salle knowing him, and a moment was ? He anfwered, afked him wherehis nephew the fame inftant that he was lower down. At the fhot in Dahaut firedi, M.dela Salle received his head, and fell down deada 21 - N was the 2oth of May 1687 that this murW it committed near the Genis. Father Anader was M. de la Salle drop down at his fafius, feeing would not feet, éxpeéted that the murderers other him, though théy fhould have no cfpare in it than to get rid of a witnefs of their view: Duhaut. came néar him to quiet him, C crime: that what they had done was an and told him, had long thought 1. aêt of defpair, and that they who had themfelves ori Morangei, Yof révenging ruin them. Father Amaftafus endeavoured to death; that infornied M. Ca'velier of his brother's told them, that if it was their intengentlemen him likewife, he wiould forgive them tion to kill death before hand, and he only demanded, - his of an hour to prépare him- - as a favour, a quarter that he had nofelf for death: They replied, ofhim. thing to fear,and dhatnobodycomplainel Goute! G 2 Yof révenging ruin them. Father Amaftafus endeavoured to death; that infornied M. Ca'velier of his brother's told them, that if it was their intengentlemen him likewife, he wiould forgive them tion to kill death before hand, and he only demanded, - his of an hour to prépare him- - as a favour, a quarter that he had nofelf for death: They replied, ofhim. thing to fear,and dhatnobodycomplainel Goute! G 2 --- Page 96 --- TRAVELS THROUGH Souicl was not thén in the camp; A L'Archewvegule, whc was his friend, ran to inform him, that his death was certain if he fhewed any refentment of what had happened, or if he preof the authority with. tended to take advantage which M. de la Salle had invefted him. - Toutelswho was of a very gentle temper, anfwered, that they fhould be content with his conduct, and thathe believed that they ought to be pleafed with the manner in which he had hitherto behaved; and then he returned to the camp. As foon as Duhatt faw Toutel, he called out that every one fhould command by to him, turns. He had already taken all the authority into his hands ; and the firft ufe he made ofit,. was to make himfelf mafter of the magazine. He divided it afterwards with LArcheveque, fayto him. There ing, that every thing belonged about thoufand livres worthof goods, were thirty thoufand livres both in and near twenty-five coin and in plate. The affaffins had force and boldnefs on their fide; they had Thewn themfeves capable of the greateft crimes, accordingly they met with no. refiftance at firft. They foon divided, and quarthemfelves; they, found difficulrelled among ties --- Page 97 --- L.O U. 2e I.S,LA N A. ties in dividing the treafure: ; they came to blows, and Hiens fired his piftol at Duhaut's head, who reeled, and 1-fell four yards from the placc where he ftood. At the fame time Rutel the failor, whom Youtel fetched from the Cenis, fred a gun at Liétot. That wretch lived yet feveral hours, theugh he had three balis in his body; fo the two affaflins, one of M. de la Salle, and the other of his nephew Moranget, were themielves the viétims of that fpirit of fury, which they had infpired to this unhappy colony. The Indians knew not what to think of thefe murderers; they were quite fcandalized by them. They were in the righr, and could with more réafon treat thofe Frenchmen as barbarians, than we had to confider them as fuch. Be that as it will, fuch was the tragic death of Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle, a man of abilities, of a great extent of genius, and of a courage and firmnefs of mind which might have carried him to fomething very great, if, with thefe good qualities, he had kcown how to ge: the better of his fullen, morofe mind, to foften his feverity, or rather the roughhels of his temper, and check the haughtinefs with which he treated not only thofe who depended entirely upon himielf, but even his affociates. The moft unhappy thing G' 3 for of abilities, of a great extent of genius, and of a courage and firmnefs of mind which might have carried him to fomething very great, if, with thefe good qualities, he had kcown how to ge: the better of his fullen, morofe mind, to foften his feverity, or rather the roughhels of his temper, and check the haughtinefs with which he treated not only thofe who depended entirely upon himielf, but even his affociates. The moft unhappy thing G' 3 for --- Page 98 --- THROUGH a TRAVELS of this famous man is, that'he for: the. memory body, and that the has not been pitied by.any attended his undertakings fuccels that has - bad the appearance of an adventurer has given him from appearances. thofe who only judge num: among the greateft Unhappily they are commonly the voice of and their voice is, in a manner, with - ber, He has further been reproached with hathe people. advice from any body, and * - never taking affairs by, his obftinacy ving ruined his private this unlucky undertaking; many Thus, ended make it abortiye : it would things confpired to of the wifhed-for fuccefs, at leaft have had part. mouth of the Mimippi if.a a fertlement on the view, as many people had been the only thingin that when M. de thought it was. It is certain, Salle in St. Bernard's Beaujeu abandoned M. de la that he was to the latter foon found out, the Bay, the villainy of the deed of Duhait, # In prder to diminifh that M. d: la Salle had killed feveral young it has been fpréad, hands, and that he had treated. Dukant with his own that it was defpair and revenge pthers in the fame manner : who feared to perifh them- be fo that animated the confpirators, and feverity. One ought to felves by his injaflice one's guard againft fuch calumpiating the faults of :2 much the more upon but too common to increafe tholc which they 201 difcourfes, as it'is and tc attribute to them even the unhappy, really have not. --- Page 99 --- LOU I S., I N A. e 87 the weftward of the river he fought for; if it 2a had been his intention to find it, he might on his frit journey to 3 the Cenis have obrained guides from thole Indians, becaufe they granted. fome in the fequel to Yottel I but he wifhed to come near the Spaniards, in order to take cognizance ofthe mines Of St. Barbara, and to feck likevife a Dorado. - By endeavouring to do too much, he not only did nothing at ali, but made all his people perifh, and perifhed himfelf, and was pitied by nobody. !. Before I conclude this letter, let me add fome refleétions on the folly of men. The avidity of the Spanith captains muft have been very great, as it engaged them to feék for an imaginary Dorado or mountain of gold, whilft the whole country they were in abounded in all G 4 parts of the * The Sieur Toutel found the MilElippi by. means 3W Indians, who brought him to the Akanzas, and from thence Ina into Canada, ; where he arrived, accompanied by one. prieft, a Recollet friar, a foldier, a failor, a colonift, and an Indian, who compofed a ftrange fort of caravan.. They wére all that returned from this expedition. The remains of this unhappy colony perifhed either through the. Indians or through the Spaniards, who took them prifoners, and fet them at work in their mines. by. means 3W Indians, who brought him to the Akanzas, and from thence Ina into Canada, ; where he arrived, accompanied by one. prieft, a Recollet friar, a foldier, a failor, a colonift, and an Indian, who compofed a ftrange fort of caravan.. They wére all that returned from this expedition. The remains of this unhappy colony perifhed either through the. Indians or through the Spaniards, who took them prifoners, and fet them at work in their mines. --- Page 100 --- THROUGH 5 T RAVEILS that metal. This isa proof, that all. parts wishit the world are incapable off fatisfythe treafuresin has once gained the ing man, as foon as avidity empire in his heart. were not contented with the The Spaniards they muft ftill go to difcover a riches of, Perus where the rocks and Dorados that is, a country Indians, in order ftones are all of gold. The and at Aatter the avidity of their enemies, to the fame time to get them out of their country, of the ceafed amuling them with accounts never diamonds, and pearls with which gold, Gilver, Their defire of getting that çountry abounded, induced themto rid oftheir unwelcome guefts, them of the fpare nothing towards perfuading The Spa: exiftence of this pretended country: which they believed thefe accounts, in piards and thisis faid to be the origin were. interefted; which has made fo much of the famous Dorado, noifein the world, current, that, after palling a The report was covered with fnow, ône long chain of mountains exceedingly well peo-. entered upon a vaft plain that every one pled, in which was the Dorado wihed to difcover: Suelada, --- Page 101 --- LOUISEA A N A. brave 5 Quefadas with two' hundredi and ffty foldiers, fet outimmediatelyin fearch of it. On St: yames's day they perceived, from the top: of a mountain, fome vaft plains which refembled a fea ; and when they were defcended to the foot ofvthe mouttain, they built there a town, and called it Scn-Tago, in remembrance of the day on which they"d difeovered the plain ; they likewife furnamed it Las Atalayas *, in order to point out the defign of their jourhey, which was to difcover the Dorado. This town exifts ftill in the place, - which is marked in the maps as a monument which feems to engage pofterity to gosout" upon the difcovery of this unknown treafure. Quefada paffed through the woods of Ayrico with excefiive trouble, and arrived at 4imana in 1543, having loft almoft all his people. d Orellana undertook the fame voyage in that year; he fet out from Perit, defcended the river Maragnon or of the Amazons, came to the coaft, and negleéted nothing towards arriving atthe mountain of gold; but all his pains were ufelefs, and he gained no more honour by the 139 1. underAtalayar fignifies to difcover, or to fpy, in Spanifh : Atalaya, a tower cr fort from whence one difcovers : Las Atalayasis the plural. . d Orellana undertook the fame voyage in that year; he fet out from Perit, defcended the river Maragnon or of the Amazons, came to the coaft, and negleéted nothing towards arriving atthe mountain of gold; but all his pains were ufelefs, and he gained no more honour by the 139 1. underAtalayar fignifies to difcover, or to fpy, in Spanifh : Atalaya, a tower cr fort from whence one difcovers : Las Atalayasis the plural. --- Page 102 --- TRIA VE LaS I THROUGH :9o one than that of having completed undertaking voyages that ever werc of rthe moft-horrible the fame time Philip-de Ure, "heard of.i About alone by this fearing that Quefada would profit of fet out from Coro in the province difcovery, with Aggitos; the Lieutenant Venizuelas together hundred and twenty men ; Velalcazer, and one told him, that moft of the but a Cacique having in the undertakpcople of Quefada had perifhed along the river ing, he went to the fouthward Father, Simon and FaGuabari, and ftopped, as the firft fettlement ther Picdrahata affure us, at But what of Omeguas, in a very bad plight. fake of ! undertake for the gold will not men non mortalia peèlora COAuri Jacra fames, quid gis*? is all this philofophy.- Vn a But to what purpofe makel will'enwhich I intend to here,. The ftay fend a new letter on the.fubjeét able me to you particulars of the politics om of the moft interefting of. the nations who.inand form of government habit this country. I am, S I R, Bcc. At the Akanzas, O8, 29. 1751. dull from a Spanifh author up- : Here follows a quotation proper to omit. F. which we thought en wis fubjest, --- Page 103 --- L U 1S A N A. nolotsh -. MTE L E T T E R V. 35 - To the Jeme. Defcription of the Manners of the Nation ofAkanzas, their Religion and Manner of carrying on Wars the Goodne/s and Fertility eftheir Couniry. S I R, e Hope the defcription I thall give of I this Indian nation, by drawing your Va AX C attention upon their particular character, will convéy a general idea of all the nations of North America: There is indeed very: little difference among them, in regard to their cu= ftoms and their wayrof thinking, and eipecially in regard to a Supreme Being, which in their language they call Coyocopchill, which fignifies the great Spirit,-or the Mafer.of life, The ne/s and Fertility eftheir Couniry. S I R, e Hope the defcription I thall give of I this Indian nation, by drawing your Va AX C attention upon their particular character, will convéy a general idea of all the nations of North America: There is indeed very: little difference among them, in regard to their cu= ftoms and their wayrof thinking, and eipecially in regard to a Supreme Being, which in their language they call Coyocopchill, which fignifies the great Spirit,-or the Mafer.of life, The --- Page 104 --- TRA V E L:S THROUGH 17 live on the banks of a river that The Akunzas it arifes jn New Mexice, and bears their'names Thefe Indians are tall, falls into the Millfippi. fwimmers, veryexpert well made, bravé, good devored to and fifhing, and entirely in hunting which given marks on the French, of theyhaye feveral occafions. a0 ANe 0 U letter, of an old Ifpokes in my preceding faid he had feen M. de man of this nation, who that from la Salle. This good Indian added, efteem that time he conceived a very great the firt nafor thé French; that they were fince that tion. of white men he had feen, and recommended it to his natime he had always never to receive any tion, whofe chief he was, who allics than the French, other. European received at his requeft: in were immediately never would have any thing reality thefe people of the general mafto do with the conjuration the Natches. I facre of the French colony at they muft do thefe good Indians that juflice; at war with the Tchicachas (Chickarè always the Natches a retreat. faws) who gave of the Akanzas is one of the The country the foil of it js fo fertile, fineft in the worlds culture, European thatit produces, withour any wheat, --- Page 105 --- LO a U I SA N A. wheat, all kinds of food; and-good fruit, unknown in France ; game of all kinds,is plentiful there; wild oxen , ftags, roebucks, bears, tygers, The here enumerated animals, we inténd to make better known, by adding the names in Dr. Linneus Sylt. Nat. and Mr. Pennant's Syn. of Quadr, or his Britifh ZooiogyC pan I. WILD OXEN. Bos Bifon, Linn. American OX, Penn. Syn. Osad. 8. : 2. STAGS. Cervus Elaphus, Linn. Stag deer, Pexk. Syn. Quad.49. 3. ROEBUCKS. As it is dubious whether this fpecies is in North America, this is probably the Dama Virginiana, Ray. Syn. Osad. 86,; Or Virginian deer, Penn: Syn. 2sadrup. 51: 4: BEARS. Urfus Arêtos, Linn. Black bear, Penz. Syn. Osad. 190. 5: TYGERS. There are no true rygers in all the new contincnt, and what is called thus muit be. the Cugacurana of. Marcgrave, andRqy. Syn. Quad.169. or Brown cat, Peun. Syn. Qead. 179. 6. LEOPARDS. Felis Pardus, Linn. Panther, Penn. Syn. Ouads P.471. note. Mr. Pennant has proved, from very good authorities, that this fpecies is found in America, contrary to what M. de Bafon fays; ; who, though a very great naturalift, by far fuperior to many who make free with muit be. the Cugacurana of. Marcgrave, andRqy. Syn. Quad.169. or Brown cat, Peun. Syn. Qead. 179. 6. LEOPARDS. Felis Pardus, Linn. Panther, Penn. Syn. Ouads P.471. note. Mr. Pennant has proved, from very good authorities, that this fpecies is found in America, contrary to what M. de Bafon fays; ; who, though a very great naturalift, by far fuperior to many who make free with --- Page 106 --- TRAVELS I THROUGH foxes, wild cats, rabbets, turs tygers, leopards, quailsy kies, grous; pheafants, partridges, wood-pigeons, fwans, geele, buftards, turtles, ducks no is however a man who never departs from an opiwith him, and which he will carry nion which he once has embraced, authorities to by his eloquence in fpite of the moft creditable the contrary. Canis Vulpes, Linn. Fox, Penx. Syr., 7: FoxEs. its varicties, the crofs fox, the black Ouad. 152. with all - ) fox, and the brand fox. WILD CATS. Felis filveflris tigrina, Brifon. Quad. 8. Cayenne Cat, Penn. Syn. Qyade 182. 193no rabbetsin. AmeRABBETS. There were originally 9. wereimported by the Spaniards, and are now rica, but they whether thefe, here called rabbets, on greatly increafed; or whether they the river Miftfppi, are the true rabbets, North Amerithat kind of hare which is peculiar to are The North American hare feems to ca, cannot be decided, Quad. 249; it is lefs in be the Alpine hare, Penn, Syn. anda medium betwesn fize than the European common hare, NorthAmer. L.p.105hare and rabbet, according to Kalm's Gallopavo, Linn. Le dindon; IO. TURKIES. Meleagris Planches enluninées, 97. feven diferent kinds of 11. GROUs. There are about grous in North: Amcrica. (a) Teirao ca, cannot be decided, Quad. 249; it is lefs in be the Alpine hare, Penn, Syn. anda medium betwesn fize than the European common hare, NorthAmer. L.p.105hare and rabbet, according to Kalm's Gallopavo, Linn. Le dindon; IO. TURKIES. Meleagris Planches enluninées, 97. feven diferent kinds of 11. GROUs. There are about grous in North: Amcrica. (a) Teirao --- Page 107 --- LrO:t ISI A NT A. ducks of-all. kinds, teals, divers, fhipes, water-hens, golden plovers, ftares, thrufhes, and other'birds whichare not, krown in Earope! 7 43 On (a) Tetiao Phafianellus, Linn. ie The n avard, - long-tailed grous, E4117. 0.M (8) Canadenfis, Linn. fr The fpotted grous, Edw. (-) Lagopus, Linn. The white 71. Plenl. grous, Edh. 72. 129. (4), Cupido, Linn, The pinnated (e) Umbellus, Linn. The rufed grous, Ca.II.L. C) Canace, Linn. The friated grous, Edav. 248x grous, PI. enl. 131, &.132 Bri/Li2ng. t. 20, . fa2 (g) Togatus, Linn. The fhoulder-knot enl. 104. Brif I. 207.t.221. f. I: grous, PI. Which of thefe are found fo far fouth as Louifana determined. cannor be I2. PHEASANTS. This is fo vague a iti is next' to impofible to find out which denomination, thàt the author' means ; for there is but kind of phesfant in Cayenne, and Guiana, and onc pheafant in America, this birdis found fo far north thereforeit is dubious whetlier inclined as Lonifiaxa: I am therefore to believe, the author meant the long-tailid which bears a great fimilarity to a pheafant, and is Erour, far as Virginia, which is not above three found as more north than the Akanzas. or four degrees : 13: PARTRIDGES, This feems to be the American tridge, Cat. III. 12. Tetrao Virginianus, Linn. par14. QUaitz in America, this birdis found fo far north thereforeit is dubious whetlier inclined as Lonifiaxa: I am therefore to believe, the author meant the long-tailid which bears a great fimilarity to a pheafant, and is Erour, far as Virginia, which is not above three found as more north than the Akanzas. or four degrees : 13: PARTRIDGES, This feems to be the American tridge, Cat. III. 12. Tetrao Virginianus, Linn. par14. QUaitz --- Page 108 --- TRAVELS S THROUGH On my arrival at the Akanzas, the young warriors received me with the dance of the, calumet. Itis necefary that I fhould inform you, that QyAILS. Tetrao Mexicanus, Linn. Loufiana quail, 14. PI. enl. 149. TURTLES. Columba Canadenfis, Linn. Canada 15* turtle, Pl. enl. 176. WooD-PIGEONS. Columba migratoria, Linn. Mi16. Kalms II. P. 8z. t. 2. Columba Caroligratory pigeon. Caroline. Cat.I. 24. nenfis, Linn. pigeon, SWANS. Anas Cygnus, Linn. Br. Zcol. p.440. Ed17. avard 150. 18. GBESE. Anas Anfer, Linn. Wildgoofe, Br.Zool.447Linn. White fronted goofe, Br. Zool.450. Anas crythropus, Linn. Canada goofe, Edw. Edaw. 153. Anas Canadenfis, 151..PL.enl 346. BUSTARDS, Otis Tarda, Linn. This is the firft time 19. that I find a buftard mentioned among the American birds. Asthey are nct uncommen in France, I am inclined think the author's account to be true; and as he has alto mentioned the turkies before, it is not-likely that he ready fhould confound the buftard and turkey. ofall kinds. There are at leaft twenty kinds 20. Ducks of ducks known to be in America. Vid. Porfer's Caialegue 1 of North Amcrican animals, p. 16. i7. 21. TEALSI --- Page 109 --- Lo U I S A N A. that dahcing enters into all forts of with thele nations tranfactions ; they have religious, phylical, merry, ceremonious, warlike, fumeral, pacific, nuptial, playful, hunting, and lewd the laft is abolifhed fince dances : our arrival in . America. The dance of impudicity was performed vately and in priz fire. night-time, by the light of a Ail that entered into the lafcivious great affembly, 2I. TEALS. I fuppole the author means leffer kinds of ducks, as the by téals the faced; blue-wing, harlequin, pied, brown, whitee and common teal: 22. DIVERS are of four kinds in North America. Forfer's Cat. N. Amer. 16: Vid. 23. SNIPES.. There are likewife feveralkind in North America ; fo that without birds of this nomination, it' is a more detailed deimpoffible to determine the (pecies, 24. WATER-HÉNS. Of this kind is the. Rallus nenfis, Linn. the Carolina rail, and the Carolihen, or Fulica chloropus, Linn. in N. Amer. common water25. GOLDEN PLOVERS. Charadrius Edwv. 140, apricarius, Lisns 26. STARES. Sturnus Ludovicianus, Linn, Brig: II. 449. t.42. f. 1. Gat.I. This Pl.enl. 236. takenly appeared in the books 13. bird has mi VoL.I. of the modern orithologifts H under the Carolina rail, and the Carolihen, or Fulica chloropus, Linn. in N. Amer. common water25. GOLDEN PLOVERS. Charadrius Edwv. 140, apricarius, Lisns 26. STARES. Sturnus Ludovicianus, Linn, Brig: II. 449. t.42. f. 1. Gat.I. This Pl.enl. 236. takenly appeared in the books 13. bird has mi VoL.I. of the modern orithologifts H under --- Page 110 --- THROUGH TRAYELS agaigh the p02s, that bly were obliged to Arike would reveal what is, to Twear that they never this. difolute ball: the they had feen. or done in. quite naked dancers of both fexes appeared of proffitution, in artitudes and gettures which there, ofthe fame kind, accompanied with fongs though, in the muft exculc my tranferibing, pieces you of the Indianss they are purely language ofgenteel wit. fellows amongThe Akanzas haver expert amaze our jugelers. them,, who would perhaps I faw callsit, in II. 242. an American under two names: : Brifor it as 2 Louifiana ftare. duzels.and II. 449- he reprefents he calls it a lark,, makes likewife two bindsrefits Sturnus LuLimaws Alauda magna, and p. 290. a fiarc, p.28g. comparifon, it maybe eatlyabuer 6o7 be dovtcianus; but, ppon and that it ouglit mined, that both are but a fare, and Ouztl. erafed from among the Larks "Theré are atleaft feven Nurihdaerican 27. TRRUSHES. which ofthem are upon the rivert supptieanaos in thruthes, for want of. informationy F. be determined take oaths, they take a Indians. fivear Or : Whenever the ftrike againt a poft, calling to mind word club with which they and to keep their their fine acions in war, promifing among them: religiouly: an oath of this nsniteisingecties nation well, and ftrikes the Cacique fwears to lead his the évery taking that oath, he cannot beintaledin L poft without dighity. --- Page 111 --- L OU I S I A N A. i faw one of them, who, in my prefence, per- 'formed a trick which will appear incredible to you; after fome wry mouths, he fwallowed a rib ofa ftag feventeen inches long, held it with his fingers, and drew it out of his ftomach again. He went to Neco Orleans to fhew his agility to the governor and the officers of the garrifon's this the Indians call acting the phyfician: The Akaizas declare war with the following ceremonies. They make a feaft in the hut of the chief, where dog's Aeth is ferved up, which is the principal food of warriors; becaufe they fay, that a creature which is fo brave as to be killed in the defence of his mafter; muft give them valour. He that kills one of the enemy's dogs is likewife received as a warrior; but be muft bring the fcalp of the dog, that is; the fkin from the head, as ifit were the fcalp of a man, without which the others would not believe him. The Indians have dogs in great numbers, both for hunting, and to fecure them from being furprifed by the enemies. After the feaft of which I have fpoken, the great chief calls together an affembly of warriors. H 2 The them valour. He that kills one of the enemy's dogs is likewife received as a warrior; but be muft bring the fcalp of the dog, that is; the fkin from the head, as ifit were the fcalp of a man, without which the others would not believe him. The Indians have dogs in great numbers, both for hunting, and to fecure them from being furprifed by the enemies. After the feaft of which I have fpoken, the great chief calls together an affembly of warriors. H 2 The --- Page 112 --- TRAN E L Si THROUGI 10O held in,the middle of the vilThe affemblyis which hut made on, purpofe, lage, in a great of the council, The cuchief they call the hut themfelves, acand moft confiderable men place or on their refpeétive ranks, on mats) cording to When they. are all feated, the syger-Akins. himfelf into the midft of the chicf or orator. puts his fpecch. with u a loud aftembly, and holds. that it.would voice: he reprelents to his nation, the affront be a fhame for, them not tod revenge ifuch a nation ; that they, received from fuch or; for ity they if they, did takc them tor account bas. Wowould for the future be looked upon At that inflant all the affembly apmen *. Heil hete lir Theichief then plauds, by faying, and prefents it to the takes a bundle of rods, defirous s.of going to war affembly : all that arel this meansthey are take one of the rods, and-by & soxons el rate enlifted. E0 1 33 A. the women run through The next morning < Young men and. warriors, the village, crying, fet out, go. to war, re2 who received the rods, allics, and C venge the deaths of our relations, <s friehds; 3 Indian is called a awoman or an old quemar, it When an which fignifies a man without courage,. a is an affront, coward. --- Page 113 --- L-OUrI Si I A N A. IOI <6 friends; and do not return till you are ftained <6 with the blood of our enemies, and bring with ee, you their fcalps 4,39 no Then a young Indian takes the trouble to paint red a club, which they call a head-breaker ; this club is brought upon the limits of the enemies country ; . there they cut a piece out of a tree, anid with vermilion they draw on it two arrows acrois each other, which is their fymbol of war : the red colour fignifies, that the nation defires revenge, and will not be fatisfied till it has fhed the blood of their enemies. 1 Before they fet out, the chief of the nation çalls another affembly, which is generally followed by a feaft, to which he invites his allies. The chief prefents the confederates with rods, to engage them to march with them as auxiliary troops. At the end of the repaft they fing and H3 dance E 9R The Indians are ufed to pluck the fkins from their enemies heads whom they kill in battle ; they count the number of the flain by thefe fcalps, which they-bring home like trophies on poles. We generally give them, in gcods, for the King's account, the value of ten crowns (écus) foreach fcalp of our enemies. prefents the confederates with rods, to engage them to march with them as auxiliary troops. At the end of the repaft they fing and H3 dance E 9R The Indians are ufed to pluck the fkins from their enemies heads whom they kill in battle ; they count the number of the flain by thefe fcalps, which they-bring home like trophies on poles. We generally give them, in gcods, for the King's account, the value of ten crowns (écus) foreach fcalp of our enemies. --- Page 114 --- TRAVELS TAROUGH 102, dance the dance of war *, All the young men red; : it is really curious to fee them are painted by dance the difco-" dance. He that expreffes watches his enemy, keepvery or the farprife, all at orce he falls ing in a ftooping poftures making horrible: him, his club in hand, upon is done in a real aétion. His comrade cries, as ftiffening alldrops asi if he were thundertruck, after which thei his mufcles as an epileptics- method of fcalping dancing, the other reprefents, this is done with a knife.which the dead enemy 3 incifion on the he bas in his hand, he.makes an he and round the neck of his enemy; forehead, naiis therein, he puts both his places his long of the captive, and knecs againft the Ahoulders and with fudden with his knees pull with a pufh the fkin with the hair on his hands, he takés up in from the head. All this is reprefented it, the tune ofa drum and' finging and dancingto a chiis conceived in the foilowing terms : - The fongof war the death of my brothers 5 I fhali Igot to war to avenge thall I Thall burn my . kill, I fhall exterminate, I plundor, I fhall devour their enemies: I all bring away flaves, blood; I fhall bring : heart, dry their Aefh, drink of their their fculls;" and mcre s: their and make cups $ fcalps, which are full of cruelty, and thew a thirl fuch expreflions, after revenge and faughtor. --- Page 115 --- L FO U ISI A N A. a chichikois #, which marks the time and the cadence. The Indians never go to war without confulting their Manitou +, to whom they attribute all their good or bad luck. If the Maniiou has not been favourable to them, they quit him without any ceremony, and take another. The chief, before he goes to war, undergces a very rigid fafting, and paints his body black during that time. After the faft, he wafhes himfelf, and paints his body and his face red. He harangues his warriors before the falfe deity, after which every one prepares his baggage. Sometimes they go to war four or five hundred leagues from their own country. Their baggage, in time of war, confifts of a bear's fkin, which ferves as a bed ; a wild ox's fkin, with which they cover themfelves; a tyger-cat's fkin, which ferves as a fack to put the calumet or tobacco-pipe in ; a kead-breaker or H 4 club; : This-is a gourd in which they put a kind cf little beads, they likewife faften fuch beads to their foet. + Falfe Indian deity ; fometimes a driedraven or a fnake; they likewife employ for that purpofe amphibious creatures and quacrtipeds. bed ; a wild ox's fkin, with which they cover themfelves; a tyger-cat's fkin, which ferves as a fack to put the calumet or tobacco-pipe in ; a kead-breaker or H 4 club; : This-is a gourd in which they put a kind cf little beads, they likewife faften fuch beads to their foet. + Falfe Indian deity ; fometimes a driedraven or a fnake; they likewife employ for that purpofe amphibious creatures and quacrtipeds. --- Page 116 --- T RA V ELS THROUCE E hatchet, which thiey makeule club; and a little huts in the woods. TOA ofin orderto make 1 mor anameaaod - 50 confift of.a gun or mufket; the Their arms in, which horn. of an OX to put the gun-powder ftring, togephey hang round, the body with a their gher with a little bag in which they this; put a bow balls, the Aint, and a fcrew : befides full of arrowss the latter are very and a quiver They never employ their ufeful for buntings when they are upon any Gre-arms at any.animals, lefti the noife expedition againtt their enemies, They agree them. sight ferveit to e4 difcovér of furprithem@ivesupon the method sall amongtt for the Indians place Ang thein enemicssi ofi this kind ofwar, their glory. in thoknowledge who are the o5which is generally fatal to thofe lodt 2Yt jech of.itd nuguo J E ahaid Ve Modr dove alo potal uns 691 care. withr regard touvicThey take very little ln- > has a, littie bag of: flour of sualss evcry one roafted as we, do coffce, dian corn or maize, takes, a fpoonful of and wherhe is hungry.he of this Aour or meal js water in which fome till theyiare very near diluted, which he keeps paa ol olt jt09 the enemy. Thaugh tLsl Ln 1T --- Page 117 --- LOmu I2SIE A ANI A. Though the Indians are fometimes three or four days without eating, they are ( not ill at. all from it, but continue their road as before: : they sontract their girdle round their belly, in portion as ith grows more empty, and diminifhes proin fize : in a word, they are indefatigable. and Wlrg Tady AAt ar 6! shal 2 When the Indians have made a ftroke at the enemy, as they term it; fome young warriors immediately fet out, to bring the news of the viétory, to the village. They make their arrival known, by fome cries, which mark the numbér of prifoners, that of the dead, and that of the icalps which they bring with them. The wOmen. prepare to receive the prifoners, and to give them a hearty drubbing with haye fticks, : They likewife a right to decide who of the tives fhall dic, for they are brought before thei capwith their hands tied, and painted black * Thofe women whio have loft their hufbands, a fons, are at liberty to take captives tô or them. They can adopt them as hufbands réplace or fons, and they are then immediately fer free. as Thofe who are not adopted muft be burnt 20 a flow fire : to that purpofe their head is at fcalped, * Thofe who are thus painted are to be of 1 the village, unlefs the women adopt them. burnt in the midf hands tied, and painted black * Thofe women whio have loft their hufbands, a fons, are at liberty to take captives tô or them. They can adopt them as hufbands réplace or fons, and they are then immediately fer free. as Thofe who are not adopted muft be burnt 20 a flow fire : to that purpofe their head is at fcalped, * Thofe who are thus painted are to be of 1 the village, unlefs the women adopt them. burnt in the midf --- Page 118 --- THROUGH TRAYELS faftened to two pofts which ed, and they are with a piece of wood into the ground, are driven 1* then all the young people lying acrofs them 5 them, and they endure exercife their fury upon : on torments without complaining the greateft fing till they expire, faying the contrary, they and that they fear neithat they are true men, laugh at their torther fire nor death; they do not make and tell them that they their mentors, that if they were in them fuffer enough, them much worfe; hands they would plague to fuch and fuch that the fire muft be applied the moft fenfible parts, and that they are there that when they It is to be remarked, to pain. to march againft their enedifpofe themfelves their bodies red; mies, they take care to paint with fuch when they attack the enemy, fo that, they really howls as if they were bewitched, let loofe from hell +. look like a troop of devils their friends, but very They, are good towards cruel towards their enemies. As. to fing and dance round thefe * The captives are obliged pofts. both men and women, have + The Indians in general, belfides thofe on, the head; they no hair on their bodics, the beaits, and they fay, that in this particular we refemble herbs and fallad. the fame when they fee us eat fay --- Page 119 --- L'OU IS I A: N A. As to religion, they believe the exiftence ofa great Spirit, whom they adore' under the form of a ferpent or a crocodile; they give him a kind of divine fervice. They fear the devil, whom they call a bad fpirit. They likewife adore the fun and moon. When it thunders, they imagine that the Lordof Flife fpeaks to them in an angry tone. I muft not clofe my letter without informing you of a fingular event, which, though of very littie importance, may however be very ufeful to me, during my ftay in America. The Akanzas have adopted me ; they have acknowledged me as a warrior and a chief, and have given me the mark of it, which is the figure of a roebuck imprinted on my thigh. Thave willingly undergone this painful operation, which was performed in the following manner : Iwas feated Oil a tyger's fkin; an Indian. burnt fome ftraw, the afhes of which he diluted with water: he made ufe of this fimple mixture to draw the roc-buck; he then followed the drawing with great needles, pricking them deep into the flefh, till the blood comes out; this blood mixing with the afhes of the ftraw, forms a figure which can never be effaced. I fmoked the calumet afRSF that; they fpread white flins under my feet; on the following manner : Iwas feated Oil a tyger's fkin; an Indian. burnt fome ftraw, the afhes of which he diluted with water: he made ufe of this fimple mixture to draw the roc-buck; he then followed the drawing with great needles, pricking them deep into the flefh, till the blood comes out; this blood mixing with the afhes of the ftraw, forms a figure which can never be effaced. I fmoked the calumet afRSF that; they fpread white flins under my feet; on --- Page 120 --- 108 T R AVELS THROUOI I walked; they danced before me cryon which they told me afterwards, thatI ing out for joy; who were their allics, could' go to all the people fhew mark, and1 prefent the calumet; and my their browould be well received ; that I was would and that if any one killed me, they ther, now I am a noble Akanza. Thefe kill him'; have done me all the honour people think they of their country, by thus due to a defender this honour almoft adopting me : and I regard which the Marfhal de Richelieu received, like that micribed in the golden book when his name was noble Genoefe. It is trues at Genoa among the between an inicription thère is fome difference I cannot I have indergone; and the operation much I haye fuffered by exprefs it to you how fhewing how it; I did all I could to prevent I joked much I was affeêted; on the contrary, and the Indian women that were prefent; 3 with amazed at my infenfibility, all the fpeétators, and danced round about me, cried out for joy, The pain has been faying, I was a true man. had the fever from it. violent, and I have very You cannot bclieve how for a week together. fince that times. fond the Akanzas are of me, fome This is.all1 had to fay upon this fubjeôt: this month we intend to, continue our jourtime As the feafon is much. adney to the Illinois. yanced, --- Page 121 --- L. O.U I S I A N A. vanced, and we have yet three hundred leagues to go, we run the rifk of being ftopped by the ice, and of wintering on the. road. S We have been obliged to ftop here for preparing the bif cuit neceffary for fo long a voyages for in - this fealon we muft combat both the current, and the north wind. According to. all appearances, I fhall not be able to write before next year. 27 This letter fets out by a boat, which will arrive in time before the departure of a man of war for France, where I hope my letter will find. you in good health. Ibegyou would let me. hear from yous for I affure you, you can do me no greater pleafure. ur A 1otibioip ahy ta wail 0 et Slasgh I am, &c. Ln Ib 16 orm At the Akanzas, the 6th rule ef November 1751. dr UT Baivo P. 3. I found a Meftizo Indian among the Akanzas 5 and, upon queftioning him concerning his origin, I heard that he was the fon of Rutel, that failor from Bretany who loft himfeif, when M. de la Salle came down the Mllhppi in 1682, and of whom I have had the honour of ipeaking before. This am, &c. Ln Ib 16 orm At the Akanzas, the 6th rule ef November 1751. dr UT Baivo P. 3. I found a Meftizo Indian among the Akanzas 5 and, upon queftioning him concerning his origin, I heard that he was the fon of Rutel, that failor from Bretany who loft himfeif, when M. de la Salle came down the Mllhppi in 1682, and of whom I have had the honour of ipeaking before. This --- Page 122 --- S THROUGHI IIO TRAVEL added, that Rutel his father This demi-Indian who was fund by the Cenis, an. Indian ination, hims hereceived one of their girls as adopted his wife, in the quality of a warriors becaufe, made ufe of hismufketi in a battle againft having enemies of the Cenis, the explofion of that fome to them, weapon, which was a as yet unknown frightened them, arid put them to fight. This Rutel having afterwards taught the Inof with oars and fails in dians the method going their canoes andi piraguas; he enabled them to defeat alittleflect of their enémies'? this manof being till then unknown to ner navigating and drew their gratitude and venethe nation, revered him as the greatration upon him 3 they the famous Ruiter, eft man in the world; and became Lieutenant who, from a commonifailor, and Admiral of the United Provinces, was perhaps lefs revered than Rutel was among the Cenis. LE T- --- Page 123 --- Li a U - III M 2 ar MT W5 B % 2 R SR SR SR SR SR SR - T R VI. To the fame. An Account of the Author's Navigation from the Akanzas to the Illinois. The King's Boat St. Louis, on which the Author was, is overlets he falls into the Miffifippi, and an Akanza faves his.l life. S I R, * AM now, thank God, arrived at Fort I e Chartres, after running many rifks on this long and troublefome voyage. We fet out from the Akanzas the 7th of November, on our voyage hither. Wer have gone three hundred leagues without meeting with any village or habitation. As this extent of country is abfolutely uninhabited, there are-happily great flocks of wild oxen, ftags, and roe-bucks, to be met with, efpecially in this feafom when the waters --- Page 124 --- THROUCK TRAVELS Thefe animals are obliged to come ters are low. we often killed in Aocks to the river to drink, likewife fome bears" croffed it, and them as they The Akanza Indians generally were thus got. to the French, in order come to hire themfelves hunting upon the road. them fubfift by to make fet out in the morning in piraThefe hunters which they meet on guas ; they kill the oxen the boats that folthe banks of the river, and the meat, which low after them take on board for them on the fhore. lies ready Indians take care to keep the tongue, The from the back of-the animals which and tle Aefh thefe bits to have killed, and to prefent afthey and officers of the convoy : the commander diftribures the ter which a ferjeant OI a corporal the pleafure eof feth to the foldiersin each boat: of the amply repays for then fatigues hunting foi common in the neigh: voyage. The-gameis river St Franpois 9, that, when bourhood ofthe.r in thofe parts, it was impollible we went on Thore multitudes of fivanss on account of.the to fleep, and ducks, that were cranes, geele, buftards, and down in thefc watery continually going up the country of the places. On. approaching Illinois, from the country ofthe Hautaax. * This ziver comes igues hunting foi common in the neigh: voyage. The-gameis river St Franpois 9, that, when bourhood ofthe.r in thofe parts, it was impollible we went on Thore multitudes of fivanss on account of.the to fleep, and ducks, that were cranes, geele, buftards, and down in thefc watery continually going up the country of the places. On. approaching Illinois, from the country ofthe Hautaax. * This ziver comes --- Page 125 --- L O U I S IA N A. II3 Ilinois, you fee, in. the day-time, whole clouds of turtle-doves or wood-pigeons. : A circumftance that. will perhaps be incredible, is, that they often eclipfe the fun; ; thefe birds, living merely upon acorns and the feeds of beech-trees, in the woods, are: excellent in autumh ; fometimes eighty of them are killed at one fhot. What a piry that fo fine a country is not inhabited, or is only inhabited.by brutes ! M. de Macarty, an Irifhman, and commander of the convoy, having had fome fits of the gout, and fearing to be obliged to winter on the road, refolved to go before the reft, when we were at the junéture of the Ohio with the MilR- /ippi, thirty leagues from the Illinois. He took the beft rowers out of all the boats, and them on board his boat, and, without troubling put himfelf about the others, he left them behind, contrary to M. de Vaudreuil's injunétions ; however, the law of nature diétates to every body the. order of affifting others mutually, in cafe of an attack from an enemy, or fome other accident, fuch as happened to the boat St. Lottis, on board of which I was. It got upon a fand-bank, and they were obliged to unload it almoft entirely before they could fetit a-Aoatagain, which made' Vor. I. I me --- Page 126 --- TRAVELS THROUGH the me lofe two days, and prevented my joining convoy again. misfortunes, when I was but To increafe my from the Illinois, my boat, three fourteen leagues ran againft a tree, of days after it was ftranded, in time which the Millfippi is full; and efpecially and the fhock burft the boat, of low water; in, that it funk in fuch a quantity of water got accident I loft lefs than an hour's time. By this for I all I had: I ran the rifk of perifhing too 3 fo had thrown myfelf into a piragua, but it was faved from the wreck, that it full of goods and I overfet; feveral foldiers were drowned, have fhared the fame fate, had it not been fhould Akanza, who, not fearing the for a generous into the water, and feverity of the feafon, leapt feized me by my riding-coat, After thefe adventures I am at laft arrived Fort Chartres : I had not been long here, at when Iwas witnels to an event which might have confequences. The Pehenhad very unhappy had agreed upon the guichias and the Ouyatanons the Illitotal ruin of five French villages among mois. M. de Macarly had fent me before-hand for fome troops that came in go prepare quarters a con- the water, and feverity of the feafon, leapt feized me by my riding-coat, After thefe adventures I am at laft arrived Fort Chartres : I had not been long here, at when Iwas witnels to an event which might have confequences. The Pehenhad very unhappy had agreed upon the guichias and the Ouyatanons the Illitotal ruin of five French villages among mois. M. de Macarly had fent me before-hand for fome troops that came in go prepare quarters a con- --- Page 127 --- LOU-I S I A N: A. II5 a convoy. The Indians had meditated their terprife, and intended to come before the envoy. I was then at the Kafakias, where conde Montcharvaux M. commanded, who could not juftly know the. whole extent of the plot of thofe barbarians. Thefe were fpread in the houfes the inhabitants; by their careffes, of tion, and their affeétacalling to mind the maffacre of the Natches, we fufpected their nol 1 ans atut S defign. On fuch occafions 00 AEU the as thefe, an officer; feels all weight of the command. M. de vaux was not. Montchar. M. de difcouraged i he was feconded by Gruife, an intelligent, brave held a council with the oldeft officer. : He able people of the and moft confiderplace; and did me nour to confult me in this the homore through his circumftance : it was fity, becaufe I goodnefs than through necefwas newly arrived, and confequently little acquainted with the fituation fairs in that neighbourhood. ofaf venture to fay, that he I will however vice I was pleafed with the adgave, though it was a very My opinion was, that, in order fimple one. delign of thefe to penetrate the defenfive, Indians, we fhould keep on the without thewing the leaft that we fhould fend out fome armed fiupicion : on horfeback, as if they went inhabitants a-hunting recomX I 2 mending --- Page 128 --- S THROUGH 116 TRAVELS mending it to them, that, after they had gone the rounds, they fhould return. into the village if happened to them: full gallop, as fomethinghadi There remain: this was to give a falfe alarm. but ed nothing further to be done in that cafe, examine the countenances of the Indians, to betray themfelves. This who would certainly believed the advice was followed; the Indians intendFrench had difcovered their plot; they when the ed to execute it on Chrifmas-day, had excame from the great mais : chey people after that day, afking, in their actly inquired on which the Son of way,. when that day came the great Spirit came into the world. believed they were difcoverAs foon as they their cicape; ed, they thought only of making on fired them, and killed twenty-two we upon called La Teunele, a the fpot. A ferjeant, killed four in my Creole, and a good hunter, attacked M. de- Gruifes on his fide, prefence. in the Jefuits houfe, he wounded thofe who were whom took five alive, among feveral ofthem,and lilinois; they were put in irons. there was one haftened to difpatch meffengers M. de Macariy de Vaudreuils to to New Orltans to the Marquis of this expedition : the go: give him an account vernor ant, killed four in my Creole, and a good hunter, attacked M. de- Gruifes on his fide, prefence. in the Jefuits houfe, he wounded thofe who were whom took five alive, among feveral ofthem,and lilinois; they were put in irons. there was one haftened to difpatch meffengers M. de Macariy de Vaudreuils to to New Orltans to the Marquis of this expedition : the go: give him an account vernor --- Page 129 --- L" O U I S I A N A. I17 vernor fent back orders to deliver the prifoners to their countryr men, who came crying, the calumet in hand, and difavowed the piot, faying their people had loft their fenfes, and that the Englifh had taken their fenfes from them. They received peace very thankfully, and all is quiet at prefent ; however, for precaution's fake, the inhabitants have received orders to carry their mufkets when they go to mafs ; and the officer of the guard to place two fentinels at the churchdoor during divine fervice: I muft not forget to mention to you, Sir, that all this paffed without our having a fingle man killed or wounded. The Indians threw away their cloaths and their clubs to run the better; 3 the vigilance of M. de Montcharvaus the commandant, and of M. de Gruife the major, has prevented the conlpiracy, at the momnent when the plot was to,be executed. I am now returned to Fort Chartres, where we lead a pretty peaceable life; I cannot fend any great news, but I will communicate fome little anecdotes which may amufe you, and will at leaft give you an idea of our Indians. I had hired an Indian for my hunter during winter; he belonged to the village of the MitI 3 chigamias : --- Page 130 --- 118 TRAVE EL S THROUGH chiganias ; one day having got a very great quan- he inftead of bringing it to me, tity of game, who went to treat * with fome Frenchmen, which he him brandy in exchange, of gave much as to lofe the ufe of his drank fo lodgings in this reafon. As he entered my ill; I took condition, I received him very and the mufket which I had given him, away him out of doors : turned him off by puthing kitchen againit my he came, however, into and my would not go out of will, lay down in it, his fenfès again, he it. As foon as he was in fault he had comwell conceived what a great for it, he mitted : and, being willing to atone and fhot, and went out. took a gun, powder, and comes in, very The next day he returns, hel had round his haughtily, loaded with game : heads between which all the naked body a girdle, he loofened it, and of the wild fowls were put; of room ; he threw them into the middle my then fat down near my fire, without fpeaking 3 his calumet, and giving it me to he lighted he faid, c6 I own I had loft my fmoke out ofit, but I have found them again: 66 fenfes yefterday, < I acthe or barter of European *% They call treating, furs exchange which the Indians takein huntmerchândize againit the ing. it, and of the wild fowls were put; of room ; he threw them into the middle my then fat down near my fire, without fpeaking 3 his calumet, and giving it me to he lighted he faid, c6 I own I had loft my fmoke out ofit, but I have found them again: 66 fenfes yefterday, < I acthe or barter of European *% They call treating, furs exchange which the Indians takein huntmerchândize againit the ing. --- Page 131 --- L. O U I S I A N A. "T-acknowledge my fault; and I 6c excufe it. I beg thee to agree that I had 66 treatment I réceived, deferved the <c being turned out of thy hut; thou haft done well to let me cc again, becaufe, if the other Indians come in 66 ofit, they would had heard at the leaft cc me with having been turned difpute reproach < the chief Great out of the hut of Nofe *.33 Many Europeans make no difference the Indians and brutes, between have neither reafon imagining that they nor common fenfe. However, the circumftance which I have now related, and a great many more, fiufficiently that thefe people are fufceptible of fentiments fhew, of honour; they know how to do themfelves ftice when they are wronged, and know juwell when they doill. There aré nations very the Europeans, of whom one among ridiculous and may remark as barbarous cuftoms as the American Indians. among To' return to my hunter : you know well, that drunkennefs debafes very men to the rank I 4 of ** An epithet the Indians gave me to the other officers, to each of whom diftinguith me from nations, relative to the they gave fuch denomiin them, good or bad qualities they obferved --- Page 132 --- 120 T RAVELS THROUGH of brutes, andi that this vice 'is correéted with difficulty even amongft the French. The Indians imitate them eafily in it, and fay the white have taught them to drink the fiery 200people ter, One day my Indian found the door of the King's magazine open; he fneaked in like a ferpent, got to a barrel of brandy, and Ched half ofit, by endeavouring to fill a bottle with it. This accident obliged rre to difmifs him; however, as he was a good hunter, and had only one fault, his wife begged me to give him phyfic, to prevent his drinking : I willingly undertook the with the affiftance of his wife and relations. cure, Once this hunter was drunk, but defired I the people to tell him fill more brandy ; got tenacious of it. I had fome, but that I was very and afked me for fome : He came immediately, I faid, I had brandy, but I would not give it for nothing. He faid he was poor; however, if I would take his wife, he would hire her to month. that the chiefs of me for a Ianfwered, the white warriors did' not come to the red men their wives; that if he would fell me to enjoy would take him as a flave, his fon, I willingly and * Thus they call brandy, ome, but that I was very and afked me for fome : He came immediately, I faid, I had brandy, but I would not give it for nothing. He faid he was poor; however, if I would take his wife, he would hire her to month. that the chiefs of me for a Ianfwered, the white warriors did' not come to the red men their wives; that if he would fell me to enjoy would take him as a flave, his fon, I willingly and * Thus they call brandy, --- Page 133 --- Lw OU ISI A N A. and give him in return a barrel of brandy'; we made the bargain in prefence of feveral witnefles, and he delivered his fon to me. . I was ready to laugh at this farce, from the very beginning of it. I made him drink upon the bargain fome brandy, into which I had put long pepper. When he had drunk it, he was bound, and brought to fleep. When he was recovered of his drankennefs, the Cacique of the village and his relations, who were in the fecret, came to him into his hut, where he lay upon a mat; they difplayed to him all the horror of the unnatural aétion he had committed by felling his own offspring. The poor Indian came crying to me, and faid, Indagé wai panis, i. e. I am unworthy of living 3 I do no longer deferve to bear the tender name of father. He was very angry at the brandy I had given him to drink, and which had fred all his fomach; ; he called it urine of the chief of hell, that is, of the evil fpirit that caufed it. His wife, who is naturally humorous, and who was diverting herfeif at his expence, afked him very coolly where his fon was ? He ftill excufed himfelf, faying, that, knowing me to be -very kind, he expeéted I would return him his fon : --- Page 134 --- THROUCH TRAVELS he knew the grand chief of the fon ; that the red men, had no French *, and the fatherof told him he was in the flaves in his empire. I his fon, and right, but that I had adopted with me to would take him in that quality and in order to make him a Chriftian, France, ofhis nation would not be fufthat all the furs ficient to redeem him. relations feemed to be grieved, they As the Indian to go to the chief advifed the drunkard that with the of the prayer, or the man call fpeaks the priefts : I for thus they great Spirits if the chief of the prayer+ retold him, that be contrary to him; I quired it, I fhould not that he him his fon, on condition would return and that I hould be his fhould be baptifed, I required from godfacher : that as to himfelf, which had of drunkennefs, him an abjuration him. He faid my words were proved fo fatal to remember them while he ftrong, and he fhould him as a brolived ; he begged I would adopt the and faid he was going to ftrike at poftt. ther, Since * The French King. of the order of St. Sulpitius, and t The Abbé Gagnon, chaplain of Fort Chartres. V. Indian method of taking an oath. See Letter 1 The to himfelf, which had of drunkennefs, him an abjuration him. He faid my words were proved fo fatal to remember them while he ftrong, and he fhould him as a brolived ; he begged I would adopt the and faid he was going to ftrike at poftt. ther, Since * The French King. of the order of St. Sulpitius, and t The Abbé Gagnon, chaplain of Fort Chartres. V. Indian method of taking an oath. See Letter 1 The --- Page 135 --- L O U I" S I A N A. 123 Since that time he has never drank wine, or any fpirituous liquors; ; I have fent people to offer them to him, but he always refufed them, faying, that he had ftruck at the poft, and that the Lord of life would be angry with him ; that I'had told him that this Spirit could not be deceived : he rocollcéted that once I had named the number of glaffes of brandy which he had drunk, without my having feen him ; to which hc had anfwered, that it was very true, and that. he believed that the great Spirit that fees every thing muft have told me ofit. I took the following method when I wanted to know how many drams my Indian had taken. I left a clean glafs near a barrel of brandy; the Indian, being alone, was tempted to drink a glafs ; after which Iordered the glafs to be wafhed in hot water, and put in its place again; and every time he drank, my people always did the fame thing. Accordingly it was very eafy for me to tell him, thou haft taken fo many drams; he was always amazed at it, and thought I was a forcerer. I have often remarked, that the Indians are highly pleafed when the French carefs their little children; likewife, in order to make myfelf beloved and feared by them at the fame time, when- --- Page 136 --- THROUGH 124 TRAVELS whenever I had reafon to be difplealed with their I made ufe of this method: the behaviour, feemed vexed and angry at the fathers, more I friendfhip for their children; the more I affeéted toys. I careffed them, and gave them European that as I had no reaThe Indians readily gueffed, and children, I of their wives fon to complain lefs than before, and was only did not love them without vexed at thofe who had offended me, This extending my anger upon their families: went moved their heart, and confequently they themi killed fome wild fowls, brought out, them on the Aoor, faid, to me, and, throwing be no longer angry 66 This is to appeafe thee, I willinganfwered, e"with us." Iimmediately come back ly forget the paft, when I fee you come wits, meaning when you do not with your heart is the fame all handed. A father's empty father is pleafed with the over the world; every his who which is fhewn to children, friendfhip make returns by their careffes. well conceive, that a mere trife can You can of thefe people; : and that gain me the friendfhip of aéting with it depends only upon the method all evènts. them, to attach them to one's felf at think I But let this fuffice for this time; I mind the plan I purpomuft recall to your fed 's empty father is pleafed with the over the world; every his who which is fhewn to children, friendfhip make returns by their careffes. well conceive, that a mere trife can You can of thefe people; : and that gain me the friendfhip of aéting with it depends only upon the method all evènts. them, to attach them to one's felf at think I But let this fuffice for this time; I mind the plan I purpomuft recall to your fed --- Page 137 --- L OU I S. I A N A. 125 fed to follow; ; I only examine the fituation of the places where I ftop, and, during my ftay, I fhall apply particularly to know. the genius of the people with whom I am to live for a times and I think this ftudy not beneath a traveller. You are a foldier and a philofopher; I am perfuadéd, that what I thall sive you an account of will pleafe you 5 for I flatter myfelf, that you depend upon the fidelity of your hiftorian : indeed, I mean to affert nothing but what I am an eye-witnefs of; for I can neither invent nor exaggerate. I am, S I R, ESc. Ai Fort Chartres, among the Illinois, the 28th of March 1752. LET. --- Page 138 --- 126 TRAVELS THROUGH L E T T E R VII. To the Jame. Defcription of the War of the Nations of Foxes againf the Illinois, of which the Author has been an Eye-witue/s. Account how the French fettled among thefe People. GA S I R, R # HAVE enquired after the manner EX I X3 in which the French fettlement] has been A Ve made here. The country of the IlliEX nois was difcovered by our Canadian hunters; they found its climate very good, being in forty degrees north latitude, fettled on it, and made an alliance with the natives. Many people among them married Indian girls, of which the greateft became Chriftians : and after the difcovery part of Lovifana, the India Company fent many families --- Page 139 --- L OUISI A N A. lies over hither, who lived and multiplied here. There are now five great villages of French inhabitants in thefe parts * The moft confiderable place is called Ka/kakias, a name of the tribe of an Illinois fettlement, which is about half a league from it. The Sieur gineer, has made Saufer, an ena plan for conftrudting a new fort here, according to the intention of the court. It fhall bear the fame name with the old one, which is called Fort de Chartres, The Ilinois country is one of the fineft in the world, it fupplies all the lower parts of Louifiana with flower. Its commerce confifts in lead and falt. - There are falt furs, many that attraét the wild oxen, and the fprings t which like the roe-bucks, paftures around them very much. Their flefh and tongues are falted, and furnifh another branch of commerce to New and they cure hams, which Orleams, equal thofe of Bayonne. The fruits are as fine as in France. * The India Company were poffeffed of Louifiana gave it back to the King in 1731. The five ; but they French are that of the villages of the Philif, the Kafakias, the Fort Charties, St. Kackias, and the Prairie du Rocher the rock); there is now aj fixth, called St. (meadow on Genevieve. + Called Salt-licks, by the Englifh Planters. F. The e of Bayonne. The fruits are as fine as in France. * The India Company were poffeffed of Louifiana gave it back to the King in 1731. The five ; but they French are that of the villages of the Philif, the Kafakias, the Fort Charties, St. Kackias, and the Prairie du Rocher the rock); there is now aj fixth, called St. (meadow on Genevieve. + Called Salt-licks, by the Englifh Planters. F. The --- Page 140 --- 128 TRAVELS THROUGH The Illinois have very near the fame manners and cuftoms as the Nations I have already fpoken of; they only differ in their language. They and often, when they return from huntmarry, ing, leave each other again, each party going a d.ferent way. The.marriage of the Indians is quite in the ftate-of nature, and has no other form than the mutual confent of the parties. As they are not tied by any civil contract, wheneverthey are diffatisfied with each other, they, feparate, without faying that marriage isa tie of the ceremony, heart, and that they only marry in order to love each other, and help each other mucually in their wants. I have fecn very. happy marriages thefe divorces and polygamy are among people; them, though the latter is uncommon amongit allowed by the laws. An Indian may have two wives if he hunts well; fometimes one Indian marries two fifters, giving it as a reafon that they will agree better among themfelves, than to each other. The Intwo that are ftrangers dian women in general are very laborious ; they told, when tley are young, that are commonly will a if they be idle or heavy, they get wretched hufband. Here avarice, ambition, and many other paffions, fo common among the Europeans, --- Page 141 --- L'O'U I S I A N A. Europeans, never ftifle the feclings of nature, in- a' father's breaft, or incline him to force his children, and much lefs to controul them in their iclinations. By an admirable fympathy, deferving of admiration, thofe only are married, who' love each other. The' Illinois Indians were formerly the moft formidable in Lonfiana, but the continual which they have been engaged in, wars, northren againft the nations, have reduced' them to a fmall number. The hatred of the Canada Indi- very ans againft them, arifes from the incurfions the Illinois were ufed to make ito their which try, and becaufe they took and killed in coun- thefe inroads, both : the male and female which among thefe nations is reckoned beavers, and cowardice, becaufe a crime they make a great commerce. with the fkins of thefe amphitia they exchange for %, which European geods. In 1752, the Indians of the tribe of met fix Indians Koakins ofthe'hation of Foxes, Voi. I. K huinting t; they * Beavers are quadrupeds and probably calied, thor, anplibia for no other reafon, but by our aube eaten as fh or the jours maigres F. becaufe they may + Their true name is try to the weft of the Lake Oataganizs 2 thoy inhabit thc counMioligas. European geods. In 1752, the Indians of the tribe of met fix Indians Koakins ofthe'hation of Foxes, Voi. I. K huinting t; they * Beavers are quadrupeds and probably calied, thor, anplibia for no other reafon, but by our aube eaten as fh or the jours maigres F. becaufe they may + Their true name is try to the weft of the Lake Oataganizs 2 thoy inhabit thc counMioligas. --- Page 142 --- T RA V E L S THROUGH though they were not they, took them, prifonersa burn then, that, they, and refolved to. at war, account of, them, One of might not give, any. enough to the Foxesa or Outaganis was happy to, and ber, elcape from the. ftake he was faftened into a by. his tormentors, he leaped ing purfued their refearches,, by (wimming lake, and eluded hidden in the rufhes, under water. He remained head from time to 0 time to only putting out his to remain in breath. He had the firmnefs take while his comrades were, broiling. that, pofture the watchfulnels, of In the night time he efcaped either drowned the, Illinois, who thought he, was As he was naked or eaten by the armed ffle : in order to and without arms, he was obliged, like a. beaft, fublift upon the road, to, eat grats told them what Being returned to his.nation, the he Illinois, and the to him with had happened had made his fellowunhappy. fate which they. relationsimmedinucly travellers undergo. Fireir after their, manner, The began to grieve for them together, chief of the nation called an affembly the nothing without a çouncil; refult for theyundenaker bibnl is ekceedingly ybracious, * The armed fith in Lowifiana the fith hooks in pieces. Histccth cit the iron of --- Page 143 --- Lo U I S A N A. 13t refult was to fend bundles of rods"* to the chiefs of the' tribes, who were their allies, whom were the Sioux, the Sakisand the Kikapous 'among who marched as- auxiliary troops under the ftandard of the Foxes. The army confifted of a thoufand warriors : every thing being in Tl readinels, the general of the Foxes marched towards the flinôis, and chiefly towards the Mirchiganiat who had given fhelter to the Koakias: Romn9 A 01 tfeis The warriors being come together to the number of one thoufand, they embarked hundred andi in one cighty canoes made of birch tree bark, on the river Ouifeon/ing which falls into the Miltfppi. Bythe current of the river, and the help of their oars, they were foon to their enemies, the Illinois, brought 414 nB They paffed in good order: by the fort of Koakias where the Chevalier de Volfei, an officer of my detachment, commanded. The' van of this fleet of the Foxes, confiftéd oft the who were to go : on hhore to reconnoitre. beft runters, They K 2 landed As the Indians have not got the art of writing, the rods mark the number. of warriors, and thc day ofaffembling for the departure of the army. enemies, the Illinois, brought 414 nB They paffed in good order: by the fort of Koakias where the Chevalier de Volfei, an officer of my detachment, commanded. The' van of this fleet of the Foxes, confiftéd oft the who were to go : on hhore to reconnoitre. beft runters, They K 2 landed As the Indians have not got the art of writing, the rods mark the number. of warriors, and thc day ofaffembling for the departure of the army. --- Page 144 --- - EL S THROUGH 5nuoT TRAY a a f tib of a league from, the landed about a quarter within which was furrounded Mtaigemiaiviliagen their cnemics being, fhot by; a wood; a mufket fuch a vifit. 5 ne havod far from expeding pamn had fixed upon Corpus, Cbrifi day. The Foxesi They knew that the for fighting the Ilinois. Chartres to fee the ceri latter would come to Fort the French on; which is performed by from remony the fort was only a league that folemn day ; the Indian village. a in readinels for the attack, Every thing being ordered ten or twelve of the Foxes the gentral.of away, their bodies t the. beft runnners to throw, fell upon. the Thefe young men immediately killed all they met as they: cnemy's village and of death, and having came in, crying the cry, Aed with as much difcharged their arms, they quickneis as they came. 10: their arms and purfued The Illinois took up Foxes, lying on the them; but the army of the ground, GT - n holiday with the French. phichr * This is a great the Indians to To throw arvay their bodies, is among that are obliged to + their bodies to danger, as thofe do expole firft of all the breach to ftorm a place. mount --- Page 145 --- L-OU I S I A N. A: ROVG TIF ground, in the ligh grafs, difcharged all their arms and killed twenty-cight Ilinois: at the fame time they fell upon the village, and killed men, women and children ; fet fire to the village, and bound and led away the reft as captives. The Foxes loft but four men OEC in this glorious expedition, one of them being a chief with a medal * of the nation .of Sioux, who went with them as an ally. nn IT de Iv was a fpeétator of this flaughter, which happened on the fixth of June 1752. I was at that time on a hill which overlooks the plain and the village of the Mitchigamias. I had the opportunity of faving the life of a girl of fifteen of age, who came to bring me fome ftraw-ber- years berries, At the time of the attack, fhe ran away, and as the enemies purfued her, the ran into my arms, where the barbarians did not venture to fhoot at her, for fear of hitting me. a PGI I oder no ul o bnbotg K 3 This * This diftindion, of yvhich I have already fpoken, is granted by order of the King, through his general, to the moit valiant, Indians, and who are moft. attached to the French nation. S - orelg e omoR eu dond away, and as the enemies purfued her, the ran into my arms, where the barbarians did not venture to fhoot at her, for fear of hitting me. a PGI I oder no ul o bnbotg K 3 This * This diftindion, of yvhich I have already fpoken, is granted by order of the King, through his general, to the moit valiant, Indians, and who are moft. attached to the French nation. S - orelg e omoR eu dond --- Page 146 --- T R/A M E; LS THROUGN This account will inform you, that nothing than being taken unacan be more dangerous, None but thofe, who wares by thele nations. the at of curiofity to feer procefion were. goncout thei revenge the French fort of Chartres, efcaped of the Foxes, who contented with their.viétory, re-embarkedin their boats, and put the prifoners well bound inl the yan ; and paffing by the French fort of Koakias, they gave a general faiute with their guns. D0 nuu0s 1 bas n 0E0 atasl bon wat admiral of the Foxes, had The chief, or his and hoifted the French colours on canoe, of his victory, as if he had fubwas as proud / LO dued a great empire. A nal 00) X20 V1s has written to M. de Macarly, our govérnor, with the thofe in the pofls: of Canada, to treat the ranfom of the Illinois, whom Foxes concerning 10 V 2d: J07 they have taken prifoners. - Topr 2 lpir Xe tdos Indians had conduéted their u Thefe, cunning knewi of undertaking fo well, that we nothing ituill it was executeds they hid the knowledgeof chat we fhould interpole it from us,juftly fearing them and the Illinois, as pur mediation between allies of both; but the being the friends and offended --- Page 147 --- LUOIU INSI I A NI A. offended nation was defirous of only. vengeance 0n 1 The village of the Mitchigamias has loft cighty perfons, both killed and about fatal affair. prifoners, in this On the fixteenth of ZTune, I was ordered the commandant of Fort by the remains of the Chartres, to affemble and conquered tribes of Koakias Mitchiganias, and I held this fhort to them, by means of the King's fpeech s 0E interpreter. du I' fpeak to you, my children % on the part of your father, M. de Macarty, who takes a fhare in your great exhorts misfortune, at the fame time he you to take care in fowing your that you may efcape the want in which maize, at prefent. Here is fome maize, which he you are you, becaufe his heart fuffers to fee gives cned by hunger. He has likewife you weakgive this little told me to quantity of powder, fhot and fints; we cannot do better at prefent, becaufe we have our enemies as well as you, and we do not know when the boats will. come from the great village (i, e. Nezo Orleans) Your father K 4 recom- * The Indians are ufed to call every officer, myfather. is fome maize, which he you are you, becaufe his heart fuffers to fee gives cned by hunger. He has likewife you weakgive this little told me to quantity of powder, fhot and fints; we cannot do better at prefent, becaufe we have our enemies as well as you, and we do not know when the boats will. come from the great village (i, e. Nezo Orleans) Your father K 4 recom- * The Indians are ufed to call every officer, myfather. --- Page 148 --- TRA V EILS THROGOH a andi to.take rscommendait toyoutogoahuntiogs that they mayr have your families with you, leaving only a certain fomewhat to live'upon, take care of the ficlds, and number of men, to beafts from ruining them S the wild to prevent likewife take care to fend one ofn your you muft time to. times 0 to inquire how people from bio I matters ftand here: 111 lonasuol bozail 000s 5 110 of the Tribes: 0 10 The Anfeuer ef the Chiefs Laboanne a 00 - 1 ENDl Father,thatthe greatehiefn c Icisvery wella my brave aétion to be fur- < pities us. Itwas a very < ofit, for thou haft faved the life ridsore an cye-witnels our, tribe haye been killed C of onejof our girls; : burnt our huts with our ebyt the Foxes, who have during our reand taken our booty, c viétuals, Thoumut think, thac GE treat atthe Kafkakias. herc, or they muft ftarve, cer we. cannot leave any the death of our relacC andi iwould ever lament, this fad aftion. But to in c6 tions, who perifhed. of our fidelity, tell hims c convince our father fubftance (paper), of the fpeaking 66 by means we (hall fend fome one s that from time to time 66 of call the fuperior officeis of a pro, Thus thefe' nations rince or difrie, --- Page 149 --- La OUIS1 I A NAA, 137! c of our people to him with game to know what 65 happens here, radr 0 1-27. antinel TnoY mgo a Tlan gmyol ogu avil of aetwomol bIsS Wel hope the grand chief of the <s will and French proreét help us' to fhelter cc ourfelves a gainitthe enemy: Webegtheelikewiter to make intereft with him that he may be fo 6 fend word good as to to feveral families of Kc who ftayed the our people, sin order among Kefakias, to join uIS, toaffift usin the common: K6 the intended defence of fort, of which we have ss the plan on the fhore of the drawn T1 02 Tulf vA Miltfppi." U eourl Speech oF Chikagou, a Chief with a Medal. 661 I beg, my father, that thou wouldft cc arms" mended, and wei fhall aftér get our decamp thar simmediately : and that thou wilt tell the <6 chief not to hear the bad words, which grand c enemies will not fail to throw out our 56 nation, let him remember the againft our 66 him, it Thall be a true promife I made onc; andi I preferve his rwords in my hearz," 20el e Anpoer. If what thou fayeft be true, thy fathér wili receive thee well, and all the other chiefs will endeavour aftér get our decamp thar simmediately : and that thou wilt tell the <6 chief not to hear the bad words, which grand c enemies will not fail to throw out our 56 nation, let him remember the againft our 66 him, it Thall be a true promife I made onc; andi I preferve his rwords in my hearz," 20el e Anpoer. If what thou fayeft be true, thy fathér wili receive thee well, and all the other chiefs will endeavour --- Page 150 --- TRATELSI THROUGH thec, if thy heart agree endeavour to pleafe thou fhouldft with thy tongue.. It is! neceffary which the dogs foon: confider the damage fet out have done among the cattle beof thy village inhabitants 88, and with longing to- the French fuffer ity that they what tranquility they about it, isin confihave hitherto faid nothing which grieve deration e of your misfortunes, reduced to this them, and they cannot fee you moved at itt but fad condition without being therefore you muft rethey begin to bel tired; will be fatisfied when ihe medy it. Your father the country, knows that you are gone to hunting fuffer hunis afflicted to fee you becaufe hisheart DE imbab and he piries his children. de NI o ger, W O o 111 with you good fuc908 As to myfcli, I heartily crop at your recels in hunting, and a plentiful will have pity furn. I hope the Great Spirit it to you; do not flighr him reçommend that is, upon people not to play the fool, your young female beavers in the lakes not to deftroy the and ad aur L a ut aEltN dogs for hunting ; and they The Indians have many theiridogs were hunthemfelves having'loit their provifions, of the: French. The Indjan gry,. and devoured the cattle partakes of the, wolf and the dogs are of a breed which dog- --- Page 151 --- Li.OU ISI D A N A. and hunting places of your enemies, who will not fail to be revenged for it, as you have unhappily experienced. Your father has: written to Mr. Adamville. who commands at the Peorias, to make peace. with the Foxes, and to treat. with them your about the ranfom of your wives and children, whom they have taken dizes fhall prifoners 6 the merchanbe furnifhed for that purpofe for the account of the kings your father, grand chief of the white men and of the red men. Ws Among the Indians, thofe who run à defert in an action, where their away or defence of their honour, and the country is at ftake, are not punifhed; but they are confidered as the of human nature. The difgrace others are continually reproaching them, that they are not men, but old women 5 they. are defpifed by the very wo. men, and the uglieft girls will not accept of them for hufbands, and if ever it happened that a girl fhould be willing to marry a coward, her relations would not allow of it, for fear of having men without courage, and ufelefs to their country in their family. Thele men, are to let their hair grow, and to wear an alkonan, obliged like difgrace others are continually reproaching them, that they are not men, but old women 5 they. are defpifed by the very wo. men, and the uglieft girls will not accept of them for hufbands, and if ever it happened that a girl fhould be willing to marry a coward, her relations would not allow of it, for fear of having men without courage, and ufelefs to their country in their family. Thele men, are to let their hair grow, and to wear an alkonan, obliged like --- Page 152 --- V ELS! THROUGA TRA U who *. I faw one of them, like the women went by hifelf to being athamed of his figure, our N enemies and who are fight the Tehikachas, them, creeping like a fnake, theirs. He came near during himfelf in the great grafs and hiding without eating or drinking. thrée or four days, to the thikechas As the Englilh bring goods Tllinois killed one (Chickfaws) in caravans, our cût them who had ftrayed from the caravan, of mounted his horfe, and got off. off his head, this fine expediHe was out three months upon nation received him tion. On his Teturn the that He due honour; and gave him a wife, with Before his departure he" might beget warriors. conformably to in the opinion eat of dog's flefh, and of which I current among his people, of fpeaking toyou. have already had the honour to 3u31OS0S ui smast dc ter obonegih an mitstriadefenticinons The grand chiefofthe who were formerly the family of the Tamaroas, nThis Cacique or fovereigns ofl this country. ofeh him that went to Indian king, is the fon He was . with his attendants in 1720: France who gave him a medal preiented to the King, the fon now wears on with his portrait, which ONI to sndgmis olit his to Hsbit 1675 which the Indian women makenfe of, A "Mhort petticoat, to cover their nakednefs. aewo 1sit 2 --- Page 153 --- L O U I S N A. - : his breaft. 141, There was, likewife Ga woman.of thel nation of the Mijouris, who was. called the cefs of the Mifourist. The Sieur prinel jcant, and Dajois, 2 fers; interpreter of thofe American ambaf facors, having been created an officer -by the King, married this Millourian She, lady. at his returna beeame ai widow; and afterwards the Sieur Marin a captain of the married whom. fhe had a. daughter, who is mhilitiag byn fillalive. The Indian, ontf 211 D 3 dimocas ut O princels defcribed to her men the magnilicence fhe had, countryof France, where fhe had been feen.at the A court and loaded with, well reccived,n prelents, the had, other. things, got a fine, repcating watch amongft fot diamonds, which. the favages with called a account of its motion, which feemed pirit, Onf ral to them. fupernatu001 tor lo thre -Lhave here poken with an old was in the retinue of, the Prince Indian, who afked him feveral queftions Tamaroass Ii concerning a hiem France, mel wag od ar and * She was the daughter of the grand chief of this Itis faid the was M.d Baurinsef's.miliren, nation. command among the who, during his tol' the wonders ofl Mifiurit, never ceafed to praile andexral to follow. him : France, this and by that means engaged fevegion, and ivas girl went over to the Chrifian relibaptifii at the church of NatreDar. oass Ii concerning a hiem France, mel wag od ar and * She was the daughter of the grand chief of this Itis faid the was M.d Baurinsef's.miliren, nation. command among the who, during his tol' the wonders ofl Mifiurit, never ceafed to praile andexral to follow. him : France, this and by that means engaged fevegion, and ivas girl went over to the Chrifian relibaptifii at the church of NatreDar. --- Page 154 --- TRAVE L S THROUGI : he had feen at Pas what fine fights and efpecially that'it was the Rué de Bouches His: he anfwered, becaufe there was a great' ries, (the Thambles) and after that' the Rnest abundance of Aelh 3 that he When he told his countrymen Honoré. and that all the people there had feen the opera, and that he Hikewife or forcerers : who' are jugglers fome little men faw, upon the Pont-Netf, would not believe him. danced and fung * they village of the When he faid, that, in the great as he had feen as many people French (Paris)s the trées in their forefts, (an there are leaves on make ufe ofto ex hyperbole which the Indians no words to exprefs a" great number, having they anfwver number above a hundred), prefs a probably had fafcinated ed, that the Europeans and that they his eyes, that it was impormibles, to his eyes. offered the fame objeéts had always had feen the huts of the grand He faid that he Verfaillés and Loworés chief of the French, i.e. there contained more pople-than he and that they that in' their country: he Hkewnfe-added, are hut of the old warriors, (the royal had feen the As this old Indian began hofpital of invalids). with the'other Indians, already to doat, he agreed bewitched him. Another that the French had dt aIllinois, A pappetc-fhow. --- Page 155 --- LOUI SI: a : A N A. Ilinois, who had made the fame his countrymen, that, in, the voyage, told other public SThuilleries, and walks, he had feen men were. half women, having their hair dreffed who, women, wearing the fame, like nofe-gays.on ear-rings, and grear theirbreaft; that he fufpected put.ronge on their faces, and that he found they fmelled like crocodiles *, they S This Indian poke with the P of that race of mortals, whom greateft contempe the name of we know under born with the petits-maitres, or beaus, who. are weaknefs and the to women 5 nature feeming to have delicacypeculiae ing them fuch, and afterwards begun maktake in the formation of to make a miftheir fex. The Indian had likewife remarked mous height of the head-dreffes the cnorin that time t and of the heels of our women Eut what would he have of their fhoés. faid, if-he had feen the, extravagant width of thein hoops, and their fine thape The crocodile in the Mifppi has which finells frongerthan the Eait Indian. follicles withi muik, are fo frong, thatyou can often mufk; ; its efluvia fecit. fmnell the animal befire yout During the regency. the head-dreffes the cnorin that time t and of the heels of our women Eut what would he have of their fhoés. faid, if-he had feen the, extravagant width of thein hoops, and their fine thape The crocodile in the Mifppi has which finells frongerthan the Eait Indian. follicles withi muik, are fo frong, thatyou can often mufk; ; its efluvia fecit. fmnell the animal befire yout During the regency. --- Page 156 --- T R A V.EIL S 1 THROUGH into that ele-. forced, from their infancy, are ihape called ftays. Thefe coquets gant cuirals by their artifices, than their not lefs ridiculous' have made the obfervation," filly adorers. You the courle of your travels: as I have done, in and coun-: Europe, that the foreigners our: through who come to Paris to copy try gentlemeny have rendered themfelves: beaus and our belles, by this unnainfupportable to their countrymen indeed, faid our Ametural method of- acting: manners difhonour arericang: fuch. effeminate ipectable nation. 19 de: D- reccived a letter from the Marquis Ihave which he exprefles great conçern. Yaudreuil, in which has befallen mc,: for the unhappy accident This from by the wreck of my boat. governor, which is natural effect of his generolity, as much: a pure has been willing to alleviate, to him, the fate of-an unhappy offias is in his power, he had in the King's fervice. cer, who loft all leave to come to New OrHe has given me and his table; I leans; and offered me his purfe Francel by the time afraid he will be gone for faid with am Neco Orleans. It may be I arrive at deferved the efteem and friendtruth, that he has The Indians inceffantly fhip of every body. com- --- Page 157 --- L OUI S I A N A. compare him now to M. de Bierrville, his ceffor. When thefe people do not fpeak prede- in praifc of a governor, but, on the contrary, with all the inhabitants in detefting him, icis agrée the ftrongeft accufation againft him. Before I conclude, I fhall add a word about the Mifouris. Baron Porneuf, who has vernor of Fort Orleans eftablifhed in that beenigo- nation, and who knows their genius perfectly has informed me, that they were formerly well, warlike and good, but that the French hunters very had corrupted them, by their bad conduct, and by fome difunions among them; they had made themfelves contemptible by frauds in trade; they feduced and carried off the Indian women, which, among thefe people, is a very great crime; for they never pardon fuch forts of robberies. All the irregularities of thefe bad Frenchmen irritated the Milouris againft them and therefore, during M. de Bierville's $ ment, they maffacred the Sieur governlittle garrifon under his Dubois, and the foldier commnand; and as no efcaped, we have never been able to know who was right and who was wrong. The ftory I ihall tell you will convince that thefe people are only nominally you, VoL. I. favages, and L that beries. All the irregularities of thefe bad Frenchmen irritated the Milouris againft them and therefore, during M. de Bierville's $ ment, they maffacred the Sieur governlittle garrifon under his Dubois, and the foldier commnand; and as no efcaped, we have never been able to know who was right and who was wrong. The ftory I ihall tell you will convince that thefe people are only nominally you, VoL. I. favages, and L that --- Page 158 --- THROUGH. 146 TRAVELS that the French, who endeavoured to impofe have deceived themfelves. About upon them, when thefe Americans did not forty years ago, or hunter yet know the Europeans, a traveller into their country, made them acpenetrated with fire-arms, and fold them mufkets quainted they went out a-hunting,. and and gunpowder: of game, and of courfe many got great plenty traveller went thither fome time furs., Another but the Indians being after, with ammunitions : barter with ftill provided, they did not care to who invented al very, odd trick, the Frenchman, without much trouin order tol fell his powder, that might bling his head with. the confequences He trefult from his impofture to his countrymen. thought he had done a great aêtion in deceiving thefe poor, people. curious, they As the Indians are naturally which were defirous of knowing how powder, they called grains was made in France. The traveller made them believe, thatit was fown in and that they had crops of it as of favamnahs, indigo or millet in America. The Milouris were pleafed with this difcovery, and fowed all the gun-powder they, had left, which obliged them to buy that of the Frenchman, --- Page 159 --- L O U: I S I A N A. man; who got a confiderable quantity of beaver-fkins, otter-fkins, 8cc. for it, and afterwards went down the riverto the Ilnois, where M-de Tonti commanded. 10, The Mifouris went from time to time to the favannah, to fee if the powder was they had placed a guard growing: wild beafts from there, to hinder the fpoiling the field; but foon found out the Frenchman's trick: It they be obferved, that the Indians Can be deceived muft but once, and that they always remember accordingly thefe were refolved to be it', upon the firft Frenchman that fhould revenged them. Soon after, the hopes of come to the traveller to fend his profit excited with goods partner to the Mifouris, proper for their foon found out, that this commerce; they ciated with the Frenchman was affoman who had them ; however, they diffembled impofed the upon his predeceffor had played. trick which public hut, which They gave him the was in the middlc of the village, to dépofit his bales in; and wheni were all laid out to view, the Mifouris they confufedly, and all thofe who had came in enough to fow been foolifh goods; fo the gun-powder, took away fome his bales poor Frenchman was rid of' all at once, but without any equivalent L 2 from his predeceffor had played. trick which public hut, which They gave him the was in the middlc of the village, to dépofit his bales in; and wheni were all laid out to view, the Mifouris they confufedly, and all thofe who had came in enough to fow been foolifh goods; fo the gun-powder, took away fome his bales poor Frenchman was rid of' all at once, but without any equivalent L 2 from --- Page 160 --- THROUGH 148 TRAVELS * much of from the Indians. He. complained be-, and laid his grievances thefe proceedings, chief, who anfwered him very fore the great he fhould have juftice done him, gravely : That he muft wait for the but that for that purpofe fown gun-powder harveft, his fubjeôts having by the advice of his countrythat commodity believe upon the wordofa man.; that he might he fovereign, that, after that harveft was over, would order a general hunt, and that all the fkins of the wild beafts which fhould be taken, fhould be given in return for the important fewhich the other Frenchman had taught cret, them. traveller alledged, that the ground of the Our Milfouris was not fit for producing gun-powder, that and that his fubjects had not taken notice, the country where it fucceeded. France was only ufelefs; he returned in. All his reafoning was afhamed of much Jighter than he came, and having been correéted by favage men. This leffon did not prevent others from going one of them intended to play a to the Milouriss which good trick there; he got ready a piragua, of he loaded-with trifles; and, being informed adventure, he filled a little cafk the preceding with --- Page 161 --- L O U I S I A N A. with afhes and which he pounded charcoal, at the top of put fome gun-powder. When he arrivel, he put all his goods in the order to tempt the great hut, in Mifouris to rob him; it happened as he expedted. The made a great noife, gave the Indians Frenchtnan language, "and, abulive running to the cafk of powder, he opened it, took a gunand cried out, I have loft burning match, up the hut, and my wits, I will blow you fhall come with me to the country of the fpirits. The: Indians were ened; and knew not what to do; the fright: Frenchmen who came with him other doors, and cried were out of fenfes, out, our brother has loft his and he will not recover them he gets his goods back, again, till for them. The or till he gets paid for chiefs went the to exhort the through village, people to pay'; thofe who had relations in the hut joined them; any were moved, and the people furs he had into the every one brought all"the hut; the Frenchman faid he had found his fenfes then prefented him with again. The chief the.calumet, he fmoked, and poured water upon the gun-powder to make it ufeleis, or rather to hide his fraud from the Indians. He brought home fine furs to the of a thoufand crowns. The value Indians have ever L 3 fince the hut joined them; any were moved, and the people furs he had into the every one brought all"the hut; the Frenchman faid he had found his fenfes then prefented him with again. The chief the.calumet, he fmoked, and poured water upon the gun-powder to make it ufeleis, or rather to hide his fraud from the Indians. He brought home fine furs to the of a thoufand crowns. The value Indians have ever L 3 fince --- Page 162 --- TRAVELS THROUGH fince held him in great efteem, giving him the name of a true man, or men of courage. I fhall finith my letter with the defcription of odd and extraordinary ceremony, pera very who came hither as amformed by the Mifouris, de baffadors, at the time when the Chevalier commanded here. This tragic ftory. Boifriant the fame time ferve to teach officers, will at noble ambition, afpire to miliwho, through a both the theoretical and tary commands, that ought abfolutely the praétical part of geography and that' it is necefto be underftood by them ; the interior fitufaryt they fhould carefully ftudy in oration of a country where they are at war, avoid all of the enemy, and to der to furprifes of the men who are under preferve the lives I fhall now tell, will fuftheir care. What convince them of this neceflity. ficiently Iy TT during the Spain faw, with great difpleafure, The on the Miltfippi : regency, our fettlements no intrigues to Englifh too, on their fide,fpared do fill in re; ruin this growing colony, as' they the river Okio, gard to thofe upon the banks of have which they fay belongs to them ; and they likewife laid claim to the Miltfpgi. In --- Page 163 --- L O U. I S I A N A. 151: In 1720, the Spaniards formed the fertling at the Milouris, who delign of in order to confine are near the Illinois, us more to the weftward ; the Mifouris are far diftant isi the moft northerly from'NewMesico, which have. province the Spaniards They believed, that in order to . colony in fafety, it was put their entirely neceffary they fhould deftroy the Mijfouris, but that it would be concluding their impofible to fubdue them with own forces alone, they refolved to make alliance with the Ofages, a an neighbours of people who were the their mortal theMifouris, and at the fame time enemies, hoping, with their ance, to furprife and deftroy their affift. With that view they formed a enemies. Fé, confifting of caravan at Santamen, women; and having a Tacobine prieft for their foldiers, an chaplain, and engineer-captain for their chief and or, with the horfes and cattle conduét. manent fettlement. neceffaryfora per- - n The caravan being fet out, miftook and arrived at the its road; the Ofages, Mijouris, taking them to be Immediately the conduétor of caravan orders his the chief of the inserpreter to fpeak to the Mafauris, as if he had been that of L 4 the foldiers, an chaplain, and engineer-captain for their chief and or, with the horfes and cattle conduét. manent fettlement. neceffaryfora per- - n The caravan being fet out, miftook and arrived at the its road; the Ofages, Mijouris, taking them to be Immediately the conduétor of caravan orders his the chief of the inserpreter to fpeak to the Mafauris, as if he had been that of L 4 the --- Page 164 --- TRAVELS S THROUGH and tell him that they were come to the Ojagas, with him, in order to deftroy make an alliance enemies. together the'Mifoaris their apA chief of the Mifouris concealed his The great fhewed the Spathoughts upon this expedition, to exeniards figns of great joy, and promifed him much cute a 'defign with them which. gave them to pleafure. To that purpofe he invited reft for a few days after their tirefome and journey, held till he had' affembled his warriors, ofthis council'with the old men : but theirefult that they fhould entertain council of war was, and affect the fincereft théir guefts very well, L a friendthip for them. nnd 57 1n together to fet out in three days. They agreed diftributed fifThe Spanifh captain immediately amongftthein, with anequal tenhundredmuifkerss fabres, and hatchets; but number of piftols, the Mithe very morning after this agreement, by break of day, into the Spanilh fauris came, killed them all except the yacobine camp; and drefs did not feem to beprieft, whofe fingular called him a mag-pie, long to a warrior: they him ride and diverted themfelves with making of of the horfes, on their days pn one Spanifh affembly. e The --- Page 165 --- L O U ISI 5 A N. A. 153 though he was careffed and well 1 The prieft, unealinels, fearing that fed, was not without him to the thefe jokes would end in facrificing one Manitou, or deity of the Indians; ; therefore, in advanrage of their confidence day, taking his meafures. tol get away before him, he took tranfadions the Miffouris their faces. All thofe the themfelves have related, when. they brought of the chapel hither. They were ornaments. the chief had dreffed out in thefe ornamentsi the the naked fkin the chafuble, with paten on from his neck, having driven a nail fufpended and making ufe of-it-as a breaftthrough it, at. the head ofall plate; he uarched gravely. with feathers and. a the others, being crowned followed him had pair of horns. Thofe that thofe who more chafubles on; after them came the carried the ftole, followed by thofe who had their neckss after them came three fcarfs-about Indians, fome with albs, and others or four young contrary.to with furplices on. The Acolothiits, not order, were at the end of. this.procelion, hands adorned enough, and heldin. their. being whilft they. dançed in.caa crofs or chandelier, the refpect dence. a Thefe people, not knowing the chalice to a due to the facred utenfils, hung horfe's neck, as if it had been a bell. Reprefent fs-about Indians, fome with albs, and others or four young contrary.to with furplices on. The Acolothiits, not order, were at the end of. this.procelion, hands adorned enough, and heldin. their. being whilft they. dançed in.caa crofs or chandelier, the refpect dence. a Thefe people, not knowing the chalice to a due to the facred utenfils, hung horfe's neck, as if it had been a bell. Reprefent --- Page 166 --- TRAVELS THROUGH the ridiculous fight Reprefent to yourfelf muft order of this proceffion which the fingular arrived before the houfe offer to the eve, as they lieutenant, the King's of 1 M. de Boifbriant and with the great calumarching in cadence, according to cuftom. met of peace difplayed who faw this mafquerade The firft Frenchman M. de Boiforiant arrive, ran laughing to give who is as pious intelligence of it, this officer, with grief at the as heis bravé, was overcome and knew. not what to fight of.thel Indians, he feared they had deftroys think of the'event : but when he faw ed fome French fettlement; vanifhed, and he had them near bys his fadnefs from laughing with much to do to keep himfelf the reit. told him, that the Spaniards The Mifouris them; that they intended to have deftroyed of no him all thefe things, as being brought and that, if he would, he might ufe to them, in return as were more to give them fuch goods he gave them fome their liking. Accordingly to M. de Bienville, goods, and fent the ornaments of the province svho was then governorgeneral pf Louijfana. As --- Page 167 --- L - U I S I A N A. 155. As the Indians had got a great number 'of Spanifh horfes from this caravan, the chief of the Milfouris gave the fineft to M.de Boifuriant: They had likewife brought with them A the map which had conduéted the Spaniards fo ill, who came to furrender themfelves, by confeffing their intention to their enemies. - - L0 trs - I thall profit of the permiflion which I have obtained to go down to New Orleans. If I find our general, and a letter from you there, it will be a double pleafure to me, Iam, SIR, &c. - 11 the Illinois, the 15th ef May 1753. blt a 3 - 3 - u snol Tiekemal Reo e0 1 de a 0D GW Dil l dara baes cmad - 6 003st 41 busoia douk Moni wwhg sgs - G 2 ocda meui - din bet ahnog n50 -n 1000Y0 neel uy LET- --- Page 168 --- TRAVELS THROUGH I I E R VIII. To the fame. leaves the Country ef the Tilinois, and The Author Arrival ef Monfieur, de goes to Nes Orleans. the Marquis de VatKerlerecs Departure of Voyageto the Illinois. dreuil. The Author's fecond himjelfAtion'of a Father, wwho facrificed Heroid for kis Seit. itudo 11 SI R, I arrived at the Capital of XX WR N June I found a letter from FA I N Louijfiana, where a which gave me real pleafure, by you, continue to enjoy your informing me that you for the lois I had of our health, and it made up when I came hither I dear governor's prefence; to France ; and to heard he was already gone Mr. Michel- de loa compleat my misfortunes, S he had:t Ruevilliero was dead of an apoplexy wrote I arrived at the Capital of XX WR N June I found a letter from FA I N Louijfiana, where a which gave me real pleafure, by you, continue to enjoy your informing me that you for the lois I had of our health, and it made up when I came hither I dear governor's prefence; to France ; and to heard he was already gone Mr. Michel- de loa compleat my misfortunes, S he had:t Ruevilliero was dead of an apoplexy wrote --- Page 169 --- L O U I S I A N A. wrote to me that be had with forrow heard the lofs of my boat, and that of it was not the king's cuftom to re-imburfe notwithttanding fuch expences, yet he would repair this lois with fure for my, relief: that I fhould make pleaaccount of all I had loft, and an exact join to it a certificate from M. de Macarty, the commander of the convoy : this was, hc faid, an indifpenfable ceflity, that this article nemay at leaft have fome appearance, and thus be entered in the he promifed that as foon as he fhould accounts have ; paper, he would fettle what I was to receive. this TheMarquis de Vaudreuil had recommended at his départure to his fucceffor M. de me who has not paid any attention Kerlerer, to his recommendation; his qualities are quite the reverfe of thofe of his predeceffor ; but this new governor alledges, that he is not come fo far, the fake of changing the air. merely for New Orleans, and He kept me at only allowed me to rejoin garrifon in 1754, with the convoy which my: Faverot commanded. I could Mede 1 not, find room to embark my provifions for the any on account of the number of goods voyage. was allowed to take as, a venture, and every one filled the king's boats: I made which, fentations my juft on this fubjec to M. de Kerlerec, reprer made me fuffer all kinds of difagrecable who circumftances --- Page 170 --- THROUGH 158 TRAVELS ftances on this occafion. After which, having what. venture I took with me, I anafked me fwered,that I underftood nothing of commerce: 5 his majefty. had fent me to that being a foldier, I all my Lowifiana to ferve him, and that placed in that fervice, at laft M: derKerlerec gave -glory me leave to join my garrifon. I left New Orleans the feventeenth of Auguft, but the boats, as I have alrcady faid, were fo much laden with ventures, that being overtaken by the froft, we could not get to the Illinois, but to winter on the road; and the were obliged which convoy, only arrived in January, 1755, extortions and immenfe cofts for the occafioned The fatigue of fo long a king's account. health fo much, thate I was voyage ruined my extremity. I was. conreduced to the utmoft Indians, and when I was tired, duéted on foot by made in carried me in a dreffed OX hide, they the form of a hamock, hung upon a great pole, as a litter. They changed fuccelfively, the and in this manner I came once more to Chartres, where I lay in a hut, till I old fort which could get a lodging in the new fort, almoft finifhed. It is built of free ftonc, is with four baftions, and capable of conflanked hundred men. I taining 2 garrifon of three afked in carried me in a dreffed OX hide, they the form of a hamock, hung upon a great pole, as a litter. They changed fuccelfively, the and in this manner I came once more to Chartres, where I lay in a hut, till I old fort which could get a lodging in the new fort, almoft finifhed. It is built of free ftonc, is with four baftions, and capable of conflanked hundred men. I taining 2 garrifon of three afked --- Page 171 --- LiO U I S IAN A. afked M. de Macarty's leave to to air at the Kaokias, who go change the Fort are a day's journey from Chartres, and the road to it is water or by land. In this either by fort on the left fide of poft there is a little great road of the the Milfppi, it is the Illinois to Canada, and ter of commerce of New the cenwhich is confiderable France, or Louijfiana, in furs. The priefts of the order of St. whom the ifle and town of Sulpicius, to have eftablifhed Montreal a miffion here under the belong, of the Holy Family of Tefats. name three priefts. I have been There are but quainted with the Abbé particularly acbirth, and vicar of the Mercier, a Canadian by -He was a man of whole country of Ilinois. could probity, whofe not fail of being of ufe to friendfhip knowledge hehad me, by the acquired of themanners ofthe Indians, who were edified by his virtue and intereftednefs. He fpoke the dif countrys and on account of language of the the which he expreffed himfelf Auency with efteemed in it, he was highly in among the Indians, who all matters. He has confult him culivating the Lord's fpent forty five years in countries, and the vineyard in' thefe diftant Indian nations of thefe parts a have. the acquired of themanners ofthe Indians, who were edified by his virtue and intereftednefs. He fpoke the dif countrys and on account of language of the the which he expreffed himfelf Auency with efteemed in it, he was highly in among the Indians, who all matters. He has confult him culivating the Lord's fpent forty five years in countries, and the vineyard in' thefe diftant Indian nations of thefe parts a have. --- Page 172 --- TR A - VE L S THROUGH him. A man of his chahave always. refpeéted have lived long cnough for racter could never This worthy of thefe people. inthe happinefs fell into a confumption of Lowihand, at half an apoftle he died of it one Friday Lent, and expiring as a Chriftian hour after eleven at night, prefence of mind, hero. He had an admirable much. The I have regretted him very the and and the Indians were inconfolables their cufFrench deputies according to latter, fent their his tomb. They came tom to lament him on arrived near the in fwarms, and as foon as they cried cut aioud and houfe of the late Abbé, they, Thefe poor people made doleful lamentations, and gricf was confternation, were in a great faces. Thefe people, whom painted on their the true virtue in man : we call favages, know almoft during his whole this man had worked called him their fan life for. their welfares they and the chief of the prayer. ther between this mifdifference is there What a anterior to him, who falfely fionary and another of Lonjhands the difcovery attributed to himfelf friar, of the father Hennepins a Recollet he I mean In 1683, pubwhom I fhall fpeak to you, of which is not right: the title for lifhed a rclation, --- Page 173 --- Lo 2 U Is! f A N 4 for the country which the Recollet, and the Sieur Decan difcovered in going up the from the river of Illinois to the fall St. Mifffippi not belong to Louifana, but to Canada. Anthony, does lation of a fecond voyage of father The rethe Recucil des Voyages du Nord, Hernepin, in is falfe bears a title which equally : voyage to a than Europe, between the frozen country greater new Mexico; for though they have ocean, and far up the Miffippi, they have ftill gone very great diftance from the frozen been at a the autlor ocean. When publithed this fecond relation he had quarrelled with M. de la Salle ; it feems was actually forbid that he that the returning to America, and difpleafure this reftriction prompted him to retire to Holland, gave him, publifhed a third work, intitled where he tion of a very a new defcrip. between great country, fituated in America new Mexico and the frozen ocean, with refleétions on M. de la Salle's other things concerning undertakings and tory of North the defcription and hif America. The author there not only verits all ture on M. de la Salle, but his ill-naupon France, likewife throws it by the nation. pretending to have been ill-treated He means to fave his honour declaring that he was born a fubjest of by VoL. I, the CaM tholic country, fituated in America new Mexico and the frozen ocean, with refleétions on M. de la Salle's other things concerning undertakings and tory of North the defcription and hif America. The author there not only verits all ture on M. de la Salle, but his ill-naupon France, likewife throws it by the nation. pretending to have been ill-treated He means to fave his honour declaring that he was born a fubjest of by VoL. I, the CaM tholic --- Page 174 --- THROUGH TRAYELS but he ought to refleôt that it, tholic king. ; of France that he travelled was at the expence that it was in the name of his in America, and that he and the Sieur, mott Chriftian majefty, of the countries which Decan took poffefion He, did. not fear they, had, dhfcovered. with the, confent of, to advanccs that it was his frft fovereign, that his Carholic majelty, relations to William. the he dedicated his Britainl, in which H he Third, king of Great thele vaft regit folicits that monarch to conquer thithery to. tcach ons, and to fend Milionaries religions.a procceding the Indians the Chriftian of the Catholics, and which excited the ridicule who were farprized feandalized the Proteftants, called himfelf a miftionary,, to iee a prielt who fovereign to found A Roman exhort a Proteltant All bis works are befides, church in America. ftile, which fhocks the written in a pompous him by the libertics which, réader, and offends his indecent invetives, the author takes, and by; he might make ufe of Father Hemepin. thought but he has lnkewile the privilege of a traveller, his fellow-travellerss been muck cried down by, he was very unhave often declared, that - who - ali 0u faichful doute isits 1/0a 304 511" 509 a 11317 native of. br Doways: pie * Father Henneppin was TNO --- Page 175 --- : L U I - I A N A. faithful in all his there atcounts. It was more vanity in his appears that thar true zeal in undertaking, merica. 2.13 hax 3d making profelytes in 4. Boiyr PAITIUON Sit on lenog aloos PAAC Whilt I was at the the nation of Koakias, fome Indians of Ofager arrived toit, or falfc there; their Mamimonftrous fize, deity, Was a dried ferpent, of a prodigious animal Thefe people faid that this had committed tations in their great devafcountry; that it tyger-cat all at once; that fwallowed a declared war againft it, and confequently they had it, They followed it were gone to attack balls nor by the track, bur neither arrows could penetrate its was covered with very hard body, which a' crocodile. They fucceeded fcales, like thofe of it to death by at laft in putting which blinded thooting it. balls and arrows at it, the mark He that had killed lit 1. ori impreffion of i on his carried fame manner as the Akanzas body, X in the roe-buck on my thigh. They imprinted the ing mark in the make this laftdraw with following manner. They firft black, or with figure of the animal or gun-powder the prefent, on the flefh; object they mean to re- a13 fkin in the out-line, after which they fing the to the blood ; the with one Or more needles figure is then lightly wafhed M 2 over preffion of i on his carried fame manner as the Akanzas body, X in the roe-buck on my thigh. They imprinted the ing mark in the make this laftdraw with following manner. They firft black, or with figure of the animal or gun-powder the prefent, on the flefh; object they mean to re- a13 fkin in the out-line, after which they fing the to the blood ; the with one Or more needles figure is then lightly wafhed M 2 over --- Page 176 --- THROUOH TAAYELS dipt in a folution of rock over with a, Sne fpunge blood with the black, conialt,. which mixes the been Rung,and rentracting the fkin which.has Thisis not donewithe ders the figure indelible, a kind of knighthood fome pain : but as it is out they are only. inticled by great : actions, for tO which in orden to pafs they fuffer with) pleafure, marks of diftinéion Thefe men, of. courage. to the fine actions' they multiply in proportion suf 01 - 3b0 do in'war. wimtabo 10 55m 9y aoradi them thould get himfelf marked, J1 If one of previouly, dittingusithed himielf without having and looked battle, he would be degraded, honour, in coward, unworthy of ran: upon as a to thofe who, generoully ex-, which only belongs defence of their country. The pofe their lives in, fons of Caciquess in as Indians only, value the after the are brave and virtuous. much as chey fathers and anceftors, cone PI example of their, an orl ATEM he had never. I 2 faw. an, Indian, who, though of the nation, fignalized himfelf in defence mark on his body, in however, chofe to get a. judged from.apOrder to deceive thole who only of courage He would pals for a man girls pearances. one of the; prettielt with a, view to obtain who, favage as, the was, oft the nation in marriages was :. 4evO --- Page 177 --- Li O U IS SI I A N A. was however not without ambition. on' the.poirt of As he was relations, the concluding the match with her warriors, full feeing a coward boaft with of-indignation on military merit, a mark due only to held? an affembly of chiefs war, in order to punifh fuch of The council agreed, that, to obviate audacioufnef, abufe, which would confound fuch an cowards, he who had brave men with felf with the wrongfully adorned himfigure of a club on his out ever having ftruck fkin, withhave the mark a blow at war, fhould be Aayed, torn off, thatis, the place fhould and that the fame flhould be ail who would offend in done to usalor the fame cafe, U As there was no pardon to hope demnation being for, his conIndian fenate, pronounced by an act of this who is jealous of honour of the nation, I maintaining the tion of the offered, in commiferaFrench poor wretch, to cure him in the and manner; I faid I would take off the mark without the fkin remedy would hurting him, and that my Indians, change the blood into water. The ignorant of my fecret, ed with them: : therefore, believed I jeft. jugglers, I gave the pretended councerfeiting their full of fyrup of the bravo a calabafh maple-trec, into put a" dofe of which'T had opium; and, whilft he was alleep, M3 9e 2ur Lap- would take off the mark without the fkin remedy would hurting him, and that my Indians, change the blood into water. The ignorant of my fecret, ed with them: : therefore, believed I jeft. jugglers, I gave the pretended councerfeiting their full of fyrup of the bravo a calabafh maple-trec, into put a" dofe of which'T had opium; and, whilft he was alleep, M3 9e 2ur Lap- --- Page 178 --- I THRC OUCHI 166 TRAYELSI of the club Spanifh flies to ther figure I applied bore on 2 his breaft, and over them which he leaves, which, çaufed tumours; fome plantain the mark went 1 off, and a watery the fkxin-and This method of proceeding matter came out: who were ignorant furprifed. the Indian jugglers, which are of the Spanilh flies, qr Cantharidesy America: They give 4 very çommon in North and even the imalleft types dight in night-time ; the infeêt near to the can be read, by holding the: lines. notad sitapenes letters; and following Blad WEW 31000 A 3201171 l : rinr the manners, of There is often a fimilarity though they the Indians and of the Europeans, different tamongt themfelves. omay appear ever.fo example is a proof of ite An The following the of the Ifle de officer belonging to inlove, regiment with a young lady at France, having fallen mother of, the lady tald him, Paris in 1749, the give him her, daughter, that fhe would willingly adorned with the crofs of St. provided.he was toaccelerate his marriages lore Louis. In order of taking that infpired him with the thought which, the King alone diftinétion from himfelfs already looked upon can givé away. The lady but afew days-afters the him as her fon-in-lawis ani officer of hisregifalle chevalier is met by himiin the fervice, is ment, who, being before furprifed Mr --- Page 179 --- L:O. UIESII A NS A. furprifed to fee him obtain the crofs before himfelf The new chevalier told him, that, with protections, one could get at every thing. The vofficer, who khew nothing of ther other's vicws, goes immediately to M. d Argen/on, and reprefents to him the injuftice done to him; giving the order of: St. Louis to his junior offi- by cer. Thel minifter: denies'it, and fends for the lift of promotions, in which the officer is not comprifed : accordingly he is taken up; and brought before the - tribunal of the Marfhals of France. A court was held at the hofpital of invalids, wherein Marfhal Belle-ife The falfe chevalier was fentenced prefided. crofs taken from to have the be him, to be degraded, and to confined in a fortrefs during shi org twenty years. The Indian women are allowed to make marks 0 all over their body, without any bad confequences ; I have feen fome of them who' had marks even on their breafts, though that be extremely delicate; but they endure it part like the men, in. order to' pléafe them, firmly, and-to appear handfomer to them, df ators ON n 3ab odl To return to the Manitou of the wifhed to havel this pretended relic Ofages, I 2I feftion, in order to adorn in my pof 3. 14302 your collection of naM 4 tural ; I have feen fome of them who' had marks even on their breafts, though that be extremely delicate; but they endure it part like the men, in. order to' pléafe them, firmly, and-to appear handfomer to them, df ators ON n 3ab odl To return to the Manitou of the wifhed to havel this pretended relic Ofages, I 2I feftion, in order to adorn in my pof 3. 14302 your collection of naM 4 tural --- Page 180 --- TRAN ELSII THROUCHT with its I was willing toi trcat tural curiofities the Indian prieft who ferved if, about it with goods in return, and rer offering him European that the adoration iof this.aniprefenring.so. abules him ghat he ought, as. wel de, mal was.an the Great Spirity Or Author. ofl Nato worthip this cunning prieft of the, devils in tures but countrymen, adored owning that his fuperfitious told mc, that he exevery thing, uncommon, profit of. his: Manitous peSted, to make a great beides he that, being a phyfician, and believe a juggler that his deity. leat could eafily make, them and that they muft with the evil fpirit at night, bis hut: and fine furs to him victuals,into bring - drefs him out7 a 46 S a this impoftors. by his artful difcourfes, a Thus, tothe errors and prejudices of-thele gives weight Thefe fellows make them beignorant people. converfe withi the devil at night, licye, that they much afraid of, becaufe whom the, Indians are whereas they fay the Great he can only do barm; do them no hurt. Spirits being.good, çan booiwl is 01i of the letter an account I 1 fhall Gnifh my by of the nationi of Gollatragic death of an Indian himfelf for his fons I have swho (acrificed pilet artos a jo28 admired sliqoteg stt 30 maltue V e --- Page 181 --- Luo U I S I A - N A. admired this heroic deed, which raifes humah generofity tothe highelt pitch. ons A Chailew, fpeaking very ill of the faid, that the French, their flaves Collapifas were their dogs, i. e. : one of thefe, vexed at fuch abulive language, killed the Chattaw with his The nation of Chabazes, which is the gun. moft numerous on this continent, greateft and diately, and fent armed immefrom the deputies to Newo Orleans to afk who governor the head of the had put himfelf under the murderer, French,: They offered protcation ofthe quarrel, butthe cruel prelents to make up the nation of not accept any: 31 they.even threatened Chadaarwould the village of Collapilas. to deftroy fion of blood, the To. prevent the effalivered up to them. poot-unhappy The Indian was demander of the German Sieur Ferraid, comfhore of the Milippi, fettlement on the right commifion. The was charged with this was given between rendez-vous for this purpofe fettlement of the village Collapifra and the the Germanss and the was performed there as facrifice os lo Ta00goE au yd thal follows: A0 ouil Ina L The Indian was called Tichou Mingo, cique's fervant. "He ftood i.e. Cafpeech, upright, and held a according to the cuftom of, the pcople, faying, on the right commifion. The was charged with this was given between rendez-vous for this purpofe fettlement of the village Collapifra and the the Germanss and the was performed there as facrifice os lo Ta00goE au yd thal follows: A0 ouil Ina L The Indian was called Tichou Mingo, cique's fervant. "He ftood i.e. Cafpeech, upright, and held a according to the cuftom of, the pcople, faying, --- Page 182 --- L St THROUGH T RAVE truei man, that isyel I dornot faying, Iam a the fate-of a wife and 6 fear death; but I pity I leave behind me very whom 6e four children, father andw mother; Iwho andT of my 31 young, and for whom I got fubfiftencelby se are old, them to the Frenchi, a *t 1 recommend 11 hunting I die for having taken their paint.Mnit s becaufe 11 sotidms SH 2 nami Bur amit Aaf adi 0E the laft word of this br He had hardly fpoken when his good and fhort and pathetic fpeechs with his nfon's filial tender father; penetrated effect: and fpoke to the following but love, got ups courage + that my fon dies; < Itis through and full of vigour, he is" more f being young, for his mother, wife, ee fit than myfelf to provide - necef : it is therefores 4 and four itdeichildren, earth to 1 take care of s. fary he fhould ftay on near the end of my 46 them. As to myfelf, I am and Iwifh my se career, I have lived long enough, in order to come to the E fame age, fit 65 fon may children. al am no longer 4 educate my little fome years $t of life more or 4 for any thing, me. I have lived as a 4t lefs are indifferent to <6 man, L eiit 134 woins togmwa 1o u V - AINAVSI m73 11 n013 aptyl the beft hunter in the nation. an : * He was fignifies 3A word which, in. their language, t Courage ibnething great or extraordinary, --- Page 183 --- LOU ISI A N A. ae man, and will die as fuch', A take his therefore Igo to place *," 11 ntesh Vev orT anow monblily ohAt thefe words, which fedtion in a exprefied paternal af. very ftrong and his wife, hisi fon, his moving manner, little children, fhed daughter-in-law, and their man; he embraced tears round the brave old them for the laft éxhorted them to bei faithful to the time, and to die rather than to betray French, and nefs unworthy of his them by any meanthat his death blood : at laft he told was a neceffary facrifice them, tion, wihich he was to the namake. With thefe icontented and proud to à: words he to. the relations of the dead prefented his head accepted it: after that he laid Challawo, and'they trunk ofa tree, and himfelf on the they cut off his head diately. with one ftroke of a imme. ym drr i lina 1a00a hatchér. myias ch Every, Bnof bovit avol 100183 24 thing was madé upi the bythis death young man: was obliged to give them: ; but ther's head t; in taking it his faC Cas onli vid i up, he faid to it, 00 O1 awo, and'they trunk ofa tree, and himfelf on the they cut off his head diately. with one ftroke of a imme. ym drr i lina 1a00a hatchér. myias ch Every, Bnof bovit avol 100183 24 thing was madé upi the bythis death young man: was obliged to give them: ; but ther's head t; in taking it his faC Cas onli vid i up, he faid to it, 00 O1 sovistube *Pardon Thefe nations follow the lex by death; ; and it is" talionit, death is tion, if even he were fufcient to fubfitute any one of avenged not arelation of thena. only are excepted. the criminal; Qaves their f They put it on a pole, and' tribe, camied'itas 10 Ln a' trophyinto --- Page 184 --- TRAVEI L S 1 THROUCHI and remember men in c Pardon me. thy death, who 4T of fpirits.", All the: Erench 4 the country event were moved to tearsy afifted at this tragic conftancy.of this veneand admired the heroic virtue is equal to thak rable cld man, whofe who, inithe fimeiof celebrated Roman jorator; hidden by his fon. 5 The of the triumyiratey was in order to extore latter was cruelly. tormented, whère his father Wwasi confrom him che place to bear ithat cealed, who, being no longerable fonr fhoulds fuffer fo fo tender and fo. virtuous.a tothe.murdererss much, came to prefent himfelf andito fave and à begged the Holdiers to kill him, them to kilk fon's life; the fon conjured his his fathen; 1 the: foldiers, more bim, but to fpare Indienss killed lachem barbarous than the favage fame time, and in the both together, at the TX read.e fame place. Solt Acnibseinysh om 1O0 som Uodl Alarpal n fellosetraveller in my laft P M. Forrand, my fells into: : the! Mififppi in voyege toither Illindis, whilft his foldiers were exerthe fevorelt feafans moment that the rapicifings and, at the very him into an aby(s, an dity of this river carried on board his Akanza hunter, who was: happily The. offiboat, faved: him from the precipice. him that he hoped to ircompenfe cer told him, of fervices but the Ingenciouly for this piece rondn dian. Phat : the! Mififppi in voyege toither Illindis, whilft his foldiers were exerthe fevorelt feafans moment that the rapicifings and, at the very him into an aby(s, an dity of this river carried on board his Akanza hunter, who was: happily The. offiboat, faved: him from the precipice. him that he hoped to ircompenfe cer told him, of fervices but the Ingenciouly for this piece rondn dian. Phat --- Page 185 --- iaso TRS LO U: I . S I 1 N A: dian' ) 173 immediarely anfwered, that he had done the duty: of a brother, who oaly cour the anhappy in timel oughe to fuca thel Gréat Spirit had ofilanger, that, as: fifh, he could taught him tol wim like al not employ his fkill-better to fave the life of than main 501 cther mis hirfeliow-ereature 1MUrT 10 d All the Iratarne 1 hir LW ette Indians, both men and women, to fwim from their: learn the infancy: - I have often feen mothersi puttheir little children into of frefh water, 2 and I took great delight in pools the litele creatures fwim naturally. fecing fuch an education be better than Would not which thofe methods people are. fo fond of in Europe P The queftion: I fpeak of here is of the utmoft confe quence, efpeciallyin a country wherealmoft every body goes by water, and on R I fhall not enter into thefe details, fea-voyages. which prove tirefome: dolr fhall only fay, that, accord- might ing to found reafon, the firft thing which ite is neceffary to know.ini nature, is how. to one's exiftence ; and that it istoi be. prelerve the European mothers would wilhed, that" ricans in that imitate thel Amea particular, and likewife in- fuckling their own children. This action, which is diétated by nature, would prevent dentst withi many acci-, regard to children fuppofed to a be legitimate, and, without quoting many facts to --- Page 186 --- THROUGH TRAVELS from the Caijes Caldbres, I have to this purpofe before my eyes of the confua recent example caufed in families by thofe mercenary fion often who was an officer of nurfes: A gentleman, which I was in, had long the fame detachment loft his nurfe. As foon been fuppoled to be by down into the midft as he was born; he was fent have only found 2 and his relations of Nermandy, years old, him out, when' he Was twenty-two through chance, after he had gone through mere and dangers: during that a feries of miferies TV timel Los mAle ne wol 840 bil mallar upon the road I remember, that, in 1749, witnefs of an between Paris and Arpajons I was of the little vicaccident which happened to one them, in order not tims which parents put from cries. The nurie by their to be importuned this child, had put it in who was trufted with into one ofthole her apron; as the was ftepping her apron, carriages deftined for thele journies, and the which was tied behind, got untied, and expired. child fell upon the pavement, odwr mane there is an entire a Give me leave to fay, that of the. between the way of thinking difference the Indian women. The latter European and abufed, if they were to would think themfelves leave LA 2 had put it in who was trufted with into one ofthole her apron; as the was ftepping her apron, carriages deftined for thele journies, and the which was tied behind, got untied, and expired. child fell upon the pavement, odwr mane there is an entire a Give me leave to fay, that of the. between the way of thinking difference the Indian women. The latter European and abufed, if they were to would think themfelves leave LA 2 --- Page 187 --- L.0U.1S A - N A. 175: leave their, children to. the care, of a woman from, thein own infpections farr as, fome. European. they. are. not afraid, tendernefs women, that their hufband's will diminifh, becaufe have the, tokens of their mutual they borne x contraryy the flame increafes affections, on - the the pleafiure of feeing, their on both partss and to. fee another. felf race perpetuated, and which they, grow, up ina little creature broughr into the world, repays the trouble they have of fupporting amply dah snnub anynab bo4 them. de The white women, whom rainsiion 1o L 1e - &5 lowin America the we call Creoles, folto fuckle, their, European cuftom, diflaining own children : as, foon as they, are they give, them, withour, born, to a tawny or red Aavear refleéting, that her blood, may ben rupted. Many able phylicians have COITE ted, that the milk has an inAgence demonftranations, of the children. Lhave on the inclioften feen aninnocent fall a victim to, the many W their nurfes in irregular life of, fatal Ansrica which isa to the propagation of the human. circumftance Ilcave this fubject to, the fpecies, culty, who will certainly gentiemen of the fands myfelf, handle it better than - ne ai aods tsily T41 01 SvAoI 3t aviD) Kconclade, a Yawr ory noyvtad somerel b 193E by alfuring You E5c thatlam, 24.7 O11 biquds amty n Es P.S, An --- Page 188 --- TRAVELS THROUCH courier has juft brought us P:S. An Indian of Choaguer, news of the taking the agreeable on it, upon the famous ând the places dependent lake Ontario. to the number of of that place, The garrifon have furrendered fifteen hundred regular troops, the articles prifoners of war ; and have accepted has grantwhich M. de Montcalm the fve of capitulation immediately fent ed them ; that general which he found in the colours pair of regimental place to Qucbec: of Trois Rivieres, M. Rigaud", the governor and Indians ; he had commanded the Canadians poft, in ortaken poffefion of an advantageous and cut off the reall fuccours, der to oppofe treat of the enemy. thofe of the colonies, the The land troops, have all equally Canadians, and the Indians, know not yet the ditinguilhed themfelves: enemies we have loft ; all number of men which the was killed have heard is, that their general at we who retarned into of the Marquis of Yaueresil, and ** Brother of Canada America with the title of Govermor-Gemeral Now Frarite. and cut off the reall fuccours, der to oppofe treat of the enemy. thofe of the colonies, the The land troops, have all equally Canadians, and the Indians, know not yet the ditinguilhed themfelves: enemies we have loft ; all number of men which the was killed have heard is, that their general at we who retarned into of the Marquis of Yaueresil, and ** Brother of Canada America with the title of Govermor-Gemeral Now Frarite. --- Page 189 --- LOU I S 1 - A N A. 177 4 at the beginning of the attack: we, on our fide, have loft but three foldiers. M. de Bourlamaque, a colonel of foot, has been lightly wounded, together with feven or eight Canadians; but unhappily M. Decomible, the engineer, was fhot by one of our own Indians, who took him for an Englifhman, on account of his uniform, which was different from that of the other French officers. The Marquis de Montcalm is now employed in deftroying the forts of Chonguen, and in fending the provifions and ammunition, and a hundred pieces of cannon which have been found there, to Frontenac. At fhe Illinois, the 21/ of July 1756. Vor. I. N LET- --- Page 190 --- T RAVELS THROUGH L E' T T E R IX. n 198. To the Jame. onE Oowol The Author fets outs from the Koakias for Fort Charon the Population. Actres. His Obfervations arrived in the count ef a Caravan of Elephants Neighbaurhood of the Ohio. à S I R, KCcording to all appearances, thisis the from the - A XE laft letter I £hall write to you Ya I to fet out by order Patn - Illinois; prepare who. have judged it neceffary of the phyficians, to ufe the baths that I fhould return to France, bad confeof Bourbon, in order to prevent the of a fhot I received, many years ago, at quences * the affault of Chateat Dauplin Yefterfort in Piedmont, at the top of a mountain of * This is a 30 the --- Page 191 --- LOULSI A. N A. Yefterday an exprefs arrived here from de Syine to our commander, who Fort that the Englith make informs. us, to attack that great preparations to come poft again. M. de fent Macarty has provifions to viétual the fort. The lier de Villiers commands it in Chevaftate of health my ftead, my bad that not allowing me to undertake voyage ; it would have enabled mine the me to exaplace on the road, where an found fome elephant's Indian me a grinder, teeth, of which he gave weighing about fix half pounds and a In 1735, the Canadians who war upon the Tthicachas came to make near the fine river or (Chickfaws) found, Ohio, the fkeletons ven clephants; which makes of feLouifana * me believe, that joins to Afia, and that thefe elephants came from the latter continent weftern part, which we by the are not acquainted N 2 with : the Alps. It was taken the igth of command of the Prince of Conti. July 1744, under the The brigade of Poitou, commanded Chevert, ditinguifhed itfelfin by the brave M. de valour, which has been admired this action by an uncommon by all Europe. 0 ci* The French fet no bounds to the ana, F, weltward to Louifi- , and that thefe elephants came from the latter continent weftern part, which we by the are not acquainted N 2 with : the Alps. It was taken the igth of command of the Prince of Conti. July 1744, under the The brigade of Poitou, commanded Chevert, ditinguifhed itfelfin by the brave M. de valour, which has been admired this action by an uncommon by all Europe. 0 ci* The French fet no bounds to the ana, F, weltward to Louifi- --- Page 192 --- 180 TRA VI ELS THEOUCHE with: a herd of thele animals having lolt their entered the new continent, and way, probably on main land and in forefts, having always gone the ufe of the Indians of that time not having have not been able to -deftroy them fire arms, that feven arrived at the entircly 3 it is pofible Louins place near the Olio, which, in our maps of hana, is marked with a crofs. The elephants, were in a fwampy according to all appearance, where they funk in by the enormous ground, of their bodics, and could not get: out weight but were forced to ftay there *, again, the Baron Porneuf, who, commandIn 1752, of the Mifouris, ed Fort Frangois in the çountry received the fkin of an animal from the Indians, bitherto unknown in America. That which was Marchionefs de Vaudreuil, offiçcer fent it to the Yas about who made a mufofit: this creature: fox, and its hair a9 twiçe as big as an, European Ane from modern geographical obfervations, that k.appears of a migration of elephants is imour author's fuppofition farther confirmed by the examination of probable and it is which are very different from thofe the teeth oft thefe animals, and confequently they cannot be of of the common clephant, Kalm's Travels, vol. I. P. 135the fame fpecics. See and Pennant's Synopfis of Philofoph. Tranf. vol. LVIIL, Quadrupeds, p. 91. F. --- Page 193 --- LrOrUit S.I2 A NTA 1811 fine and foft. as velvet, mottled with black pearly white. and: ali Many authors pretend, that it is people went through Nova poffible that northward of the ancient Zembla, (fituated to: Greenlands continent). over the ices they think, that this is the on which thofe went who frft track andithat the ftreights which peopled Americas continent, has feparate it from the eaftern high mountains of ice on its" fhore: but all thofe who have tried go to India through this northern to been eaten by white bears, part; have amidft the ice,' or have perifhed This is my obfervation On the ngito did go through thoie fubject: if men' parts to inhabit North fica, they probably would have Ame dd; New England, and preferred Cana: parts of which are Lomifana, the northérn analogous to their whereas it is known, that when the French countrys Englifh difcovered North and but few inhabitants in Amierica, there werethe it; but, on the contrary, Spaniards who conquered Peru and found kings and Mexico, emperors, who fet on foot armics, and' who annually facrificed great fand, twenty thoucaptives to their falfe deities. there is réafon to believe, that Therefore men wert from N 3 the: the northérn analogous to their whereas it is known, that when the French countrys Englifh difcovered North and but few inhabitants in Amierica, there werethe it; but, on the contrary, Spaniards who conquered Peru and found kings and Mexico, emperors, who fet on foot armics, and' who annually facrificed great fand, twenty thoucaptives to their falfe deities. there is réafon to believe, that Therefore men wert from N 3 the: --- Page 194 --- : THROUGH 182 TRAVELS The elc: the welt to Mexico and Loufiana *. which conphants who came thither are a proof when I alkFurther, firms my obfervations+. Sioux des prairits, who are ed the Indians called that they had nomadic nation, they told me, a Indians fay, that, to the weftward heard other there lived a nation of clothed of their country, falt-water lakes people, who navigated on great inhabited great with great piraguas t: that they that the inhavillages built with white ftones; chief, who bitants obeyed one defpotic grand armies into the field. fent great adore idols as the Indians do : The Mexicans and a kind of Natches Indians had a temple, the intelligent people fervice : in their language Some Indians cut have found Chinefe words. tuft as the crownoff their hair, leaving only a of: Canada on the north-calt, Flo- * Louijfiana formenytonched and Nerw Mexico on rida and the Englif colonies on boundaries thecaft, were not determined. thewelt fide. Its north-weft in a note to Kalm's" Travels, vol.III. See more on this fubjest p. 125- F: Set the note on But this proof does not hold good. t p. 180. lake, and the thips The Indians call the fea a great t great piraguas. --- Page 195 --- L OU I S I, A.N N 183. of a friar, to which they faften feathers of rious colours. vaThey never cut their nails; and among o : the Chinefe it.is a mark of nobility to let the nails grow. very long. 7. ballea on An a If we fuppofe that men went over from. 0K a continent to America, they. would have our white colour, fince we fee, that, kept their turies and a half after during two cenColambus difcovered this new,world, the Europeans who fettled init ferve their white complexion from pregeneration. The animals which generation to found there are entirely, different have been neither from ours, and Pliny nor any. other old naturalift fpeak of them. We. muft be contented with the works of the Creator, without admiring dive into his myfteries * defiring .to N4 Ifhall * This way of arguing is very frange, and motes barbarifm. Man has got reafon for the greatly protruth fhould be the objedt ofl his enquiries ;: and purpofe, if he fhould that carry. them no further, out of fear to dive too into my.teries of the Creator, this would deep the and barbarifm. Many a' thing, which patronize feemed ignorance has been difcovered by an indefatigable tQo abttrufe, way in which America was peopled, and application, the The which the fkeletons manner in the kind of ofigreat bulky animals approaching to elephants came to the river Ohio, are ftery,, but may, one : day or other be difcovered by.a now'a mykident, or a great ând lucky aC+ original genius. F this would deep the and barbarifm. Many a' thing, which patronize feemed ignorance has been difcovered by an indefatigable tQo abttrufe, way in which America was peopled, and application, the The which the fkeletons manner in the kind of ofigreat bulky animals approaching to elephants came to the river Ohio, are ftery,, but may, one : day or other be difcovered by.a now'a mykident, or a great ând lucky aC+ original genius. F --- Page 196 --- S THROUGH E 1841 TIR AVEL by the way, that when the 1hall addi here, ifles of St. Domingo andi Spaniards diftovered-tihe well with InCuba, they found them peopled of a whom they murdered underpretence dians, but really in order to get religious principle, Therefore a Cacique or petty. king their gold. from. the Spaniards, gave of the ifand, efcaping that gold was the his people to underitand, fince they came fo far, deity. of their enemies, in thémfelves to fo many dangers, and expoled ofit; and that it was neorder to get poffeffion abandon every thing, in Orceffary they fhould Another Cacique being der to. be left in quiet, the inquifition, was. condemned to be burnt by Chriftian, in folicited by a Jefuit to become a declared but he openly order to go to Paradife; if there were any. Spahe would not go there, Indians abhorred niards in it, Thefe unhappy that they did not even the Spaniards fo much, wives for fear of begetting, converfe with their and whenever they eat flaves to fuch mafters: revenge than of their Aefh, it was more through faid, that the fefh appetites for they plainly any was good for nothing. of a Spaniard - talaqmes in laft, that I have à Iforgot to tell you my, given by the been invited to the feaft of war,. r-to. raile. wargrand.c chief of the linois, in.order riors, --- Page 197 --- LOUISTA N A. 185 riors, and march with the Chevalier Villicrs. This gentleman obtained leave from the norl to raifea party of French and Indians, govers? and fo go with them to-avenge the death of his bros ther, M. deZumomville, who 1 was killed by the Englifh before thewar. broke out, 1, IUS of The grand chief of the Illinois is nopt odito called Papa péchangorhias ; he is related to feveral Frenchmen of diftinction, fettled among thefe This Cacique fucceeded Prince people. named Tamaroas fur Chikagou, who: died He the medal of the late in.754 wears Cacique : this. Illinois prince has convinced the French; that he: is worthy of wearing it, by his friendfhip for nation. The detachment of the our Villiers* Chevalier de being ready to fet out, banio Papapd-changon hids * The Chevalier de Villiers, who commanded this detachment, muft not, be confounded- with M,. de the Great Villiers, who went to avenge the death Villiers, of called yille immediately after his murder. in See the Tumonwhich the famous M. Thomas wrote on 1753. this fubject, poem Of the feven- brothers who compofed this family of S fix were killed in Canada in defence of their Villiers, Chevalier de Villiers is the laft; he was taken country. The acion at. Ntagara in 1759, beingi in the party of prifonerin M. the this officer had defeated a body of Englifh Aubry: Reefaes troops ati Fort de 3 : murder. in See the Tumonwhich the famous M. Thomas wrote on 1753. this fubject, poem Of the feven- brothers who compofed this family of S fix were killed in Canada in defence of their Villiers, Chevalier de Villiers is the laft; he was taken country. The acion at. Ntagara in 1759, beingi in the party of prifonerin M. the this officer had defeated a body of Englifh Aubry: Reefaes troops ati Fort de 3 : --- Page 198 --- THROUGH 186 TRAYELS ferve him as a guide with his warhias defired to Chartres on the frft of, riors. They left Fort towards the end of April 1756, and arrived, where the the boundaries of Virginids May, on little fort farrounded with great Englih had a near it in the nightr The Indians came pales. a fafcine of refinous combuftime, each having fet on fire clofe to the tible wood, which they commanding of the fort. The Englifh out pales. to, give orders for putting officer, appearing who killed was aimed at by an Indian, the fires The. fame Indian called bim on the fpot. < Surrender, you Engout in their language : thall be burnt or caten." 66 lith dogs, or elfe you, his threats, and beThe foldiers, intimated by furrendered at dif ing without a commander, the Indians then cretion the next, morning ; except bound them two by two, like captives, found out. whom one of the Indians the ferjeant, who had beaten himi with a to be the perfon. The poor ferjeant befick in time of peace. of thefe barthe victim of the refentment I came who burnt him without any mercy. barians, that the Indians never forgive, have already faid, themfelves free and indeand that they think muft take care not to pendent: therefore one fooner ftrike them,, for they revenge themfelves - or later. The --- Page 199 --- L ) 1 U ISII A N A. The Englith prifoners, to the number of for. ty,. taken' in the fort, were divided French among the' and'Indians, who : fripped them according to their cuftom, plucked out their beards and hair, and, at the requeft of the French, they only made them flaves. But the Frenchi officers, and the humaneft among the French inhabitants of the Illinois, joined together, and leafed them, by making a prefent to that nation' rewho treated their prifoners like dogs, becaufe they were our enemies, and becaufe only thought of making themfelves great with us they AETI From the village of the Koakias we at the Peorias, allies of the Illinois, arrived fine large meadow, which is through a twenty-five long. The favages who were with leagues fome little birds with me, killed. fticks, and called them ftrawberry-bills, Thefe birds, whofe is varied with many plumage colours, are as as the beccafgos in Provence. good to eat The Indians me, that they are birds of told and that they affemble Alight or of paffage, in flocks every year like fparrows, * From a natural kind of antipathy betwecn the tions, the French take every two nalifh, and to raife themfelves opportunity above to deprefs the Engexpence oftruth, F, them, fometimes at the birds, whofe is varied with many plumage colours, are as as the beccafgos in Provence. good to eat The Indians me, that they are birds of told and that they affemble Alight or of paffage, in flocks every year like fparrows, * From a natural kind of antipathy betwecn the tions, the French take every two nalifh, and to raife themfelves opportunity above to deprefs the Engexpence oftruth, F, them, fometimes at the --- Page 200 --- THROUGH 188 TRAYELS the ftrawbérries in this fparrows, to feed on with them in the whick is red all over meadow, of the. Peorids is fituated. fcafon. The village and fortified after on the banks of a little river, furrounded with the American manner, that is pales and pofts: pa great artrived there, Lenquired for When we were chief; they brought me to the hut of the grand whole nation was affema great hut, where the, of their warriors, bled, on f account of a party, their mortal who had:l been beaten. by the Foxesy enemies. received by the Cacique'and his I was well one after. another to. firft warriors, who came of friendfhip, fqueeze me by the hand in.fign are welhaks hau ! which fignifies, you faying, to fée you: A young Indians comes of I am glad calumet of peace, and the the or a flave, lighted fmoke out of, according chief gave it to me tor to the common cuftom. the firft ceremonies were over, they After full of the vegetable juicebrought me a calebath Indians extraét: it in : of the maple tree. The the bottom ofit, and: January, making a hole at firft thaw, little tube to that. At the apply - a they --- Page 201 --- L OUT S. T A N A. they get a little barrel full of this they boil to a fyrup : and being boiled juice, which it changes into a reddifh fugar, overagain, labrian mama ; the looking like Caapathecaries to the fugar which is made of juftly prefer it French who are fettled fugar canes. The at the Ilinoit have from the Indians to make this learnt exceeding good remedy for frup, which is an tifms. colds, and rheumaAt the end of the feflion of this they brought a kind of bread which aflembly, Pliakmine, bears they call likewife paws, and beavers eat of the dog's flefh tails; I fance, for I have made it through complaia rule to conform calionally to the genius of the OCI am obliged to live, and people, with whom ners, in order to to affect their mangain their likewife brought in a difh of friendfhip: they maize flour, called boiled gruel, of rup of the Segamité, fiveetened wich fy- m maple tree ; it is an Indian is tolerably good and difh which the repaft, refrething, At the end of dry fruits they ferved a defert of a kind of which our Frenchmen call which are as good as Corinth biuéts, and very common in the Illinois raifins : they are lo imiad 365 country. The ife brought in a difh of friendfhip: they maize flour, called boiled gruel, of rup of the Segamité, fiveetened wich fy- m maple tree ; it is an Indian is tolerably good and difh which the repaft, refrething, At the end of dry fruits they ferved a defert of a kind of which our Frenchmen call which are as good as Corinth biuéts, and very common in the Illinois raifins : they are lo imiad 365 country. The --- Page 202 --- TRAVELS S THROUGH croudin the plain : The next day I faw. a great in favour was for making a dance this affembly the priefts were dreffed of their new Manitou ; their bodies' were comanner : in a remarkable in which they had made vered. with a clay. and their faces were painted burlefque drawings, and black. The red, blue, white, yellow, green of feathers, like a high prieft had a bonnet of horns.of a his head, and a pair crown on the feathers off. I own the wild goat, * to fet tempted me to laugh; of this prelate one muft appearance ceremonies are ferious, but as thefe becaufe it would be take care, not to burft out, and an indecént reckoned a want of religion, do the Indians ever aétion amongft them : nor in the exercife the Roman Catholics, itfelf interrupt But what a fight prefented of religion. monfter confidered to my eyes : I faw a living the door of the temple : I was at as a divinity the mafter of the ceremoof this falfe deity ; in; I was not yet fufficinies begged me to go cuftoms, and fhewed ently acquainted with their of the Indians who acfome reluétance, but one told me, that if I it, companied me, perceiving would take it as an ofdid not go in, the people fence, found at the Mifouris, their horns are * Thefe animals are of a fne black, and bent backwards. --- Page 203 --- - U I S A N A. igr fence, or at leaft as a contempt. This determined me and I went in * : this is difcourfe ture of their Manitoit his the picftomach, and looked ; head hung upon his like a lynx's like a goat's, his ears were his ears, with the fame kind of feet, hands, thighs and hair, J like thofe of a legs were in form man: this falfe to be about fix months divinity feemed it in the woods old, the Indians found tains, called the at the foot of a ridge of mounwhich mountains of Sainte. Barbe, Féin communicate a to the rich mines of; Santa Mexico. The general together on affembly was called this monfter purpofe to invoke the proteétion of againft their enemies. I let thefe poor people know, that mitou was an evil their Magenius, as a proof of added, that he had it, I Foxes, who permitted the nation of were their moft cruel gain a viétory Over fome of enemies, to that they their countrymen ; ought to quit him as foon as poflible, and : * The mafter of the pointed to guard the ceremonies, or prieft, that is apanointed his body with temple, before he made his thers of a rofin ; he then ftrewed the offerings, foft fwan, or the hair of a beaver all feagum, and in that ridiculous over this melted the falfe deity. plight he danced in honour of gain a viétory Over fome of enemies, to that they their countrymen ; ought to quit him as foon as poflible, and : * The mafter of the pointed to guard the ceremonies, or prieft, that is apanointed his body with temple, before he made his thers of a rofin ; he then ftrewed the offerings, foft fwan, or the hair of a beaver all feagum, and in that ridiculous over this melted the falfe deity. plight he danced in honour of --- Page 204 --- THROUGH T RAYELS him. They anfwered, tikaand be revenged on believe thec, thou art in Labi, houé nigué, i. e. we voted that he thould be the right. They then his fenand the great prieft pronolnced exburnt, to the interpreter's tence, which, according in thefe terms : c Monplanation, was conceived of the evil from the excrements 6 fter, arifen fatal to our nation; who has 46 fpirit, to be thee for her Maxiton : ahou 4 wrongfully taken the offerings which we e haf paid no regard to haft allowed our enemies, 6 have made thec, and proteÉt, to overcome d whom thou doft plainly and to, make cc a party of our countrymen, our old men affembled therefore 6 them flaves: decreed and with unanimoully cin councilhave the chief of the white warriors, cc the advice of towards us, thy ingratitude sc that to expiate alive." At the end, of 66 thou fhalt be burnt faid, hott, hoik, fentence all the affembly this ho1t, hos. this monfter, becaufe I As I wilhed to fnake get I fpoke to you of be: could not get that method: I went to fore, I took the following fmall prefent, and bid made him a the prielt, that he fhould perfuade my interpreter tell him, burnt this evil gethatif they which his countrymen, arife one from his alhes nius, there might would --- Page 205 --- Li 0 - U 1 S I A N A. could prove fatal to them ; and that I on purpofe a-crois the great lake in order would go liver them of it. He found to deand by means of the little my reafons good, he got the fentence prefent I gave him, to be killed with changed, and he was ordered the clubs : As I defired to have monfter, without being ed them that mutilated, I informR they muft deliver it to who weuld my people, tion ftrangle it; for if any of their nakilled it, fome misfortune or, other happen to him from it.. might They Aill my reafons, and delivered the animal approved condition that I fhould to me, on carry it far from their country. It was accordingly ftrangled; having neither fpirits of wine nor bur ferve it in, I was brandy to preobliged to get it order to be able to it difitéted, in bring to France, to your curiofity in regard to fatisfy hiftory *, fubjects of natural I fhall finith this letter by another of the fuperftition of-thefe aecount divine fervice people, and of the they give to horrid Voi. I. : animals. In O The ikeleton of this in the natural hiftory cabinet monftcr, cr falfe divinity, is now the office of the American of M. de Fayilles, clerk of French. colonies belonging tQ. the , to your curiofity in regard to fatisfy hiftory *, fubjects of natural I fhall finith this letter by another of the fuperftition of-thefe aecount divine fervice people, and of the they give to horrid Voi. I. : animals. In O The ikeleton of this in the natural hiftory cabinet monftcr, cr falfe divinity, is now the office of the American of M. de Fayilles, clerk of French. colonies belonging tQ. the --- Page 206 --- E I2SI EAROUGH 194 T RAN Andianst at - arrived ardiputatibasr 8s vsd-thae of the nations ofn Mifouris Fort Chintres, among thiem, whoi there was an 1 old woman round hernaked pafted for a magician : he wore ivhofe ibite' isinor body, ai living rattle mhakéy the noment tal; if the remedy is not, applied bld 1'eer3er tw after. r Airo h7 ns ET . aisd fpoke to the ferof the devil, This prieftefs underftand what the faid': pent, which feemed to of faying.heres I-fees faid the, thou art weary fhall Snd thée'at my go, then, return homey I ran 1 into the return: the reptile immediately of the Mifouris. If woods, and took the road I fhould had been inclined to be fuperftinious, I that I had feen the devil appear have told you the of-a fnake. thefe nations under figure to have been willing to perfuade Many Miffionaries letters, that the us in their relations and edifying in order to be devil appears to thefe people, that there them; but it is eafy to fee, is'a :adored by in it, and.t that'it preternatural is nothing mere juggle. You the weftward of Lenifana, on a riA nation living to and falls into the Mijfppi. ver which bears their name, --- Page 207 --- Lo U tSI A. . You.know-befides, that all animals, - éven the -molt.ferocious, are tamed by man, i do not tend - to fay that the fhake of the preWitch went into.her pretended country. is, that I always had 1 a very Alileanseilyon againft thefe animals, and that great antipathy with : them, I take a when I meet heads. pleafure in cruthing their I remember, that in the village of the Péanguichias, a nation allied to the Ilinois, one of our foldiers was very near getting into a bad fcrape. He: went into an, Indian hut very found a live fnake, which he killed and harcher, not knowing that the with a hut; had made his mafter of the arrivedi Manitou of it. The Indian at the fame time in a terrible find his deity dead; he afferted that pa(fion, to foul of his father, who died it was the fore; he about a year behaving fhot two ferpents which were pairing died upon the point of a rock, fell fick and foon.after. The imagination of the old man bied by the height of the fever, he being troufaw the rwofnakes thought he coming to their death ; he-therefore reproach.him with fon in recommended itto his dying, never to kill any. of thefe aniO 2 mals, (fion, to foul of his father, who died it was the fore; he about a year behaving fhot two ferpents which were pairing died upon the point of a rock, fell fick and foon.after. The imagination of the old man bied by the height of the fever, he being troufaw the rwofnakes thought he coming to their death ; he-therefore reproach.him with fon in recommended itto his dying, never to kill any. of thefe aniO 2 mals, --- Page 208 --- a no - C Ter THROUGH 1 TR AV E ESt Y would. DA Hkewife be C fearing that they the mals, of his death * . Knowing folthe caufe I advifed the - genius of thefe people; as one whom the Indian looked upop a01 to be dier, to pretend who had flain a deity,, he would kill" me drunk, and to do as if Indians, not knowand his comrades. The farce,, were the that it was only 11 a - had ing that; the white warrior firft to cry out,, for, cords to tie him ; loft his wits. I afked with him, the and as I feemed very, angry, to intercede 1 for chiefs and the warriors came who had loft him, faying. that it was a man the fame often his fenfes by drinking ; that in order to give happened to the red men; I waited yet for more colour to the impottorea me, and appeared wife to beg which rethe Cacique's to her fex, h pacified in deference wJ fpected very much, RA H. mafter of the fnake with the The I prefented to drown his grief: a bottle of brandy, Indians who had killed. an owl feen a in France, time af- * Ihave peafant roof; and his father dying that (ome bird ofill on his neighbour's that his death was caufed by ter, he believed U prefage. t So they call our foldiers. --- Page 209 --- Li OU. I S I At N A.: Indians are exceffively fond of this liquor, and grow furious when of it. N After they have drank too much their drunkennefs is over, that they have neither' they fay fpoken nor done any thing, and attribute all their follies to the brandy believing to juftify their conduét by acknow. Jedging that they had loft their wits. When drunken Indian kills another, the death is not a revenged. But thefe people take care feldom or never to drink all at once, thofe who are fober keep in bounds the reft, and the women hide both offenfive and defenfive weapons. may be reckoned among the Brandy which have contributed pernicious things towards the tion of North America : this depopulabrutes, and often kills them. liquor I makes men feen drunken have fometimes Indians kill each other with hatchets and clubs. I am now ready to leave the Ilinois, and éxpeét to be in New Orleans in January This letter fets out in a piragua, which M. 1757. de Macarty fends with difpatches to the govérnor. I am, &c. At the Ilinois, the IOtk November 1756, :.. 20 LET tion of North America : this depopulabrutes, and often kills them. liquor I makes men feen drunken have fometimes Indians kill each other with hatchets and clubs. I am now ready to leave the Ilinois, and éxpeét to be in New Orleans in January This letter fets out in a piragua, which M. 1757. de Macarty fends with difpatches to the govérnor. I am, &c. At the Ilinois, the IOtk November 1756, :.. 20 LET --- Page 210 --- T R A VI E L S THROUON as SR K ono To the Jame. learues: the Ilinojs: His Navigation dowt The Author heencamps.in an Iand formed bj: the Mfippi: Saldiers make him Governor that River. His of ib. - S I R, whether the Indians have KEEROU inquire, them, and whether 8A Y X captains amongft The 2Y f8 are by a king? governed o 3R. they them procures me the tinie I have fpent among curiolity on that head, pleafure of fatisfying your are divided inYou muft know, thens that they is each of which governed to tribes or nations; who only depends by a petty king or Cacique, Being; thefe on the Great Spiril, or Supreme without making their Caciques retendefpodicall, and know how to make themauthority odious, felves a --- Page 211 --- lorOU IeSi I A N: A. 1199 felves: refpeéted and beloved. They likewife have the fatisfaction of being regarded by their sJubjeds 3 almoft as demi-gods, born for the happinels of this world; for they have the tendernefs of fathers for the people of their tribe; and that name flatters them, much more than all the pompous titles of the Grand Signior or the Great Mogul. Thofe Afiatic emperors are often fed in their extenfive dominions expato revolutions, by which their life is endangered; for often tributary kings rebel againft them, and kill them with their whole family. s The crime of high treafon is unknown the Americans ; the chiefs and Caciques among where withour fear. If go every any one fhould be bold enough to attempt any thing againft their 21 he would bel punifhed asa lives, 304 the whole family of the murderer horriblemonfters and would be exad terminated without mercy. ans : SI 31 Nu m besit Asi to the captains or chiefs of war, who command their armies againft their enemies, this hor poft is 3 occupied only by fuch as have P nal proofs of courage in defence of their given figtry in feveral combatss and as the counnaked, as.wellas the other generals go Indians, the of wounds they. bear marks upon their body are fufi9vibi O 4 cient of the murderer horriblemonfters and would be exad terminated without mercy. ans : SI 31 Nu m besit Asi to the captains or chiefs of war, who command their armies againft their enemies, this hor poft is 3 occupied only by fuch as have P nal proofs of courage in defence of their given figtry in feveral combatss and as the counnaked, as.wellas the other generals go Indians, the of wounds they. bear marks upon their body are fufi9vibi O 4 cient --- Page 212 --- T R A V E L S 1 TI AR OUGH I them from the. reft, and ferve cient to diftinguifh to them. inftead of teftimonials, I0 Aibnod 03 The old men, who cannot go to war any. not ufelels to the nation. They hold more, are the hear them as oracles.. fpecches, and pcople advife it; 2 and the Every thing is done as they that they having lived longer. young men fay, muft of courfe have more ex-, than themfelves, When I admired the, perience and knowledge. they,, counrenanee which thefe old men ( enjoyed, that fince they could no longer fight, told' me, they taught others to defend.. for their country, when they return from an. it. The warriors, of the booty.. expedition, never fail to.throw part the huts of thofe old men, who have exinto them, and excited their courage. The.. horted always given to the oldeft. prifoners of war are make them their peoplc in the nation, who to war flaves. The old warriors who cannot go harangue a the foldiers. The, orator, ( any more, againit the poft with a club, begins with Ariking all the fine aétions he has done in,y and mentions hchas taken from Ir. war, that is, how many icalps anfwer, hau, hat, different nations. The hearers that is true. The Indians abhor lying, i. and C. fay that a Tiar is not a true man, /0 CA tuil o The. --- Page 213 --- DOrU'12s! I A Na A. 5 The old' peaker begins his 23 1ajo fays: < If I were difcourle, and, 66 to conduét younger and more vigorous, co you againft our enemies, as Ihave formerly done, finiu <u <6 a you fhould féc me on the tips of my tocs. Go my g9 - 66 of comrades, as men bhs courage, and with the co never fhut Jel heart of a lion ** > cl like the your cars, lleep like hares, go roe-buck, do not fear < hefitate to the cold, nor. ce when a go into the water like you are purfued, hide duckss, <c Above all, do well your retreat. not fear the <c mies, fhew them that arrows of your ene- < and men. you are true warriors Laftly, when <c tunity, ufe all you find an oppor-, <c after that your arrows on the enemy, and breakin upon them $c in hand, ftrike, with your clubs. flay, and extirpates it is better to die fighting than to < burnt." be taken and At the end of this harangue, the old prefents the calumet to the warrior. the general or chief of Tacha-Minges that is, cers, who war, and to all his offifmokeir, each after their rank all thofe who have not 5 and 1 a a yet been to war come to: fmoke # An hyperbole no Indian in America would not knowing that creature, which is make ufe of, that country. F. not to be met with in than to < burnt." be taken and At the end of this harangue, the old prefents the calumet to the warrior. the general or chief of Tacha-Minges that is, cers, who war, and to all his offifmokeir, each after their rank all thofe who have not 5 and 1 a a yet been to war come to: fmoke # An hyperbole no Indian in America would not knowing that creature, which is make ufe of, that country. F. not to be met with in --- Page 214 --- TRANELS S THROUGHI themfclvess they imoke it, byy way of cnlifting after that ceremodance the dance of war, and, which, as I have diftribure deg's fiefh, ny, they obferveds is a difh principally appropeiaircady ated to warriors *. E TABLO, told me of an accident that hapM. dat Tilfenet who was one cf the frit offipened to his father, with M. de Bierville. cers that came to. Louifana Indian nation, togeM. dt Tifenct being at an who came to barser ther with fome Frenchmen thems M. wanted to. icalp goods; the Indians and heard dx, Tifenet had learnt their language, he took U: difcourfes and as he wore a wig, their andit threwi it on the ground, jt. from his head, You will have my faying from: time to time, dare to doit. The Scalp, take it up, if you was inexpreflible, aftonifhment of thefe pcople head thaved a little Tiffeneh had got his 3n for Mide he told them afterwards, before this happeneds much in the wrong to atthat they were very for hel only came to make tempt to hurt him, an Etuoa that, when the ancient kings of 1 Itis very remarkable, luftration of their armies, a dog Macedonia performed the into two parts, and the whole army, was killed, and divided thei twothalvès of with-the king at, their lendawestbarosgh the dog. F. 1L --- Page 215 --- LnorU IS I ANNTA. an alliances with themsthat) if him, he would burni the water intheirt they compelled lakes rivers, to hinder them from and to their foreftss hed failing, and fet fire fome got- d lictle pot, and put brandy in it, and fet. Teon fire match ; the Indians, who were Dwithi a ed with not yet acquaint: time he took brandy, were amazed; at the fame Qut of his pocket a and fet fireltoa rotten treè convex glafs, Thefe people by means of the fitn. had the really believed, that the officer power of burning theif rivers and woods; they carefed him, loaded their fents, and fent him home well him with pre: one might do him any Harm. efcorted, that no M:de Bierville has made ufe Since that time feveral of M: du Tifenet in negociations towards with the Indians. making alliances fot s M. detifenat's 3. - Gr that of an adventure puts me in mind of Iralian, who was in the fuite of Tonty, the theh governor of Fort M. the Ilinois, This Italian fet L.ouis among out from land, to join M. de la thence'by have been very Salle, to whom he could which he ufeful, by teaching him the was to také in order to road Millfippi, if he could have come to the time; he likewife faved been with him in fratagem. his life by a Some Indians being fingular willing to kill him, of Tonty, the theh governor of Fort M. the Ilinois, This Italian fet L.ouis among out from land, to join M. de la thence'by have been very Salle, to whom he could which he ufeful, by teaching him the was to také in order to road Millfippi, if he could have come to the time; he likewife faved been with him in fratagem. his life by a Some Indians being fingular willing to kill him, --- Page 216 --- T R. A V E L S THROUGH - & - much in - the wrong him, 300 he told them they were that borei them to deftroy a man in attempting This difcoutfe amazed thei Barall in his heart. thern, that, A cif they. would bariansy he affured he would give him time till the next morning, of what he hadafconvince them of the truth themsi they adding, that if he deceived Then, ferted, pleafed with him. gE fhould do what they his breaft; the Indians, fixing a little: mirror on fee themfelves, as who were much fuprifed heart to of this man," grantthey imagined, in.the .vit odrnt dard 20 TSTEW ed him his life. commanded the convoy.àa delcending ars I have M. Aairi brought HP : M. de the rivery which prifoners to my, care Macarly trufted the Englith are the them to New Orleans 3 : they Into bring de Villiers andithc the Chevalier 35 fame which took. 1 have made sdian chief Patichangoulia beforc the thawing hafte to come to the capital loofe in the northern iof thelice, which breaks A ran the rifk rivers, and follows the currents orders ftopt bys at, if.1, had not given, ufe D of being I even made forirowing as hard as poflibles relieve my foldiers: ofthc Englith prifoners. to right to his life on fuchi as every one has an equal lent a liclping E Aoa the officers likewite LUV alitroba Trod 0 dhe orcafions, hand, to encourage hotins the crew., at mol auf W After bi eni botb aub alosd ai M lo iallawyanti-wnil nu3 191A bithoad oraot 9a bontalone forirowing as hard as poflibles relieve my foldiers: ofthc Englith prifoners. to right to his life on fuchi as every one has an equal lent a liclping E Aoa the officers likewite LUV alitroba Trod 0 dhe orcafions, hand, to encourage hotins the crew., at mol auf W After bi eni botb aub alosd ai M lo iallawyanti-wnil nu3 191A bithoad oraot 9a bontalone --- Page 217 --- NOUONET a 1 l4 o: LOU il IS I A N tOS wAfter Tow à A. pafling the rocksi at rud are no others in the Pradhomme M, there ared feveral Mlifppi; and when there and boats, they ares faftened go down 1 with I the current together, There ist only one man at the iday and hight, the head of : every helm, and oneat floating trees. It boat, to: take care of the fine riversr. the isa pleafure to gor down this up, takes fame diftance , which,l in three months and al going is performed in half, in . - ten or twelve defeending Water is high in the river, days, when the eul cld 63 I muft not' firft of forget to mention; that on? the January the foldiers come in to wilh their the morning officers a happy new nerally. return the civility year , whogedy. Iwisjut by a prefent of brantwo encamped on a little ifland about leagues in circuit, fituated branches of the on one ofs the Milfppi, which I was ing. This ifle was furrounded defcendtrees. A facetious with very tall this nation gaicoon foldier, as thofe of slilolaiot generally are, gave his comradesto under- * C sle R Thefe rocks form the fhores of the on both fides like walls of five hundred feet MIUFRAN, which are there was the Fort Prudhamme in this high. Formérly a fellow-traveller of M. de la Salle, place, who fo named from occafioned the fort to be called after him. died there, and --- Page 218 --- TRAVEI L S ITAROUGH 206: thacitheys mights pteanetrontinay underfands ifrthey would perform : the cerenèw year's gift: ifland. mony of ireceiving me B govemonéfidhe. droll thought, and The Herjeant approved orders this for it.h He began imomediately gaverhis of'a trecy-otwith graving my nimconthebaik with powder," dered sther fiwivels: sito be charged int armsi The and madel the troops appear andithe derjeant as mafdhrummiers beatia whirl, taking off-hisi hat, faid ter ofit the.ceremdniesy wolves; bears, < ins the king's zame A, ye bygers, and other animals of 66 oxen, ftags, roe-bucks, our commainder eeathis ifland, Msalliacknowledge andiobey him in all that he as your governor, you for his fervice P one che fhall command of frthe foldiers then 5 fired the fwivels of the with vaigenetal boats; which were accompaniecd The fudden a exofalute from the Amall arms: > thewild plofion roff thefe fire armsifighucned the river inorden to fwim oxen, who went into the:continent: : the.folthrough Sit -and to gain and killed diers went after them in alspiragua two roe-bucks that "four'ofi them, together with prefented themto juft tetetueseeien which obliged me to ftay mé :as my property, the, Aelh for confumption, here in oren to.dry during a Depork Roi. arms: > thewild plofion roff thefe fire armsifighucned the river inorden to fwim oxen, who went into the:continent: : the.folthrough Sit -and to gain and killed diers went after them in alspiragua two roe-bucks that "four'ofi them, together with prefented themto juft tetetueseeien which obliged me to ftay mé :as my property, the, Aelh for confumption, here in oren to.dry during a Depork Roi. --- Page 219 --- L OUIS I A N A. during the remaining partof tot otvoyage. Iniorder eake-advantage of thefunof It took myfoldiers, which good care to reward immediately, I had a'mind to vifit the interior parts of ment : but I was hardly gone half my governwhen I faw a béar, who a league, acorns 1 under a was quictly cating him, but the great oak : I fired my piccel iat ball only went into the lard-of the animal, which-was monftroully he. felt the fat; as foon as wound, he wanted ito come me, butiheiwas too up tô to run ifrom heavy to run; ; then feigning him, I drew him towards diers, who : foon furrounded my-fol guiley of and killed Fhim as felony and rebellion: court martial, where. the They held a corporal, who aéted ferjeant prefided. The as the neral, gave it as his opinion, king's that in artorneyagee torruin the fine coat of the bear, who order-not volted againft his mafter, he fhould had-refhot in the head, which only be ecuted.: was punétually exEollnl He was then flayed, and I have taken fkin,: which ris ' ai verya black one,. -and his Thall not relinquifh, which I chat of the Nemean any more than Hercules did lion which he conquered. - The --- Page 220 --- TRA V. E Ls THROUGH melted the fat, and got above :. The foldiers pots of oil from. itt one handred and twenty the bears come ouroftheir yos mut know that fruits begin to ripen, and heles-as foon as the till they are all eaten upthey do not go in again retreats tillithe next fcaThey then fay in: their that infon, and neither eat nor drink during thing they feed their greafe is the only tervals their paws. It is dangerous upon, by fucking without company- The Ine to meet a lean one trade with bears, fkins,and dians, make, a great their paws and tongues 5 treat. their friends with them on my have often regaled me, with they, shem.extrenaely good, and. I found voyages, a3 o2 Arrar - this letter to Campeach, to M.de who will L.direê of the French marine,, gery, the agent whence it will come fafer fend it to Cadizs from vefiels, as Spain is not at than by our, to you E I do not write duplicates of war with England to fet out for Europe this letter, befides, I hope T - next April. SIR, Sce. &c. I am, At New Orleans, the 25th of February 1757. LE Tin Louifuna they make ufe t Bears oili is very good to cat, and for fauces, and prefer it to of it for fallad, for frying, holds about two quarts Englith. hog's lard. The pot els, as Spain is not at than by our, to you E I do not write duplicates of war with England to fet out for Europe this letter, befides, I hope T - next April. SIR, Sce. &c. I am, At New Orleans, the 25th of February 1757. LE Tin Louifuna they make ufe t Bears oili is very good to cat, and for fauces, and prefer it to of it for fallad, for frying, holds about two quarts Englith. hog's lard. The pot --- Page 221 --- L U IS I A A. - E T T E R XI. So the Same, The MAutbor fets ouit for Europe: He Englifh Privateer. He embarks fghts an gois on a Vrefel at Cape Fran: belonging to a Fléct eF twenty-fs Merchantnen, which were almojs all his Sight by Privateers, taken in Vefelfrom the Taking of: a a liitle Enemy. Arrival at Bref. SIR, XXTAVING found no veffel H turn to France, Iwas here to reX board the obliged to go on brigantine Uwion as a floop of war, and commanded fitted out Gau-Zean who is well know for by captain five Englifh fhips having taken I from France during the war, on his to Lovifiana. voyage -VourIP We --- Page 222 --- TRA VEL S FHROUOH from the Balife on the firft of April We fet fail On the 2oth of April" 1757, for Cape Frangois: Jurk's ifland we per-" of : being in fight to belong to which we fuppoled ceived a thip, chafed us at night, and bethe enemy 5 fhe with us in three ing a prime failer, came up privateer faluted us hours' time : the Englifh and called out to with a bullet from his cannon, of England; to us to furrender to the king and a volley of which we returned a broadfide, I haled him to the imall arms S aftér which: of France, or ftrike his? calours for the king finding fhould be funk : the: privater elferhe meddle with a dealer in' bullets, that he. had to the: rocks near made soff, arid got. .among us nearer to the' Turk's ifland, hoping to draw. been loft. But our fhore, where we might have and a good macaptain, who was very prudent, the fnare which was riner at the fame time, faw inftead of following the laid for him : therefore, and we hap: privateer, he continued his voyage, of Cape Frangois on pily arrived in the harbour the. fquadron the firft of May. There. we found for the fuccours of deftined of M. de Beaufremant, M. de Barwhom the Canadd, having on board and lieuenani-ge king had appointed govctnor. neral * Lile Turgue. are which was riner at the fame time, faw inftead of following the laid for him : therefore, and we hap: privateer, he continued his voyage, of Cape Frangois on pily arrived in the harbour the. fquadron the firft of May. There. we found for the fuccours of deftined of M. de Beaufremant, M. de Barwhom the Canadd, having on board and lieuenani-ge king had appointed govctnor. neral * Lile Turgue. --- Page 223 --- L O U I S I A N A. 211: neral on the ifle of St. Domingo. on going on fhore My firft care him. That was to pay my refpeéts to A general, who is ferve unfortunate always ready to by officers, prevented my cares, difpatching me four days after and fparing me the my arrival, at if I had expence I fhould have been ftayed on this ifland, he a free paffage at the king's procured me. twenty-fix merchantmen expence, as a flect of France, under the were ready to fail for who convoy of M. de Beaufremont, brought them as far as the where he left them, in order Cayques iflands, his deftination. to proceed on according to the orders court. of the Imuft tell you that I preferably. chofe deaux veffel, called the Sum, a Borai (imitating the Indians, who indeed captain Odaxeirs.. nity of the fun). But the make a diviI was very happy in evént has fhewn, that the veffels which my choice; for almoft all. taken in compofed the fleet have been my fight., Only four arrived the Sun Was the firft: fhe in France, five days, after came to Bref inforty-. titude of the taking an Englifh fhip in the laNeufoundland bank. I Bref the fifteenth of June landed at ately waited on the Count 1757, and immedi. of the marines in this du Guai, commander port; ; Ithen paid a vifit to P 2 M. --- Page 224 --- 212 AT R AV ELS THROUGH the counfellor of ftate, and inM. Hocquart, of the marine in this department, whom tendant of the death of M. Auberville, who I informed for a time to M. Michael de la had fucceeded of the marine, Rowvilliert, as commiffary general of the provifions of% Louifana. and regulator knewn for his probity when he M. Hocquart was France; it is certain that was intendant of Neo he came back from thence indebted forty-thouwhich the king, contented with his ferfandlivres, has made him a préfent of; a fine example vices, his fucceffor; : but if he has not for M. Bigo', from his adminiftration, brought back treafures of palling for one he has at leaft the farisfaétion ofhis rank : he has been reofthegalianteft men and even by: the gretted by ail the Canadians, know how Indians, who, as I have already faid, to difinguith merit. that I had no On owning to this gentleman, to court with, he was fo kind as to money to go of the ca58 order M. Gatcher, clerk ofthet treafurer me fome. He likewife offered me lonies to give ftay in this town, which his table during my ofthis month. Iintend to leavethe twenty-fecond You Ordemmateur. even by: the gretted by ail the Canadians, know how Indians, who, as I have already faid, to difinguith merit. that I had no On owning to this gentleman, to court with, he was fo kind as to money to go of the ca58 order M. Gatcher, clerk ofthet treafurer me fome. He likewife offered me lonies to give ftay in this town, which his table during my ofthis month. Iintend to leavethe twenty-fecond You Ordemmateur. --- Page 225 --- L,OU I Si A N A. ai You will, perhaps, be amazed to hear, that in the fpace of cight months, Ihave feen winters, two fummers, and two two now explain it to you, I prings ; Ihall left the Illinois wrote to you, that I at the end - of December, when the Mulippi 1756, ing that began to 11 frecze, and defcendgreat river, I came to New Orleans in January 1757, the climate ofwhich is to that.of the Hierian comparable idands, where our ment was in 1744. That 1s, it was the regiof feafon gardening or pring. I left Louifana the firft of April 1757, and came to Cape the firft of May, and found fummer Françcis embarked for there: : I Europe on the fourth, and after coming out of the Bahama Chamelwie fpring, met with fands of continuing our voyage to the great Newfourdland, we faw on the fecond, at fun-rifing, a floating mountain twentyice, which at firft we took to be a of the fail; bur a keen air coming from it convinced u laft that it was a picce of ice us at ocean. On the fifteenth from the frozen 2171 came to Bref, where of June 1757, we we found fummer. a therefore is a pretty extraordinary cafe. This - I am, SIR, &cc. aG At Bref, the 181h eJune 1757. P 3 LET --- Page 226 --- 214 TRAVELS THROUGH - L E T T E R XII. 40 the Same, The Author arrives at Court, receives a Gratification from the King, and an Order to go to Rochefort. He embarks there for Louifiana. S I - R, *AM now once more at Rochefort from whence I failed for Louifana, cight years ago. I come from the court, where I prefented to the comptroller and minifter of the marine, M. de general the letter, which explains Moras, governor's the motives of my voyage. He was fo kind as to fpeak with me in his cabinet, in prefence of M. de la Porte, chief of the an Order to go to Rochefort. He embarks there for Louifiana. S I - R, *AM now once more at Rochefort from whence I failed for Louifana, cight years ago. I come from the court, where I prefented to the comptroller and minifter of the marine, M. de general the letter, which explains Moras, governor's the motives of my voyage. He was fo kind as to fpeak with me in his cabinet, in prefence of M. de la Porte, chief of the --- Page 227 --- DOUTINSI I A N A. 215 the. board of plantations. He queftioned me on the prefent fate of Lonifana. I affured a thel minifter that had left in intereft all the nations of that vaft our tinent, which I had: vifited, and: that con- the Cherokees were come to treat of peace with the French. He likewife afked I thought the colony could be attacked. me, whether fwered that there was little I anprobabilityofthe lith attempting to attack it, on account of Eng- the difficulty of coming in through the mouth of the Milfippi at" the fort of Balife: and that the colony wanted no other fortifications, than thofe which nature had provided it with. M. de Moras obtained for me from the king a gratification of a thoufand livres in order to enable me to go to the waters which health required I fhould take; after which I my réceived an order from his majefty to go back to Louifana, and continue my fervices there; therefore I came hither without lols of time in order to embark, we intend to fet fail Joon as the convoy will be fitted out for as Breton. Cape M. Druis Inbuto fucceeds M. Normant de Mf, as Intendant of the marine. The king P 4 could --- Page 228 --- TRAVELS THROUGH could not choofe a better perfon both on account of his abilities,- and of dt his integrity, and likewife on account of his zeal for the king's intereét in this important place. This intendant made me the fame offer as his predeceffor, I am, SIR, &zc. At Rochefort, thetzth 19s ef September 1757- - 1 ungn 08 0TDO8 zmak wh. sEe L1 x Vaa aiA -d evty n 315 Sar la - NE UATIA tuds nS mont Dor D1 S0W K A ITREI ralimaso niod t 01 tobnsani PA ak suquol nt Dasthh R0v0s aili pod a F sr a vsaat oad AN ni guitoeid ang qp3 oe uo sa bs Lemyilida spw a ali iga3t ag nslo dunhabpl a ami: sub SmC it 1o Jenaaity bommale gnived 1w to m Alga3 o dinont adi Da 20 Lobnutss tnd sads irienh ha l 5W amgoeb notisopl SET FatA inom DEA sily 30 dinat sib no mel LET- --- Page 229 --- EOU I S wotnag E 0010t N53 sabusn E T T E R XIII. To the Jame. The Author leaves Rochefort; he meets wwith Enghifh three ef which Merchant-Sipr, taken ty M. de one was burnt and another Place, Rops at the He of Grenada. fank. He Jamaica, Navigation along S I R, a Wrote to you from I Va intended to fet out in Rochefort, that we * December but the convoy deftined 1757; Cape Breton having in to fuccour Englith fleet, we part been taken by the ther. were obliged to fit out anoDuring that time a fquadron of ten Englifh men of war having alarmed great Aunis, that has retarded the coaft of May. This us till the month of fquadron on the tenth of the fame difappearing, we fet fail month, Iv was Va intended to fet out in Rochefort, that we * December but the convoy deftined 1757; Cape Breton having in to fuccour Englith fleet, we part been taken by the ther. were obliged to fit out anoDuring that time a fquadron of ten Englifh men of war having alarmed great Aunis, that has retarded the coaft of May. This us till the month of fquadron on the tenth of the fame difappearing, we fet fail month, Iv was --- Page 230 --- V E 1S Sirikobat 218 TRA the King's frigate La Fortunt, I was on board commiffary-ge. together with M. de Rochentore, ordomnateur of the pro. neral of the. marine, and de Place, a captain of a M. vince' of Lowifiana. the Eopalme frigate of man of war, commanded we met deftined for our convoy: which thirty guns, veffels on our voyage, with three Englith cannon-hot. M. de Place. only coft us three burnt the other, after funk one of them, and out of them. As taking the crew and the goods the coaft of Guiea, third, it came from to the and had on board four hunwas richly laden, who were in part fold dred and forty negrocs, The Baron de Bonroonf, to the ifle of Grenada. goverhor of this who has juft been appointed and poentertained us very generoully remained ifand, there. We litely during our ftay of July, when'we there till the twenty-fecond alongfide of Yamals failed for Louifiand, keeping of the enemy, which the fhips cay a to avoid great thores: we took that courle never come to thofe and we atrived hapa in order to deceive the fpy, on the twelfth pily at the mouth of the Millippi sel 1S a 3 HROT à of Auguft. peei honeft ordonateur, who M. de Rochemere * an of the King, will zealous for the intereft have, is very who is now commodore. The brother of a M.Rechmore --- Page 231 --- LO.UISIA N A. have a great deal.of trouble in abules that have crept. into the reforming the the colony's affairs, fince the management of our voyage, I foretold him, war; and during much difturbed in that he would be his forefaw.really axminiftration: what I which happened; 3 and by the fame fhips brought LIS hither, the court has been hi prejadiced againft him, with a viewi to of his place. Iwas but juft arrived deprive Orleans, when the at Nea prepare to go with a detachment governor gave me orders to an Indian nation to the Allibamons, from the two hundred and fifty leagues capital. I take advantage of portunity of the King's fhips, which the opFrance at the end of the will fail for to you, by duplicates, that if, year; and I write you may get the letter one thip be taken, fhall be informed of by the other. When I which I fhall the manners of the nations pafs through, and which ted to the eaft of New are fituathat Orleans, I fhall defcribe country to you, whichis reckoned and very good, very fine At New Orleans, the Toth ef November 1758. onct DR LET. at the end of the will fail for to you, by duplicates, that if, year; and I write you may get the letter one thip be taken, fhall be informed of by the other. When I which I fhall the manners of the nations pafs through, and which ted to the eaft of New are fituathat Orleans, I fhall defcribe country to you, whichis reckoned and very good, very fine At New Orleans, the Toth ef November 1758. onct DR LET. --- Page 232 --- ( N ELS THROUCH I / % rmo) 2 i SER b vodiavog ods ETLT E R bat XIV. ASTL eint 231 blad tanpoo om Sbeoabt siadi To the Jame. 21 dT 5 o stolanes re Onyma Sloiw aniha wRNGOTNE dud - enidAT Ofleans for zhe New The Author departs from on the Lake Pontewt Altibamons." His Nasigation of Mobile: M silt Ehartrain. Shorf Deftription 19 he 51 R T5VIT -linoa SIONT V morto arl erts adbit Lslles sU 03 otad 1n2 à 1 Mo. -nuos S I R, of Neco Orleans on the fourteenth A7 Left to M. de KerleDecembery, according fet out for the Alliorders, and TeC's the little creek of St.: Tian, bamans, Iailed from the lake Poniharirain. which is fituated in of a mile A 3 of about a quarter There is a portage. creck : which is about from New Orleans to.this were favourable to long; the winds I two leagues arrived and on the twenticth ofDecember 520 at 163 uss, monl volds 84AMA 30 smar Ators 5001 03 L2 fmall inlet wherc the tide goes up. Bayouc, a --- Page 233 --- LoU IS N A. Fitt at the bay and fort of Mobile, which is Heagues diftant from the capital. fifty The Mobile was formerly the chief in Loufiana, and the refidence of the fettlement ordornateutr, and of the chief officers. governor, perior council held its The fufittings there likewife. There is a pretty regular fort, capable of fifting a whole army of Indians; but retroops could foon take it. It is fituated European bay where the tide on a rivers, comesup; and between two one of which is fmall, and is called the river of the Chailauas, the other is derable than the Seine before more confiMobile Rouen, is called river, and rifes in the Apalachian tains ;, it is the rendez-vous of all the mounwho live to the eaftward. Indians receive the They come there tô tributes - prefents which the King annually dif to them by his goyernor, The about Mobile is gravelly; foil fucceeds however, the cattle exceedingly well there, and VerY much. The inhabitants muliplies and trade are very. laborious, 0) with the Spaniards ; they 3th to fort Tof Penlacola, go the falt which is near Mobile, and DA beef, wild fowl, maize, rice, and TA get ables from thence. The other eatlikewife inhabitants of Mobile carry on a trade with tar. As to the e fur- ly; foil fucceeds however, the cattle exceedingly well there, and VerY much. The inhabitants muliplies and trade are very. laborious, 0) with the Spaniards ; they 3th to fort Tof Penlacola, go the falt which is near Mobile, and DA beef, wild fowl, maize, rice, and TA get ables from thence. The other eatlikewife inhabitants of Mobile carry on a trade with tar. As to the e fur- --- Page 234 --- THROUGH TRAVELS with the Indians, the oficers carry it fur-trade of all others, contrary to the on exclanvely tibiq intention. - King's nd 1E 03 D0 DOG red there are white and About this place, +. Therea are likebays #and wild cherry-trees the latter is very wife white and : red dedarst work; its fmell for inlaid fine, and very good the wood indeed is incorrupéxpels infeets, and forts of trees in the fotible: There are feveral in Europe, which are unknown refts hereabours, abound with a gum like turand fome which are likewife cyprettes saffuch pentine. There out of that the Indians make piraguas aac UA1C a' fize, fixty men. which" can éontain one piece, 31 ons - auoct Trench came into Lowifaha, the ni Before the their boats in the following Indians conftruicted A manner. x Lirn. which a Thebaysare probablythe Lauras apiualis Berberia. Dinn. which have white Aowers ; andthe Laures berrics. F. has red Rower-cups and black or, purple, ae clufRters, and 0 + The wild chierfics ofthis country them: groyin in America, d there are chiefy, thrce kinds of groweing. and Lufitarices Linne 10 viz, Prunus Virginianay, Canadenft SInt Farginiana Linn. and'the Thered cedaris dlie Tunipetas Ow Ep : white, 1 cedar is the Caprefis Tlyoides Linn. KN $ Or cedars. --- Page 235 --- Lio U I SI A N A. manner, 223They went to the banks of vers, which are very, numerous in this fome.ri- vaft gion, and which by their rethe roots thel treès which fand rapidity tear up by They took their on their banks: breadth, and dimenfions for length and they accordingly chofe fuch a tree as wanteds after which they fet fire as the tree burnt on to it, and coals with a flint or they feraped away the live ciencly hollowed it an arrow; and having fufiare out, they fetit afloat, very well fkilled in They veffels upon their lakes and condu@ting thefe little ploy them in time of rivers. They. emthem with the furs war, and likewife load. and dried flefh which bring back from their hunts. theys Their. inftruments and their made in the following weapons were manner: : they young tree for that purpole, in chofe a 1 which made an incifion with a they flint, orfharp as a razor, and they pebble as form of a hatchet into the put a ftone cut in asthe tree grew up, it enchafed incifion; the therefore, by that means became ftone, which they. afterwards infeparable from it, and cut it off in order to make ofic; their lances and their darts ufe the lame manner. were made in hard wood. They had clubs of a very As chofe a 1 which made an incifion with a they flint, orfharp as a razor, and they pebble as form of a hatchet into the put a ftone cut in asthe tree grew up, it enchafed incifion; the therefore, by that means became ftone, which they. afterwards infeparable from it, and cut it off in order to make ofic; their lances and their darts ufe the lame manner. were made in hard wood. They had clubs of a very As --- Page 236 --- THROUGH 274 T RAVELS inftruments of agriculture, they As to their of animals, or of only made ufe of the bones The ground hard wood. fpades of a very is fruitfuls the grafs throughout America very and after the froft there grows high and clofe; fet fre to it; then has dried it up, the Indians their fpades, fow it, they dig the ground with after their crops. and reap three months maize, millet, beans, and other They plant piftachios, and leguminous plants, potatoes, likewife very common water-melonss : gourds are inhabicants call them githere, and the French romonds. were difhes and pots of Their kircheneutenfils wooden difhes. They earthen ware, and: deep andiifpoons * of the made cups of calebafhes; théy cuti through the, horns of wild: oxen, which fhape by and.f formii into the properi middle, " ban 103t a means of fire. S CU 72 3 1 3 J Jag the provis As foon. as we Gnall haye gociready the and for the garrifon.of fions for our. vayages:a M. Aubert and myfelf in fort, we ihall fet.out, foldiers and Mobile Indians, a boat armed with whom etalo bad * Which they call Micouens. --- Page 237 --- "LO U is I A N: A. whom we have hired age. to row during the voyM. Aubert, though he is adjutant of at Mobile, has been the fort 7eC, to command Fort appointed, by M. de Kerlewhich is Touleufe at the Aiibameas, contrary to the King's order, ding all majors and forbidtions than thofe of the adjutants to do other funcplace they belong to. A If any fhips arrive from haps receive letters from Europe, I Thall percommands you. M. de Velle, who here, will be fo kind as to to me with the firft fend them convoy. Ia am, SIR, &c. 1 At Mobile, the 6thef Tanuary 1759. cd Voz, i Q LET --- Page 238 --- FHROUCH TRAVELS A tos a Sasad 3d7 T. T E R XV, To the fame. Mobile for the AllibaThe Author fets out from Mamer's of thisNaDefeription of- the mons. Their Way of punifhing Adulsery. tion. l de a myda DU ost S I R, Fort Touloufe AM at laft arrived at béen the Allibamonse E j-have among becaufe; taking ffty days a-coming; the water in the river boat in the rainy feafon, fifteen feet; this often fwelled to twelve or was the heavy rains, 130 fudden increafe was caufed by and by the high hereabouts, which are frequent river. 1 hills that run along this to work hard againit We have been. obliged and there were the rapidity of the current, advanced a during which" we fcarcely days lcague. Allibamonse E j-have among becaufe; taking ffty days a-coming; the water in the river boat in the rainy feafon, fifteen feet; this often fwelled to twelve or was the heavy rains, 130 fudden increafe was caufed by and by the high hereabouts, which are frequent river. 1 hills that run along this to work hard againit We have been. obliged and there were the rapidity of the current, advanced a during which" we fcarcely days lcague. --- Page 239 --- LO U I S I. A N A. league, It is impofible to the woodss the hills, and fail, on account of and thereforewe turnings of the river i could do no otherwife than along the fhores. One day I had the go to fee my boat hemmed in misfortune tree * by the branches - thac was fet under of a nighted in this Water : we were beged to wait for the dilagreeable break fituation; and obliriver rifes and falls of day. But as this felf by the floods, I now quite in the air in my boat. found mytwenty-five leagues We were 2 and the Mobilian from the mouth of the river, fàvages that accompanied comforted me by the hope that the me, would fet me a-float next tide mounting again; and really the tide. up the river from Mobile us from our uncomfortable bay delivered by this, dear Sir, what fituation. You fee a difference it makes in navigating an European and an American river, M. Aubert fell fick on the way, and ed on. him to ftay at Mobile for the I prevailhis health : and fo he, came from recovery of on-horfeback, by thence hither crofing the fir-woods, which Q2 are e Thère are hereabouts that ten men can fearcely cedar-trees of fo prodigious a fize, for she.goodnefs and clafp them ; which eafily accounts its climate is one of the fertility mof of the country, and belides. this. healtby. --- Page 240 --- TRAVELS THROUGE him; thin. M. de Montberaut is to give are very of this poft by order of the up the command inftruéted him during governor, after having environs, and. three months, of its fituation, * other articles. This latter gentleman many among the Indians of this has a high reputation call him the man of valour, i. e. country, who for the fpirited the hero: He was remarkable manner anawhich hc delivered, in, a ipecches of thinking of thefe nations. logous to the way with the Jefuits, and This officer had a quarrel and was fucceedtherefore aiked to be recalled;. Father Auberi, ed by M. Auberts the brother of miffionary. in Louifiana. M. Montberait a Jefuit thefe miffionaries. Whilft is a déclared enemy to he wrote to the Father Lc Roi was at Allibamons, whom the to difcredit this, officer, to governor the letter delivered.it. foldier who was to carry the who faw after this Jefuit, The commander according to the thewed him many civilities, fathers : The principles of thele good political him, whether he had written fome: officer afked him. The Jefuit, not fuipeating thing againft hand, affared him his letter to bein the officer's Then M. all that was facred he had not. by Montberaut brother of the Count de Montauts who beHe is- the longed to the houfchold of the Dauphin. this Jefuit, The commander according to the thewed him many civilities, fathers : The principles of thele good political him, whether he had written fome: officer afked him. The Jefuit, not fuipeating thing againft hand, affared him his letter to bein the officer's Then M. all that was facred he had not. by Montberaut brother of the Count de Montauts who beHe is- the longed to the houfchold of the Dauphin. --- Page 241 --- LT C U I S. I A N Au: Moniberau called Father Le a cheat, Roi an impoftor and. produced the letter, and gate ofthe fort, fixed it at the tinel to take giving it in charge to the care of it; and fenthere were no Jefuits fince that time among the dlibamons. Whilt I am here bamons, I Thall have going to fpeak of the Alli. wife ofthe TaRitis, an opportunity to treat likeKawuytas, the Abekas, the0gapepa, the Tonicas, the kis, andt the Pakaras, theyalipadfhian, the Cen/haly related to one another. whofe manners are all neartogether can raile about All thefe nations put four They aré all well-lhaped thoufand warriors. along the river fides, and men, live commonly ved among thefe no fooner are you arriwell-behaved men arel of the fame character, men, whofe wopart beautiful, but and for the greater the they come to receive landing-place, thaking hands you at prefenting you with the with you, and ing fimcaked, they afk from calumer. After hav- no your coming, and the you the caufe of road; whar ftay time you fpent on the them, whether you intend to make you have a wife and children among *. They * The' politenefs ofthe to the Europeans their girls, Indians and' goes even fo faras to offer for that purpofe the chiefs Q.3 fpeal: --- Page 242 --- C - T R A VELS THROUGH 1e 1 tails ESi TL of the war 31R They likewifer inquire the particulars their father and afk how. the King in Canadd, then bring you a difh, made of does. go They which they coarfely pound, maize orlndian corn, with fome and boil in water, generally together bread.made venifon * They likewife ferve upi in hot afhes, of the four of the fame corn, baked turkies, broiled venifon, panroafted young nut-oil, chefnuts when, ini feacakes baked with or oil, roebucks fon, boiled with bears greale with hen and turtle, + eggs, tongues, together sda 3 to HONT in the lower The foil of Lauifana refembles, after the Nile of the colony, that of Egppt and parts overflown the çountrys it is excellent, has of the nations I now chiefly fo in the country fpeak of. moila biot N3r y iet 8 Jon turns large, full The melons.are here prodigiouly water-melons ofjuice, and in great plentyi the are zasily n. in the following manner in the vilfpeak the next morning, do not be foolifh, love the lage: Young men and warriors, of the French, who mafter of life; hunt for the fupport girls; do. not be hardbring us our wants: and you young body in refpeÉt to the hearted, nor ungrateful with their, your blood; by this alliance we white warriors, for to get and be refpeted by our enemies. fhall get wit like them, t Sea-tortoife, 'et This is çalled Sagamite: . in the following manner in the vilfpeak the next morning, do not be foolifh, love the lage: Young men and warriors, of the French, who mafter of life; hunt for the fupport girls; do. not be hardbring us our wants: and you young body in refpeÉt to the hearted, nor ungrateful with their, your blood; by this alliance we white warriors, for to get and be refpeted by our enemies. fhall get wit like them, t Sea-tortoife, 'et This is çalled Sagamite: --- Page 243 --- LO U I S I A N A. are fo delicious, that they are given to the fick to quench their thirft during the burning fits of the fever. Potatoes are plentiful here : and the Europeans are very fond of this kindi of root, which taftes like chefnuts roafted a - an JO g9r d in hot alhes. The Indians are generally contented with 10 wife, of whom they arej jealous to excels. When one an Indian lies at a village where he has no wife, he hires a girl.for a night or two, ashe and her parents never have pleafes, any objection to. it; they concern themfelves very little about their girls, faying their bodies are free: the Indian do not abufe this girls intereft liberty ; and they findit their to keep up an appearance of modefty, in order to engage their lovers to afk them in marriage : but in regard to wives the Indians maintain, that they have fold their liberty by ing, and that they muft not be ferved marry- other men than theirhufbands. The by privilege of men keep the leave having feveral wives, and they can them whenever they pleafe; but this feldom happens. When a woman is" caughrin adultery, the leaft punifhment is being ted. The hufband then leaves the hut; repudia- and they have anyi children, he if ori the wife the takes the boys, and girls; the muft remain a widow for one year; but he can marry again immediarely. Q4 He --- Page 244 --- T THRO OUG H - 232 TRAXRLSI take his wife again, cherefore He can. likewife fecond till,a fhe muft not, enter. on, a. marriage whole be paft, a na rodr 1 E year) 2- - - Irgi 0 Pors ut VDU a marriage 1 of the Indians is quite fimple, The confent Fe already obferved; the mutual as Thave is the only, tie which, joins them. of the parties, hufband makes fome prefents offurs The future victualsin the hut of his, bride's fathers iE and afctivalia made, to, whichthe be received, inviteds, after the mcal, the ex SEE village is ploits of the new hufband's, anceltors are of fungs the dance enfues. The next day one and a in the village prefents the bride to oldeft men of her hufbands and thus the whole the relations of marriage is concluded. Allrhelnceremony deduce their lincage, from the women, aldians may, be fure of their ariging on ledging that they accordingly, of their having their that fide, and their but that claiming mother's blood in yeins, The their defcent from the men was uncertain. chufe the. warriors and the beft huntfmen great the others have only their refufe, pretieft gprlss, The girls, knows and all the ugly ones left. miftrefles of theirhearts: ing that they cannot be know how to difpofe of after they are. marricd, advantage for. when once them to the greateft all coquetry, muf ceafe 3 theyhave a bufbands they claiming mother's blood in yeins, The their defcent from the men was uncertain. chufe the. warriors and the beft huntfmen great the others have only their refufe, pretieft gprlss, The girls, knows and all the ugly ones left. miftrefles of theirhearts: ing that they cannot be know how to difpofe of after they are. marricd, advantage for. when once them to the greateft all coquetry, muf ceafe 3 theyhave a bufbands they --- Page 245 --- LO-UrIsip, A Ni A. 233 they muftrapply themfelves to their duties their houfes, fuch Tas in meals, preparing their hufbands drefling the fkins, making fhoes, ning the wool of the wild fpin: little bafkets in which oxen, and making and'induftrious! they are very well fkilled 1311 :s e4ls ft The 'manner of punifhing the infidelity wives 1S "as follows : the hufband of their perfectly convinced of his wife's muft firft be by his own eyes, and then The is' watched mifbehaviour relations and her own. The by his longer hufband 'isthen no allowed - to keept his wife, fhould wifhi itis becaufe the though he ism unworthy and beneath Indians fay, that it a wife who has failed a true man to live with him. In this' fo effentially in herduty to cafe, the hufband goes to the Caciques and tells him: his ftory. The chief mediately orders fome imfwitches, and all people to go and. cut little chief then keep a profound fecret. The gives orders'for a grand dance, which every man, woman, boy, and girl lin the is obliged: to attend, unlefs. village themifeves to be fined ; but there they will expote any'abfent : in the midft of the are hardly ever woman is extended dance the guilty the back and on the floor, and beaten on feducer ftomach without mercy,. and her undergoes the fame ceremony. When --- Page 246 --- TRAVELS THROUGH When thefe wretches have been, well flogged; mi relation on each fide comes and.lays a ftick a the executioners. That a crofs the criminals,and but then the huf moment they ccafe to beat; hair clofe band comes and cuts off all his wife's her head and reproaches her in prefence to s, that is, he reprefents to her of all the people, to act as, fhe had how much fhe has done wrong done with him, that he had let her. want for nothing, but that fince fhe had however tranfgrelfed, fhe might now go. with her feducer; whofe likewife cut on his forehead, and tell hair they There, that is him, pointing to his paramour, her. that inthy wife. He is at liberty, to marry ftant, but he muft go; to fettle in another. vilil lage. n0 a woman debauches a married -7 When married themman, the women - meet together among and felves eachi with a flick of.an arm's length, the criminal woman, whom they beat go to which creates great mirth and without mercy, the women laughter amongft the young people; if the men did not would kill the guilty wretchy, fnatch away the fticks. Phyfic, ru have hair in treffes, * The Indian women long muft go; to fettle in another. vilil lage. n0 a woman debauches a married -7 When married themman, the women - meet together among and felves eachi with a flick of.an arm's length, the criminal woman, whom they beat go to which creates great mirth and without mercy, the women laughter amongft the young people; if the men did not would kill the guilty wretchy, fnatch away the fticks. Phyfic, ru have hair in treffes, * The Indian women long --- Page 247 --- L OUI's I A Ni A. Phyfic, war, 3W hunting and fithing are the only arts which the Indians are ambirious of Khowing, Théy educate their - children very hardy, and make them bathe and fwim in winter time at day-break 3 which done the young men come of their own accord before their chief warrior, who holds a (peech' to them, telling them never to fear the warer: that they may be purfued by their enemies ; and that if they are taken they are burnt alive; that they muft on this occalion prove that they are true men, by complaints * au nu JUs - oalt uttering no ont 5 oO s4 Non When the harangue is finifhed; the chief. fcarifies their thighs, breaft and back, in order to ufe them to pain, and be then gives them blows with leather ftraps +. The great are then allowed to take place young the men among warriors ; and when' they have done fome great action in the wars, they are marked with vd ndy needles, Tun oul QJ - in * C The Indians are 00 obliged to fupport badluck with heroic confancy, in order that their valour may defcend to their pofterity. +! Thefe leather fraps are of the breadth of three The. Indians ufe them for carrying their bundles when fingers. f out on a journey. they --- Page 248 --- TRAVE LS THROUCH 236: have to you when I ini the manner I explained fpoke of the Ilinois! 11 - TTALEDT gada gneila Mt fuck their mother's Their children whilft they winbathed in cold water during milks are daily the earth is their ter; and when they grow: up, their children very bed. As the Indians -love carly to famuch, they accuftom them very and indeed as their whole body is naked, tigues fenfible to the cold than the face it is: no more: and hands. daniun a O1 - that cannot follow them, The old men, delire to be killed whenever they make a retreat, clubs, both to fpare them thel wretchednefs with condition, and to avoid falling of-a a decrepit of their enet mies, who would cerinto thej hands for the Indians in their tainly, burn or eat them ; women and infants at the breaft, wars kill men, the ravages of the fmall which together with of America. pox, is a caufe of the. depopulation be amiis Sir, to obferve that It will.not act of humanity on, cerit is mercly- an fon an end to his, fa tain occafions when a puts veneration ther's life. TheIndians have a great condust regulate their for their old men; : they undertake nothing by their advice, for they with- women and infants at the breaft, wars kill men, the ravages of the fmall which together with of America. pox, is a caufe of the. depopulation be amiis Sir, to obferve that It will.not act of humanity on, cerit is mercly- an fon an end to his, fa tain occafions when a puts veneration ther's life. TheIndians have a great condust regulate their for their old men; : they undertake nothing by their advice, for they with- --- Page 249 --- LOUI S I A N A. without their confent. care of theold men, and They I have likewifetake great - on their return from feen their chiefs fhared the a hunting party, before they people, which game, lay alide the fhare of the old is likewife of widows and appropriated to the ufe thers have been orphans, whofe hufbands and fakilled in defence The Indiansare oftheircotintrs with whom very hofpitable towards ftrangers allies and they are in. peace, and kind to their friends, but cruel and their enemies. They. unmerciful to fcandalized to fee a are furprifed and even New Orleans, drawn number of Englifhmen at for the fake, of thither in time of war, trading under the tence. of coming to exchange fpecious pre. cacique lately returned prifoners * A owned to from New Orleans me, that he had a freely break their heads for great mind to the north, that is, killing the French in and that he during the fiege of was Quebec, upon thofe that tempted to take his were at New Orleans. revenge He added, Here our author inferts a lith who come in veffels to Nequ Iong invedlive againft the Engwar on board, which they offer to Orleans with prifoners of this cloak, they get information exchange, and that under ation of the colony, and of the frength and fituSome allowance muft be" made buy up all the furs they can get, French pertnefs. F. for mational prejudiceand --- Page 250 --- I THnOUGH T RAYELS (238 they! fpokel to their added, that in hiss country hands, as foon as énemies with the club in cheir which denotes, the 1 hatchet isi dug Eps au phrafe commerce or COTtohave any or inthat sobodyoughes with the enemy, direaly! after rerpondence pretence wbarfoever, - directly, undér any. he! will prove: a traitor war is declared, unlefs accordingly. his country, and bei punithed Maslvr to RMV Asvng 1 aLoit an kmont briraq bury the Jud a ais concluded they mWhen 30 peace club, under grounds ngnifying hatchet or the hatred towards. their enethereby that all their that the horrors.of is buriedi in oblivion, and I mies: that friendthip war are at an enda.and. again between DR growing white Rowersof a the, good wnirtlondingr like them and their friendse (which is the white laurel), their tree of peacca its branches over; the awhite that ought to fpread expreflion which d9b a metaphorical anttor L grounds: the ground of peace. la which means 3 O 0523 ef ay a3s jsn called DOsacu à 10 cacique volls 1 mentioned befores in- the svsd The and hew is. sery warm, 2 Samatileningt iknow. - that he has fcornfully French interefk AT which fome Englithnen rejeéted the prefents he had a great would have loaded bim with,and him fuch oat break their heads for making mind to medal faftened He wears. a filver round a propofition. s jsn called DOsacu à 10 cacique volls 1 mentioned befores in- the svsd The and hew is. sery warm, 2 Samatileningt iknow. - that he has fcornfully French interefk AT which fome Englithnen rejeéted the prefents he had a great would have loaded bim with,and him fuch oat break their heads for making mind to medal faftened He wears. a filver round a propofition. --- Page 251 --- LvO UIISIDTA Nrr A. round his neck by a leather told me, he would be buried thong. He often image of his father (that together with the which he is; the king's wears on his portrait) ways been faithful to him breaffyrand having alhands with him in the land he hoped to fhake he expeéted to fee him of the fouls, where thy chief bad fhewn one day, After this worwhich me. thefe fine parted from his heart, fentiments tle of brandy to drink I gave him a bota and mine, Such the health of his father little douceurs when proper occafions, have a given on people; thus great effeét upon thefe pulled off they were greatly moved when I oftheir my fhirt and gave it them in the father, telling them that he name becaufe he knew pitied them, paincé * that his by means of the ppeaking L children were naked, fab1991 0D Thefe nations have fyftems which no idea of the are known political powers. In their among the European muft afit them, opinion, the allies of a nation no correfpondenice" when they are in war, and have had a long and with their enemies. I à ferious conference with have' Mingo, who is a one Allexi of a diftriét juggler and likewife the chief urt among them, and ) pretends to have aag : been - Paper, or letters. --- Page 252 --- TArSUOH TR A Y.EILS foldiers of the been abufed by fome Spanifa owned that he rifon of Perfacala : this Indian of them, in order to be revenged formed a defign incurfion with his warriors to make a general of Perjacola into Floridas to the. very' and would 'pay. me compliment, - T This Indian his delign, by tclling mc, make.me apptoveref drawn into it, becaufe the that he was partly theirmatss i.e. they, Spaniards. lay ftill upon whom they; rc-. with the Englifh, weie. at péace though at that time, they ceived-into their ports, were: our enemies.a : aacht Lt sodh of the Cacique in ulie anfwereds thisrdifcourfe capable of fuch as weremott was exprels, teims.and from his enterprize, as I making him defift maffacre of the Spaniards. willing to prevent a : accordwho: were. our allies and neighbours: analogous to to-him in a manner: ingly I fpoke character of theination. the: genius and edal Nior wO nit du : sonas 1 - Ptisl thy heart, open Alexit Mingos faid I, prepare of my words, for it thy ears to hean the force wits; which thou will bring back to thee thy haft loft to-day. ur Danil 3 au a 1 that the chief foveT tell thee, then who lives grand on the other reign of the Spaniards, fide and neighbours: analogous to to-him in a manner: ingly I fpoke character of theination. the: genius and edal Nior wO nit du : sonas 1 - Ptisl thy heart, open Alexit Mingos faid I, prepare of my words, for it thy ears to hean the force wits; which thou will bring back to thee thy haft loft to-day. ur Danil 3 au a 1 that the chief foveT tell thee, then who lives grand on the other reign of the Spaniards, fide --- Page 253 --- L OUIS 1 A N A. Ade of the world that great falt-water lake, in the old fwarms with inhabitants is ther * of the facher of the the brothe king of red men, i. e. of France, and I fay, I difapprove accordingly, muft delign. I fairly very much of thy bold perhifteft in it, thou declare to thee, that if thou to begin with canft do no better than breaking my head. The cique anfiwvered, 6 Cacc as Thy blood is as dear to me &s my own ; befides,the - me any harm, and I Frenchhave am never done cc life for them; thou ready to give iny cc that. Oh that I canft affure our father of 66 which thou had the (peaking fubftance 6c haft, to let him know but no, 1 rather-wifh I had my words, 6 which he a hundred mouths might hear +. 39. After this proteftation of me his Calumet, and when I friendthip had he gave Ir returned it to fmoked a little the Spaniards, him, as having made peace for ill-ufed; bv whom he pretended to have been and as a ratification I gave him Vozi I. R a bottle * The Indians call théir allics brothers. + Some time after the author's thefe parts maffacred feveral departure, the Indians of within two leagues of fort Englifmen, that were come Jox then commanded, who Towlonfe, is where M. de Grand-Mai. Neav Orleans. now Major of the troops at --- Page 254 --- THROUCH 242. T RAVELS that is of brandy, faying, tie.of the fiery water, clean thy mouth, that it this I give thee to bad words. again(t the may not utter any more, and to frengthen my difSpaniards. our allies: : roll of tobacco, for his courfe I gave a great of the great Calumet of warriors to fmoke out was at an end, the peace: After my. harangue after another to fqueeze young: people came one of friendibip, which me by the hand, as a mark is cuftomary among them. however, to perfuade this Cacique, Iwithed, the Spaniards, who receive who was piqued. at, becaufe they are at Englifh veffels at Penfacola, to inform theme peace: for he faid they came of thefe of the fituation and ftrength felves - coafts. 13 odasl the indian, I told him, By way of appealing waited for the arrival of that the govemnor daily fhoukd bring him fome * 2 which a great piragua fubftance, wherein the great of the fpeaking fhould orderhim to dig up chiefofthes Spaniards and to litt up his-club the hatchet of wars againft the Englifh, This : An Europcan fhip- id they came of thefe of the fituation and ftrength felves - coafts. 13 odasl the indian, I told him, By way of appealing waited for the arrival of that the govemnor daily fhoukd bring him fome * 2 which a great piragua fubftance, wherein the great of the fpeaking fhould orderhim to dig up chiefofthes Spaniards and to litt up his-club the hatchet of wars againft the Englifh, This : An Europcan fhip- --- Page 255 --- LO U I SF A. This difcourle fatisfied he had drank a good my Cacique, s ahd as very talkative, and portion of brandy; he was I took the opportunity. of queftioning him concerning the the Spaniards in Florida. He grudge he bore heard by told me, that he had tradition, that the firft warriors % who came into this of fire country had tilities in it, and violated committed hof. the law of and, that ever fince that period, nations $ his nation had the anceftors of always recommended it to their pofterity to revenge the blood which had unjuftly fhed. It told the been the Lord of life had juggling Cacique, that revenged them by the death of Ferdinand faficiently, his warriors. Soto, and almoft all I added, that they had no further hate the Spaniards; that reafon to the Spaniards, Philip II. grand chief of had difavowed all the which his generals had done in thefe mifchief being contrary to his-intentions. climates, as R. 2 I told ** Hiftory inform us, thatin 1544, incurions into this Ferdinand Soto niade never feen any. country ; the Indians there, who had fire, becaufc they Europeans, were called the Spaniards warriors of faid, that the cannon armed with guns and piftols: : they earth to tremble, by was thunder, and that it caufed the killing people at a great diftance. --- Page 256 --- A T 1 0 3. 361811 THROUGH 9113 DE mid 1 TRAVELS uM 10 of thel ftory Itold this American prince. viceroy: part of Pertts who of Dox Francis de Toledos heir tovt the" publicly hanged the prefumprives oft the royal and ordered all the princes crown, Tucas. to be killed, not évenicx." family of the who from their mother's" cepting the Spaniards, front Hiahualipa. on Don" fide were. 2 defcended expected after fuch s an execution; Hof Francis, bel raifed o to r the greateit dignities her was tohis return B tQ Spains but the ftate on chicf-of the naill received by the grand voice to get very ordèred him with a harth tion, who faying, Ithaverr not: 3R apout of his: profence, of princes thee tox bei the executioner Thele pointed the onhappy. but to ferve ime and-affift dumb, and - caufed words ftruck the viceroy a few days illnefs thatoh heldied him fuch Di an; caufed 2 the death of after. 1 The fame king that had impofed upon one of his minifters the word: Hoolabe, him, merely: by faying language, fignifies, inui the Indian which The 4 Cacique wery Whats dof thou bje? the chief C But if grand gravely replied, as - thou men.- of. fire, appearedy < of the the. on: account at viceroy, 46 fayelt, fo angry he had com-. cruelties. 83 which sc of the will, why did he not put KE mitted againft his L , sc' him oolabe, him, merely: by faying language, fignifies, inui the Indian which The 4 Cacique wery Whats dof thou bje? the chief C But if grand gravely replied, as - thou men.- of. fire, appearedy < of the the. on: account at viceroy, 46 fayelt, fo angry he had com-. cruelties. 83 which sc of the will, why did he not put KE mitted againft his L , sc' him --- Page 257 --- L O U I S I A N ce him in the D J A. krane * - < his head, and Por why did he not cut off "ekample of fend it rbacko to. Pert Al This <ehaver fatisfied feveriry and joftice would'in <e had the people whom this part illitreated, by general - 6 a thiet, the heir.of hanging onagibbet, like Kç. pended a great empire, who only from thedé.t 46 preme Being. Thos Lord ef life, or'the Su- < Europeans call we red men, whom thel act favages and towards the wicked barbarians would - swho and the sof ought to betreated like the murderers, the forefl.. baui fierceft beafts The S nliw Tar s5 a t Lagain replied to this Indian e 103 lowing terms, 66; Thou muft chief in the fol "grand chiefs of the white know that the "reld. country, are men that live in the 6 that when. they drive defpotic and abfolute, and 66 generals or warriors, from their prelence their <, jeéts without caufe, who have abufed their fub6 fenfibly felt by thofe this affront isi much more 66 hated by the Great proud chiefs, who are $5, count of their Spirit, or by God, on acToias mifdeeds, than the punifhment Ri 366 of * A punithment which- the Indians havecommitied cruclties, and are taken adjudge to thofe that into.a kind of frame, at war: theyare laid acrofs them, and burnt compofed.of two poits, and a put alive. pole --- Page 258 --- T RAV ELS THROUGH hundred blows with the of the frame, or a a red D would be by 66 club upon the head, dorol Nat abo nou onod C man." 3 ab ojdos laft I fucceeded in foftening the haAt had conceived againft tred which thefe people hoftile intenand I imagine every the Spamiards, for was tion is fopprefled now; ; my explication opliva 17 fatisfaétory to my juggler. very I have already obferved to you, that i believe fenfible of injuries, and that' the Indians are very thofe that have outthey generally remember in I have ofraged them when they are liquor. the mediator in' order to terminatethe ten been two Indians ; I told them quarrels between live together as good brothat they ought to their courage thers, forget the paft,and employ only. I defence of their country in the common them that if they did not give further affured would be difear to my words, the Great Spirit their crops of with them, and make pleafed The Indian women ran quickly to imaize fail. two were ready to fight; mc, whenever. any between-them, and I always that I might judge the parties 5 which did all I could to reconcile who have nothing pleafed the women very much, which people about them, but the name avild à give employ only. I defence of their country in the common them that if they did not give further affured would be difear to my words, the Great Spirit their crops of with them, and make pleafed The Indian women ran quickly to imaize fail. two were ready to fight; mc, whenever. any between-them, and I always that I might judge the parties 5 which did all I could to reconcile who have nothing pleafed the women very much, which people about them, but the name avild à give --- Page 259 --- L.O U I S I N, A. give them, and whofe features'are very regular. In a word, in this new world, as well as in the old, that lovely fex is born to populate and not to deftroy. What I have ftill to fay of this nation is fo ample, that I am obliged to divide it; I fhall, therefore referve their mourning and their funeral cuftoms for another letter, TEn I am, SIR, 8cc. &c, Among the Allibamons the T 28th of April 1759. ly A1 -o - a - R 4 LET-, --- Page 260 --- Finovoi 243 T R AVELS ni brav lid iasd 1 2 gadr.now-e obis yit 01 bac FUA97 slort. a 109 TO0 ln romieme L E T T E HEAMCAIN R XVI. SeAlA 4 a) aids ansaod Aaltb sinit E 30 heslo biy gbdi TTV ein bids 40 the 131 fame. le: tsal sis wsb tord attina R tor DEL sir "avods no barst EYVAN 9bd fot yt oniynaru the: Dendamerzthe 231 cFdpEsing d'ErCaansiamixcame done 40.thes Cheualugr A3 Alliboamons : Jufice Indiaw : 04 neville, for as Soldiets killed W.AJaNnE Rosnel their Mdeansef catching.thes Mi gheif Religions goild Tarkies, ERda vnnitnrns ne bugk and the adi at ensema 00L00F sde a 30lrv0334 Eon dhe bi 50T agpts do S IR, ds RSV vdi aadw bA omn before yelterday I received XKHE day which informs me - T: te one of your Mletters, that 2e are in good health, and AR that you me marks of your remem: you çontinue to give letter, I fpoke brance of me. In my preceding of the Indians sl thall to. you of the marriage their mourning, When to deferibe 4 now proceed of the nation dics, this mourning 4 grand. chief nor combing themfelves 3 confifts in not walhing foots mixed daub their whole, body.with the: men up - T: te one of your Mletters, that 2e are in good health, and AR that you me marks of your remem: you çontinue to give letter, I fpoke brance of me. In my preceding of the Indians sl thall to. you of the marriage their mourning, When to deferibe 4 now proceed of the nation dics, this mourning 4 grand. chief nor combing themfelves 3 confifts in not walhing foots mixed daub their whole, body.with the: men up --- Page 261 --- LiOU ISIVA N A E249 up with bear's oil; and in a word, a nounce all forts of diverfions. they relofes her hufband, fhe is, When,a woman ing for a whole obligedto be in mournyear, and to lay afide all her ornaments. 7X All the Allibamons drink the * the leaf of a little Cafine ; this is the leaf is about the tree, which is very thady : tated fize of a farthing, but denon its margins. They toaft thefe as we do coffee, and drink the infufion leaves with grcat of them, tion is ceremony. When this direutic poit in calebafhes prepared, the young people go to prefent and formed into cups, to the chiefs warriors, that is the honourables, and af. terwards to - the other warriors, their rank and degree. The according to ferved when fame order is obthey prefent the Calumet to fmoke Lroue off. whilft you drink f they can, and diminifh they howl as loud as JER when you have ceafed the found gradually; 3 breath, and when drinking, they take their their howls you drink again, they fetup again. Thefe forts of times laft from fix in the orgies fomea morning to two o'clock 4 - in This is thé Prinos glaber of Linnaeus. and Cafeaa wera Florilencram. Sp. pl. p. 471. Catibyw-Caol 27 t. 57. --- Page 262 --- T RAVEI LS THROUGH The Indians; find no. inconin the afternoon. potion, to which they atveniencies from d this and return it without any tribute many virtuess opldeffort. other bal A - or : Ad never drink of this beverage, The, women made for the warriors. In fuch which is only the where they. are never admitted, affemblics, their news and deliberate on politiIndians tell or war., However cal affairs, concerning peace. fays that he faw. a wothe Chevalier d'Ernevilles go.in, man, who was the grand chicf's.vife warrior, and had a becaufe fhe, was a female fomemind. Her, opinion quick, penetrating of treaties-1 in the conclufion times prevailed u French very : mehs love the The, Alibamens on both fides, that if a there is an agreement of the Indians, he muft die, Frenchman kills one asthe the fame if an Indian, kills a Frenchman and whilft the Chevalier, d'Erlafl accident happened a commanded the fort at the Allibamonss neville foldier of the garrifon, and young, Indian fhot a As theofficer did not dilappeared limmediately. he applied to. the know where the criminal was, they muft do him chiefs of the nation, faying, that the young man juftice. They anfwered, another nations the Chehad taken refuge with valier fame if an Indian, kills a Frenchman and whilft the Chevalier, d'Erlafl accident happened a commanded the fort at the Allibamonss neville foldier of the garrifon, and young, Indian fhot a As theofficer did not dilappeared limmediately. he applied to. the know where the criminal was, they muft do him chiefs of the nation, faying, that the young man juftice. They anfwered, another nations the Chehad taken refuge with valier --- Page 263 --- L-OWUI4S - A/ N A. walier d'Erwoille did not pur up with this he told them chat the dead man called excufe ; geance, and that blood for venblood, ought to be avenged as is their expreffion ; that the by had a mother, and that fhe murdérer ftead. They ought to fuffer in his the anfwered, thiat fhe had' not killed man; ; but the officer - like the red man, who when replied, that he fpoke perfon of their fomebody killed a 2 done them nation, and they had norjuftice for it, were revenged fome perfon of. the nation of the upon laftly reprefented it' murderer. He the to them, that' in order keep good - underftanding between to and the red men, they the white punifhmentof the ought not to oppofe the criminal. They offered him a-great quantity off furs, and even horfes with boory. This officer who is loaded zeal in Preferring the known for his and the honour of the king's intereft to his own, fufed all théfe nation to his fortune, reprefents. He added, that not been able to Rleep fince the he had swarrior, who calléd death of his tny blood. The every night to' him, avenge poor Indians, not move him; held a council feeing they could men, conduéted and fent out eight riors. He by a young chief of thel warwent immediately with his the morderer's mother, and told her men to her fon was not to be found, the muf that fince die'in his ftead. --- Page 264 --- TRAVELS THROUGH woman fuffered herfelf to be ftéad: Tlie poor her relations led away, andi wasia alli in tears; ofis followed her with very: fad countenancess 5 one them feeing therci was a no pardon to be hoped the chief of the troop, 6 My mn0for; faid to has-mot u-pher-in-law dies through courages -as, fhe thels blont He propofed they. fhould upruck to fetch the murderer; he - wait whilft he went where" Him into the affembly, actailly brought 2 and faid, was, Seecs the Chevalier #Erneville with there isi the guilty man, do whatiyou pleale The officer anfwered, that they ought ta-3 him: killed nol T do him jufice; and they immediately alsie aru ad am to himt Paud aALPpARE3 W Sal belaval Besilgn e alyos TAE samorline so sglataund aal molgitar 1o 3y efgtinig Juftice woirmaffitea ENR . 1 the Indians execute julice; there is"no need ofib "Thus all thefe forms are unknown ; the lawi is, a drewing up cafes ; killed mut be killed lagain; unlefs it be chat he who has in a ft of madnefs, or in by accident, asin a drunkenneis, IP a their exercifes. o1 ent T. T1 41 2 arad The relation of this fory, is by no. means.f@avourable. a + They acted: upon au barbarous and cruel to the French. ice; there is"no need ofib "Thus all thefe forms are unknown ; the lawi is, a drewing up cafes ; killed mut be killed lagain; unlefs it be chat he who has in a ft of madnefs, or in by accident, asin a drunkenneis, IP a their exercifes. o1 ent T. T1 41 2 arad The relation of this fory, is by no. means.f@avourable. a + They acted: upon au barbarous and cruel to the French. the mother of the guilty man principle, by bringing which fhe did not deferve ; and had not her to a punifhmnent filial duty to felf-prefervation, fon on: this occafion preferred would have committed an inhuman the Frénch Chevalier perfon, The In- a attiong byinfliding death. on an innocent dians Lnz Satrol O ic ageby Is dil bai IS --- Page 265 --- coj0Hr - d C La U IS A N A. Juftice the being thus done, the chief young people, and harangued ftrongly to recommended it 3 them, to keep their hands very from the 9oort ido ors 0 Ereuch, diansie adt' upon principle, by countrymen upon any, other, avenging the death ofithieir the murderer belongs, for, perfon of the nation to which, and ignorance, on account oft their confined take they think the fame confitution ideas, e place among the and manners felves; ;and as they look Europeans, as are ufual among thembrethren, and a fingle upon their whole nation as' a body lof: nion that, all the family, thej-are, therefore, Tof of one of their brethren. Europeans muft be lanfiverable for: the opicivilized, inftruéted But as the Europeans boaft death to D and Chrifians, be. cording to the principles of their they ought to aet acand intrucion they religion, the knowledge all thefe oblige them enjoy, and their own the to fhew the Indians,- by their conftitution ; fiuperiotity of their religion, example, make them fenfible, that ifthey knowledge and conftitution 5 commit an acted like Indians. fuch, open injultice; ; and; to. enforce they, would : actions in. fimilar cafes, The the return, of ftilling principles of Europeans inftead of inIndians, very frequently humanity into the minds of the, ble-and barbarous fcandalize them by their uncharita- poor our manners, manners; and thus the high our boafted civilization; réfinements of upon the fuperiority of our! pride, foinded >* advantage of being ourknowledge, and that real reaion and inftructed in a religion founded grear 1 charity, inftead of upon 2* to that pitch' of excellence bringing our immortal minds: to the true intention "of thefe they are capable of, according NO deep corruption, and the wilful advantagess prove only out : I may fay, the of depravity of our hearts, and barbarity our manners. fted civilization; réfinements of upon the fuperiority of our! pride, foinded >* advantage of being ourknowledge, and that real reaion and inftructed in a religion founded grear 1 charity, inftead of upon 2* to that pitch' of excellence bringing our immortal minds: to the true intention "of thefe they are capable of, according NO deep corruption, and the wilful advantagess prove only out : I may fay, the of depravity of our hearts, and barbarity our manners. F, --- Page 266 --- TRAVELS THROUGH hould and.added, that as often as they Frenchs and kill our. people, they would lolitheis-fenfes do us the fame jultice again.e G an - otafoo 00 J A payol a the Erneville held a fpeech to The ChevalierE and made the nation a pre:. affembly in his turn, The Infent which the governor had fent.him. to him the great calumet of peace dians gave foldiers. and French: inhabitants finoke, all the likewile fmoked it, in fign of a generalamnelly; drank the Cafine, which is theafterwards they ehite aord, i eit tlie potion ofob. potion of the ou01 livion and peace. 002 - el an3 Since that time this wation has never offended Allibamons ofiered, in 1714 to build us. The a fort, their ground, and at theit expence, upon afterwards called Fort Torloufe, and which was the Frenchs into it. M. de Bienthey introduced went to take pofroilles who was then governor, feffion of it in the King's name , to aun They : is in fuch great efteem with tliem, that This governor His name'is they always mention him in their harangues. Indians, that his a in the hearts of thefe good fo deeply graved be dear to them. As foon as they faw memory will always Ianfwered, that he was at the me they inquired after him; in good health, with which they great village, or Parii, were highly pleafed. --- Page 267 --- LOU I S: I A N A. likes They never would permit the Englife to do the they payi no. regard toi the menaces of King of England; the village thinks himfelf every Cacique or chief of a pends a fovereign, who only deupcn the Maperef. lifes or the rit. Great SpiThe Allibamons have called their white cOqMtry, or land of country the their mats, thatis, peace; and repofe on they attack 10 a kind of allegory by which bodys whichis the nations on carth, they, feem to tell-all, that the is buried, and that they murdering hatchet them in fafety. may come to trade with The following is an harangue which mP one of the chiefs of this nation I heard < men and hold: F Young cc warriors, doi not difregard. the Ma-, Bor of lifes the fky is cc out fpots, the blue, the fun is withCc weather is fair, the white, every thing is ground,is cc earth, and the quiet on the face of the 6c fpilt. on it. blood of men ought not to be We-muft 66 to preferve it beg the fpirit and of-peace. cs tions. that furround pure fpotlefs among cheinaCc us, We ought to fpend our time in only cc bears, wolves, making war with tygers, c to have cheir ftags, and roe-bucks, in Order fkins, with whichwe may trade < with every thing is ground,is cc earth, and the quiet on the face of the 6c fpilt. on it. blood of men ought not to be We-muft 66 to preferve it beg the fpirit and of-peace. cs tions. that furround pure fpotlefs among cheinaCc us, We ought to fpend our time in only cc bears, wolves, making war with tygers, c to have cheir ftags, and roe-bucks, in Order fkins, with whichwe may trade < with --- Page 268 --- T RAVE L S THROUCH who will bring us what <6 with the Europeans, and in order to maintain our women. 6 we want, s children." Americans, in general have no knowledge The The art of writing is unknown to of letters. to fee that one can them: They are furprifed diftance by a converfe with ânother at a great letters and they. look upon the miffive with papers admiration. When they are trufted with them very exaétly to the pèrs Jetters, they bring and though it fhould fons they are direéted to; fo hard, and they had a great many rain ever thofe letters are. never wetted: rivers to pais, with the French, Engiifh, and The Allibamons trade love the latter much; but they do not Spaniards, them fooner than upon they make war upon of their cruelties other nations on account any Mexicanss their memory is admiratowards the remember the wrong which is ble, they always done to them. whom I fpeak of here acknowledge a Thofe whom they call Soulbieche. I Supreme Being, thought of the other afked them what they that if they have world; and they. anfwered, if have another man's wife, or they not taken one during their lifc, not robbed nor killed any they --- Page 269 --- L. O UIS I. A U A: they fhall go after their death into - country, where a very, ferrile : they fhall want nor proper places for neither, wives thing will be hunting, and that. cafy CO them there; but that every contrary, if they have behaved on the ithly, and themfelves fool- :.. dilfregarded the gréat côme into a barren land full Spirit, of they will briars, where there will bel thorns and wives. This is all I have no hunting, and no concerning the beliefof been able to Icarn" thele life. people of another The Alitamons bury their dead in fture; in order to juftiry this a fitting pothat man is upright, and has cuftom they lay, wards heaven, which 1s 30 to hishead-tumed be his toThey give to them a calumet, and habitacion. to fmoke, that they fome tobacco" inhabitants of the other may make peace with the ofa warrior, he is buried world. Ift the corpfe be are a mufket, fome wich his arms, which ver full of powder and bullets, a arrows, a bow, and an quiand belides thefe a mirror * and hatcheror club; with which thèy . fome vermilion other world. may drefs themfelves in the Vot. I: 3as S When # The a mirror youngindians on are never without a little hung their wrift, : Pw hatchet or a warrior, he is buried world. Ift the corpfe be are a mufket, fome wich his arms, which ver full of powder and bullets, a arrows, a bow, and an quiand belides thefe a mirror * and hatcheror club; with which thèy . fome vermilion other world. may drefs themfelves in the Vot. I: 3as S When # The a mirror youngindians on are never without a little hung their wrift, : Pw hatchet or --- Page 270 --- THROUGH 258 TRAVELS man kills himfelf, either in defpair When a is of burial, and orin' a ficknels, he deprived looked thrown: into the river, becaufe he is upon as a coward: J5 faid, that the Indians muft fupIhave already Their misfortunes with heroic conftancy. port them to make fongs of death enthiufialim prompts and deftined to when they are taken prifoners, Indian : -ber burnt; on fuch an occafion an fuffer fays death nor fire, make me < I fear neither nation will revenge 6 everfo much, becaufe my either This occafions his enemies 66 my death." fometimes adopt him, to accelérate his fate, or fayingheis a man of courage. there is a difturber of public peace ta When the old men fpeak to him thus: amongit them, to away 5 but remems Thou art at liberty go the nation fhall < ber,.that if thou art killed, for thee, nor c difown thee; we fhall not weep life is death." So irregular a pu- < avenge thy contempt among thefe 'nifhed with the greateft people, as among all others * . The 2 TN a fometimes ramble into the neigh- * The young Indians off the womeni thefe kinds of bouring villages, and çarry rapes, --- Page 271 --- Lronti ISHIA NTA. ve5g The Indians generally fet outi a wards the énd of October.r The hunting tofixty, cighty, and fometimes Allibamons go an hundredi from their villages, and they take their whole leagues families with them into their not return till March, which is piraguas: the they do ing their corn-grounds. time of fowfurs, and a They bring back many great quantity of dried fleth. When they are returned into their villages, they their friends, and make regale who have prefents to the old men, not been able to - have kept in the huts go'with them, and during the time of the great hunt. sut Lnoll sota emiauot Thefe nations have fingular methods of catching the roe-deer; an Indian takes the head ofa roe-buck, and dries it; he then carries it with him into the woods, where he with the fkin, of this covers his back into' the neck of animal, he puts his hand the dried head, taking care to put little hoops underthe fkin to kéep it firm on the hand; he then kneels down, and in that , and during the time of the great hunt. sut Lnoll sota emiauot Thefe nations have fingular methods of catching the roe-deer; an Indian takes the head ofa roe-buck, and dries it; he then carries it with him into the woods, where he with the fkin, of this covers his back into' the neck of animal, he puts his hand the dried head, taking care to put little hoops underthe fkin to kéep it firm on the hand; he then kneels down, and in that atSi 2 NOFUT : titude, grsdio 1E rapes occafion the wars among the different fight not for land, having more of that than tribes; for they vate. It is a capital crime among the Indians they can cultis another man'swife; ifitis the Cacique's to carry of nation is obliged to avenge the affront ofered wife, the whole to their chief. --- Page 272 --- THROUGH 260 TRAVELS mimicking the voice of.thefe creatures, titude, the roe-deer are deceived by he fhews the head; ; who are it, and come very near the hunters, iure to kill them. Indians who, by means of this ftraThere âre four hundred roe-deer in tagem, have deftroyed nigh hunting. They employ, one winter's the wild in the trick to PORATtE the fame get : the fkcins s"of thefe Woods: fome of them put the heads' a bit birds on their fhoulders, and on of other red cloth, which is agitated of fearlet and whilft the birds look at them, by the wind, them with arrows; they do their comrades kill them, not ufe fire-arms, for fear of frightening and whilft thére are any turkies on a trec, they continue to fhoot them with great dexteritys commonly foolifh enough to exthefe birds are their fellows who fell down 5 peêt the return of treated me with thefe the Indians have often excellent during aubirds, and Ifound them tumn: are likewife very dextrous fifherThe Indians hooks nornetsythey men 5 they neither employ common. along the take reeds, which, are very the fire, or in the fides of rivers, dry them near and-faftfun-fhine, fharpen one end like a dart, spol en --- Page 273 --- L O U I S I A N A. en a Cord made of the bark of otler" ends when a tree, to the" their they, are upon the lakes in canoes, they throw this dart or into' the water at the fifh, and draw it harpoon" by means of the cord; others fhoot up again a bowa and arrows, and when the filh with a fih, it comes to the furface they have wounded of the water. Before I have done with the fhould not forget to tell Allibamons; I their harveft you, that in July, when That folemn begins, they have. a great feaft. day they pafs without light a new fire for cating; they gling, after which phyfic, as they callit, orjugs to their Manitou they take a purge, and offer they finith the the firftlings of their fruit: day in religious dances. This nation has likewife I fhall relate to jugglers or quacks; you a very droll adventure happened to me with one of them. which going up the river of As I was juggler came to fee Allibamons, a quack and me with men. and women. He afked feveral Indians, Iigave him a bottle fuil for fome brandy, with his of'it, which he drank mpre, but companions. Itold He afked me for fome him I had no not believe mey and more; he would get any-thing, he feeing that he' could not. thought he would intimidate S3 mc, . which going up the river of As I was juggler came to fee Allibamons, a quack and me with men. and women. He afked feveral Indians, Iigave him a bottle fuil for fome brandy, with his of'it, which he drank mpre, but companions. Itold He afked me for fome him I had no not believe mey and more; he would get any-thing, he feeing that he' could not. thought he would intimidate S3 mc, --- Page 274 --- a I S 262 T R AVELS Amotnl THROUGH and would me, by telling me he was a magician, if him no tragife piafie" againft me,. I gave boat, fo brandy.a, intr he would enchant myi I told him, I feared that it could, not procced. myfelf. This him not; that I was a phylician, adverfary. 31 I ou avord, aftonilhed my - eri. told me to fhew him. - This) pretended magician Lanfwered, that he oughE the cfects of my, arts that I fhould do'it ber, to. begin, but hc replied debatess, I ing a franger; at latt, after. many and looked began to make ridiculous gellures underitood no: into,a book which the juggler and leave me alone, thingofs I bid him retire, by which it being the cuftom of the jugglers, from the means they. conceal their, impoltures - Indians, I had the fkin of a tyger-cat, other and bones of which had been cxtracted the flefh, incifion in the neck : 1gaye this - through an telling him to reftore fkin to the Indian quack, about. He its fight, and, makc the creature go I lee, faid I, anfwered, that he could not. do it; mere, novice in, this art, I Thall Per thou art a form it, 4 FD ghiestoul I muft which the Indians make ue of, deThis is 2n cxpreffion of their. light-of-hand tricks, and reting the intended applicatich for to make their countrymen believe thas grimaces thcy are magicians or conjurgr's, --- Page 275 --- L O U I S I A N Imuft A. 263 voyage, Ibrought previouflyinform with you, that, in my laft me eyes, which perfeétly Bomfnnccemmeled a thing which the Indians imitated the natural eyes; I faftened them with here had never feen; the refin of place of thole which firs, in the into which I afterwards were wanting in the fkin, ving fquirrel, with its put and confined a lithe tyger-cat; head towards the neck of a foldier whom I had was quite ready with a club; inftruéted thus prepared, I every thing being and the Indians opened the door of the cabin, quack doctor advanced, with the or at their head. I held juggler the my arms, and the iquitrel cat in which immediately jumped about in it, gician; he cried out furprifed that my pretended maor forcerer, bécaufe I was a true Phyfician red to fight, and I had brought to life, reftothe other Indians made dead Cats walk. When had well confidered it arms, Ilet it go on the in my iquirrel with a pin, which made ground, pricking the cat's fkin towards the it run with the it' would devour them Ipeétators, who thoughe and the ; they went backwards, from women, through a natural fear, ran I-then my boat, declaring that I was a ran to. my tyger-cat, forcerer: ry angry. with it, I feeming to be veand the quickly took out the fquirrel glais-cyces, then preflfing the teeth in the S L cat's rel with a pin, which made ground, pricking the cat's fkin towards the it run with the it' would devour them Ipeétators, who thoughe and the ; they went backwards, from women, through a natural fear, ran I-then my boat, declaring that I was a ran to. my tyger-cat, forcerer: ry angry. with it, I feeming to be veand the quickly took out the fquirrel glais-cyces, then preflfing the teeth in the S L cat's --- Page 276 --- 264 TRAVELS S THROUGH E çat's head againft my ftomach, I cried out as if the, creature had bit me, Aingingit on thes ground immediately; the foldier whom I had armed with a club, ftrikes at the revived tyger-cat, in order to kill it for having revolted againft its malter, and for having been willing to attack red men, who were our friends and allies. After this comic fcene, I gave the fkin. to the n Indian juggler, and defired him to make it revive as I had done. He owned, that my art was above the reach ofhis: I then bid him enchant my boat to prevent its going on 5 but he another anfwered, that one phyfician againft could do nothing; that I was his mafter in the and he an ignorant fellow * All the faart, vages * The Indians repofe a great confidence in their doftors; thejuggler's hut is covered with furs, with which he covers and: drcfles himfelf. He gocs in quite naked, and begins with pronouncing fome words which no body underftands; to invoke the Spirit; after that, he' they are, as he fays, quite frantic, and rifes, crics, agitates himfelf, appears gets into" a profound fweat t. The hut fhakes, and the pe@ators believe it is done through the prelence of the Spirit; the. language which hc fpeaks On this occafion, has nothing in common with the orIndian languages it is nothing but. the ravings of a He gocs in quite naked, and begins with pronouncing fome words which no body underftands; to invoke the Spirit; after that, he' they are, as he fays, quite frantic, and rifes, crics, agitates himfelf, appears gets into" a profound fweat t. The hut fhakes, and the pe@ators believe it is done through the prelence of the Spirit; the. language which hc fpeaks On this occafion, has nothing in common with the orIndian languages it is nothing but. the ravings of a diary hot- - --- Page 277 --- LOUIs I A N A. yages who were out upon the winter hunt the river, along brought me provifions of and turkies, that I roe-deer off - might begin again to my trick : but for fear of being play and to preferve difcovered, my reputation, I faid I could not hot imagination, which thefe their quacks have countrymen as a divine impofed upon ning people have always deceived language ; thus the moft cunà the reft. + The heathen nations in the Rufian fuch jugglers or empire have exadly vérnment of Cazan conjurors 2s are here deferibed. In the the are the cheremifs, the goWotiaks, three Tehuaualher, and jurors nations; the firft ofwhich call their conMuftan, the fecond Yommas or Yona or Tumo; Tymmas, and the third they are. cf both fexes, and make the grimaces as thefe American fame g4, the Yakuti, and the jugglers. In Siberia the Tunmens, and they perform the Byrati, call their conjurors Shaantic fame tricks, and gellures at their prétended make many is On thefe occafions likewife conjurations. Their drefs ormamented with the very remarkabic, fometimes prey, fometimes fangs'and talons of beafts and birds of hung with fach a terrible ral pieces of iron, as will both make quantity of. feveand caufe a great ratling noife the robe very heavy, conjuror's body. The at the leaft motion of the common is this kind more we go eaft in Siberia, the' the likenefs of conjurors, and the more more is" between the" favage friking and the favage Nomadic nations idltabiantsof.Marik, of Anerica, sfar Some more hints ofthis the north-caft parts of a note to Kain's Travcl fimilarity are pointed out in P. 126. F, into North America, vol. III, very heavy, conjuror's body. The at the leaft motion of the common is this kind more we go eaft in Siberia, the' the likenefs of conjurors, and the more more is" between the" favage friking and the favage Nomadic nations idltabiantsof.Marik, of Anerica, sfar Some more hints ofthis the north-caft parts of a note to Kain's Travcl fimilarity are pointed out in P. 126. F, into North America, vol. III, --- Page 278 --- TTHROBCHI 266, TRAYELS left fome one of them not do it. over: again, the revived creature,, and fhould be devoured by I fhewed them the the better, to convince, them, ftomach. marks of the animal's teeth on my, very much of what I had They then approved myfelf, fo faid, and thanked me for interefting much for them, as. to expole myfelf generoully, from the furious revived tyger-cat toi prevent and children, they added,, killing their women reduce it to its lifelefs. that I had done well to to others, ftate, in order to make it an example, becaufe it was an evil fpirits thefe poor people regard the French as fupernatural men. 1o u aW dangerous to be a doctor a for nt It is fometimes the Indians, they attriif fome one dies among and not. to the inbute his death to the phyfic, therefore I curable difpofition, of the patient; A advife any body, to abufe the cre-. would never Ilikewife told them,, that dulity of thefe people. had the office fnce I had been bitten I abjurated other and that I knew no phyGof a magician, whofe aid they, ought cian than the Mafer ofhie much the father of' that he was as to implores who.are their the red meniasof the whice mens clder brothers: 0 bnt umoita Are * un e The inaraignkewel le romtiaan asibat TageDn -e --- Page 279 --- LO UI S L The A. 269: however, pretended refurrection of my gave me great reputation tyger-car, quacks or jugglers of this among the" among thole of Spanifh country, and even curiofity led them to Florida, whofe natural ed the Alibamons pay me a vifit; they joindostors, and perform the fame picce of begged me to had done on my legerdemain which I forry that I could voyage : I told them, I was: caufe I had ftruck not the fatisfy their curiofity, be-l poft : might not fend them however, that I them, that their away difcontented, I told me, that the Grand prefence was very: agrecable to: father of the Indians Chiefof the French and the nation, and with them was contented with their doctors in particular; that the both in having the more knowledge than the art of curing the others," zeal towards fick, and in their infpiring their delity and friendlhip for the countrymen with f that confideration I come French, it was on them a prefent, which on purpole to bring' father, and that M. was the word of their! Aubert had ordérs goyernor to divide it from the 1 among them. At If further told them, that TAAL contented with their doctors in particular; that the both in having the more knowledge than the art of curing the others," zeal towards fick, and in their infpiring their delity and friendlhip for the countrymen with f that confideration I come French, it was on them a prefent, which on purpole to bring' father, and that M. was the word of their! Aubert had ordérs goyernor to divide it from the 1 among them. At If further told them, that TAAL acquainted with them, as I-was giad to: getr and to converfe with * The Indian them, with a ciub, manner of frearingisso Arikeagaint a polt --- Page 280 --- 268 T RAVELS THROUGH them, Iv wilhed they, would tell me their proper. names. a As thefe people are neither baptifed they commenly take thename nor cireumcifed, fox, &c. of fome animal, fuch as bear, wolf, The gravity which Laffected, in ordern to command, aA the refpcct of thefe Indian doctors, made them ak mes whether I wrote their namés in order A to give an account of them to their father, by means of the fpeaking paper? to which I anfvered, that it was for that very purpofe. When I had written down; their names, I fometimes made ufe of them in order to pafs for a fortune-teller. U90 I fhur myfelf up in the hut of one of. the docand a foldier, to. whom I had told the number tors, of letters which compofed each name, his hand on the Mhoulder of the juggler, put and with a little rod ftruck himas many times as there were letters in his' name; ; I being within cafily gueffed what man my foldier. laid his hands and fo on with all the reft. They, could upon, how I could guefs fo well withnot comprehend out feeing them, and they owned that it went beyond their imagination. sItl 0 7 po1r The --- Page 281 --- LOUI S I N A. 26g The Sieur Godeatt, chief of the furgeon and. magazine arthe fort of : keeper ready before me N Aimbamoes, had al. of the practiled phylic in the prefence phial full Indians, of who were looking at a. little mercury 3 after 41 t attention, they told him - they looking wifhed WE at it with E He faid he would to have it. wanted the phial, he give it them, but that he :: poured cut the imnediately on the quickhlver F ups they. could - ground, and bid them take never do it, for it. away on all fides; the aftonifhed rolled it a fpirit. which divided itfelf favages called which being colledted into feveral parts, together formed sm body; but their only one when 24 the Sieur aftonithment was much gréater with Godeau took up all the E a card, and put in the phial again, mercury in prefence, which none of them had been 13 their N do. This furgeon did able to fortis upon it, which diffolved more, he poured aguedifappear it, and made. it entirely 5 fince that time have revered him as a the Indians great doctor. dodr M. de Montberaut has put the : fort of the Allibamons into the command ofthe bert, who is hands of M. Auadjutant of the fort the liberty to write to the Mobile. Itake reprefent it to him with all governor, in orderto the fenior officer of that refpect, that being gentleman, Icould not fand aguedifappear it, and made. it entirely 5 fince that time have revered him as a the Indians great doctor. dodr M. de Montberaut has put the : fort of the Allibamons into the command ofthe bert, who is hands of M. Auadjutant of the fort the liberty to write to the Mobile. Itake reprefent it to him with all governor, in orderto the fenior officer of that refpect, that being gentleman, Icould not fand --- Page 282 --- a T RAVELS THROUGH ftand here under his orders; that he might not 21 Be further obliged to do any. fervices foreign to * order concerning that his function 2 the King's inftiparticular being very explicit; that as our tution is founded upon honour, I fhould think from that which I had acquiI would derogate the red in the King's fervice, ifIdid not make oblervations of a foldier, whole Zeal for the fervice he knows; that it was very natural for me Ar that by this confideration he would to think, himfelf obliged to let.me enjoy the emoluthink otherwife I fhould ments annexed to my place, that I beg him to recall me to New Orleans, feize the frft opportunity of fetting out might whereT thould have the pleafure of for Europe, S I R, 8cc. mo alftuiring you that I' am, ot P ricy thie 22 At the Allibamonis, efMay 1759ibnl erl diter Lomiliglaab Lonasgge I TH JyLu suomP.S. beil s11 umid cwoil do. M. Aubert julices the has had *- Imuf, however, of the fort at the Allibamons to my.prejudice, the command the he has had for me, in offering but I muft praife regard and to live upon the footing of a to divide the authority, fiend with me. --- Page 283 --- L-OU:I.S I A N P:S. I have forgot which, the to.mention to you a vilic emperor of the Kascyias has fome time after M., de Montberaut's paid ps As we had advice of it by a courier, departure. I meet his Indian went to majefly in order to receive : at fome diftance from the fort, him fome foldiers, who fired their Ihad pofted of fignal to the mufkets by way gunners to fire the cannon at themomnent, when the prince fhould pur his ing mine * : he was mounted hand with. an Englih on a Spanifh horfe, faddle, and with a houling of,a tyger's Ain-. - om uu This emperor marched a his. attendants gravely at the head of 5 Icould hardly keep from ing, on fecing tall well made laugh: painted with all kinds of naked men, other in a file, colours, follow each many Capuchin according to their rank, like fo friars, The Indian prince appeared the honours that enraptured with were fhewn him; he had never The Indians are without' compliments and they laugh at our bows, or method of carsmonies, body bent, and the foo: adyanced falnting with the backwards. a w0l Sut upf S forwards" or retreired uroga tirn 1 IEY + American leopard. U8 n ahivib DE - many Capuchin according to their rank, like fo friars, The Indian prince appeared the honours that enraptured with were fhewn him; he had never The Indians are without' compliments and they laugh at our bows, or method of carsmonies, body bent, and the foo: adyanced falnting with the backwards. a w0l Sut upf S forwards" or retreired uroga tirn 1 IEY + American leopard. U8 n ahivib DE - --- Page 284 --- 272 TRAVEES THROUGH 1S - never feen cannons, and called them great mufkets. He wore on his head a creft ofblack plumes; with Englifh cuffs on it, his coat was fcarlet, he had neither waift: and befet with tinfel laces made of a coat nor, breeches, but only an 31 apron bebit of fcarlet cloth, which was taken up to his girdle. Un tween the thighs andfaftened white linen fhirt; his feet der his coat he had.a of tanned were covered with a kind of. bu(kins, he roc-déer fkins, which were died yellow. ;t As 4 man, of cighteen or ninetcen years was a young, anoble and wile old, his, nation had appointed in his foold man as a regent, he held a fpeech of vercign's name, and he prefented the calumet M. Auberts, who told him after the frit peace, to wereover, that he fhould.go to reft, compliments the cuftom among the Indjans, not to it being affairs till the next day, in orfpeak of political der to have time to make reflections. - C : : the king's interpreter, The Sieur Lanbéne, who liketranflated the difcourfe of the regent, did wife aéted as the emperor's chancclior, ; he which not fail to call to mind the great fervices that his late father had done to the French, and the --- Page 285 --- LOUI S I A N A. the fon had always been them, in order willing to come to fee to renew the had never ceafed to exift between friendfhip, his which ours, and to fmoke the fame nation and them. calumet with Itis true, his predeceffor bly attached to M. de always was inviolagranted that Bierville, and the latter Cacique the title of that account. emperor on The governor likewife defired to all the tribes of Allibamens to bring as their grand chief; but acknowledge the émperor that ir they refufed it was quite fufficient that faying, fubjedted to a chief: in every village was change a-word, they would noching in their form of ment. governThe emperor, his regent, his chief of or general, his doctor Or war fervant juggler, and his hired appeared at ten o'clock in the before our commander, where morning dreffed in our uniforms in order We all were kind of court for him. As to compofe a imperial habit to the emperor, his was no better this that of his day than VoL. L attendants, for they all were T drefled would noching in their form of ment. governThe emperor, his regent, his chief of or general, his doctor Or war fervant juggler, and his hired appeared at ten o'clock in the before our commander, where morning dreffed in our uniforms in order We all were kind of court for him. As to compofe a imperial habit to the emperor, his was no better this that of his day than VoL. L attendants, for they all were T drefled --- Page 286 --- TRAVELS "THROUCH dreffed as, Adam. was in the terreftrial paradife *, ue AP 1t X fon 2a Sout TEA à a This young. prince, had a noble thape, and a handfome appearance, he was fprightly, and during his ftay here he has been graccfuls As he was of treated at the king's expence. fize, the governor of the fort begged mer to my him. a blue coat; and a gold laced waiftgive hat with and a fhirt with laced coat, a plumes, ruffles. dond à M. Aubert likewife made fome trifing prefents this American prince, and to the officers of to and fent them his court, at the.king's expence, home very: well fatisfied. à 1 - is fituated between Caralina and Their country eaflward of Mabiles thefe people Eaf Florida, who have.never béen conquered by the Spaniardss become their declared enemies. The empe: are dined.at M, Aubert's table, with his ror always The others had nôt the fame honour regent: done Sg 3a on when he arrived at * The coat which the emperor had him by a captain in the the Allibamons, had been given of Great-Britain's army. He laid'it by on this public king through political views, and in order to get one from days the. French. --- Page 287 --- L O U I S A N A. done them, in order to infpire them with greater regard for the French officers, I muft a tell you, that the fon of that. noble whom the French had honoured' with Kacuytas pous title of the pomthe firft time emperor, he was very much at a lois dined with us 5 for he had ver made ufe of a fork before; nelooked at Us therefore he very attentively, in order to tate our way. of cating. His regent had inifame patience, he took the breaft and not thel of a turkey and broke it with his back bone ing, that. the Mafter fingers, fayfore the ef life had made them beknives and forks were made. Towards the end of the little farce with the hired repaft we had a fervant of the ror, wbo ftood behind his Indian Empe: majefty during dinner; this fellow obferving that we eat. muftard- with our boiled meat, afked M. de Boudin what it was that we feemed to relifh much; as this officer fpeaks the fo nation, language ofthe having lived forty years he anfivered, that the French among them, covetous of what were by no means they poffeffed ; the Indian immediately took a fpoonful of muftard, which being very ftrong, forced him to make ridiculous contortions, which made his mnafter many burft out laughing; his fervant was far from T 2 laughing oudin what it was that we feemed to relifh much; as this officer fpeaks the fo nation, language ofthe having lived forty years he anfivered, that the French among them, covetous of what were by no means they poffeffed ; the Indian immediately took a fpoonful of muftard, which being very ftrong, forced him to make ridiculous contortions, which made his mnafter many burft out laughing; his fervant was far from T 2 laughing --- Page 288 --- TRAVELS THROUGH for hé thought he was poifoned ; M. laughing ordered ; a bottle of brandy to be brought Aubert afuring him and bid him take a good draught, that he would be cured immediately. uar towards The Kaxcytas are very referved in matters of religion : they never ftrangers till they have reflected fufficifpeak in public ently, on what they are going to: fay. Thefe people annually hold, a general affembly village of their nation : there is in the principal in which every one a great hut for that purpofe, and has a right takes place according.to his rank, his abito fpeak in his turn *, according to age, his wifdom, and the fervices he has done lities, ME country. gofa The. grand chief of the tribe opens the feflion which concerns the hiftory. or tra-: by a fpeech, 3 he tells the military ex-i dition of their country; difinguithed. ploits of his, anceftors, who.have exhortthemfelves in defence, of their. country, his fubjeéts to imitate their virtues, in fuping the wants and miferies of human life porting with The Indians difapprove ofthe European habit of fpeaking all together in an afembly. --- Page 289 --- L O U I S, I A N A. with. patience, and above all, without ing againft the Great Spirit, wwho is the complainthe life of every being here on Lord of during adverity with earthis and in encrificing courage, and laftly in fas: and of every thing to the love of their liberty 5 it being a thoufand times country glorious to die as a man, than to live more flave, as a vile 9l6 The chief. having ceafed among the nobles rifes, fpeaking, the oldeft and falutes his harangues with his fovercign, dles he is' all over in body naked to his girthe heat which his a fwcat, on account of action and him into; his declamation throws" taphors geftures are natural, and his me-: explain' his mind: : he dience into a belief of all that perfinades his aucloquence, and the he fays, by his excellence of his Nothing is more edifying than thefc difcourfe. you hear no aflemblies; pratling, no timed applaufe and indecency, no illthere, The no immoderate laughter attentive young men are very referved to hear the words of the old and ing perfuaded that it is for their men, begood. T 3 L E T. he dience into a belief of all that perfinades his aucloquence, and the he fays, by his excellence of his Nothing is more edifying than thefc difcourfe. you hear no aflemblies; pratling, no timed applaufe and indecency, no illthere, The no immoderate laughter attentive young men are very referved to hear the words of the old and ing perfuaded that it is for their men, begood. T 3 L E T. --- Page 290 --- 278 1 T R A V ELS THROUGH E T T R XVII. To the fanve. t Uy a aras - The Author leaves the Allibamons. His Navigation in the River of Tombekbé. How he ef the voracioufmefs of an Alligator. He meets capes revolted Chactaws, and. brings with a Party of He returns to them to their Duly again. 21111 rubdi 30 Mobile. vii wsile TaVT WN 113 R, ANSTEAD ofa an anfwer tot theletter which I had wrote to the governor, I an. order at the Allibamons to : received and ferve there under, the orders LE0 to, Mobile, lieutenant in; that of M, de Velle, the king's thus in ftead of going to France as Ihad places I have got orders to çommand a contold yous and ammunition to the. fort voy of provifions 9em- --- Page 291 --- Lioiu I - S A N A. Tombekbi, whichis fituated name, this ftation on a river ofthe fame nation of is about ten legues from the Chagaus, I have followed tions with the greateft my inftructire fatisfaétion exaétnefs, and to the enand certificate of my fuperiors ; the letters of it. which I can fhew up, are proofs I left Mobile on the 2oth of with three boats, in which Auguft 1759, Mobile Indians: the latter were Soldiers and help the French in offer, themfelves to other which is rowing, for fome trifle or given them. You embark in the river Mobile, ing up about fifteen and after gocalled la Fourche leagues, you come to a place (i. e, the fork) that ture of two rivers which is the juncviz. the river of fall into the Mobile, bekbé, I entered into Alitamons and the river Tomguft, in order the laft on the 27th of Authe fine to go up to the fort; we were in in offer, themfelves to other which is rowing, for fome trifle or given them. You embark in the river Mobile, ing up about fifteen and after gocalled la Fourche leagues, you come to a place (i. e, the fork) that ture of two rivers which is the juncviz. the river of fall into the Mobile, bekbé, I entered into Alitamons and the river Tomguft, in order the laft on the 27th of Authe fine to go up to the fort; we were in feafon, and I'had cholen a place for a camp on the banks of very proper Indians having had good a river; the abours, made fuccefs in filhing thereof about four me a prefent of a barbei, a fith feet long, which they dry. The weather being commonly to pitch my tent, but fair, I did not chufe only fat down by myfelf T 4 upon --- Page 292 --- THROUGH 280 ATRAVELS a kind' of plat-form covered with green upon 3 the river, thinking that D fods, which overlooked for refting: I fpréad placei the molt convenient Sthe bear's fkin taken' in my pretended governand wrapped myfelf up in my: tent, coverment, face with lit, becaufe the! vapours atir inight ing my' inf this feafon'; this little nicety are-dangerous very Idear A to me as you wvas" near cofting aldae nist shoot Phali fee. svsel Tyvea e 3: EG nielq pot ibond E 561 Org VALTT left; it fhould I had put my Ath at my feet, I had albe ftolen : but it happened worfe. for ready Rept for a whole hour: very quietly, allies and of thele parts are our V theu inhabitants all of a fudden, I found myfelf F friends, when force, I Lawoke carried away by an extraordinary me believing fome one was playing immediately, Taffure you PP never was more frightnoa trick, believe thar-a thing of lels confe31 ened; andT have the fame effect; I a quence will: often me off. I called thought the devil was carrying that' I was believed M for help, andthe people but bow: great was ara, dreaming, or a vifienary; when Tawoke. faw an alligator d3u my farprife feetlong he was o (erocodiley'orabover zi bne Ewenty nisge risuomn . : come noit 1o iguond b a 1Ou and I was likewife infeâted with 1 * His Sze frightened wiich me, that animal carries with it pabed foell of muik M for help, andthe people but bow: great was ara, dreaming, or a vifienary; when Tawoke. faw an alligator d3u my farprife feetlong he was o (erocodiley'orabover zi bne Ewenty nisge risuomn . : come noit 1o iguond b a 1Ou and I was likewife infeâted with 1 * His Sze frightened wiich me, that animal carries with it pabed foell of muik --- Page 293 --- LO UISI -. A N A. 281 a come out of the river in the calm of T6 voracious as thefe creatures, night, and a by: the barbel which are, being attraéted fell lay at my feet, he greedily upon it, and carrying it. to the river he took me along by the corner of the tent in which I had wrapt. myfelf up. Il had time V to get out of it, at the border of the enough left n and fo efcaped with the precipice, bear's fkin, which I fright. - Lonly faved the ftory, never leave now. This plain as it is, may pafs for : among thofe who love the marvellous. a prodigy -la bad I SP10 701 The Callapifas and Wanchas, En dian is nations, which live two little In1 fighti with the above New Orleans, ter.in the cracodiles, or alligators, in the wafollowing manner, 308 30 fla CANO C eent One takes. a picce of hard wood, l and fharpens ib at both ends he or of iron, in the middle, and. fwims 5 takes hold ofit tended. The with that one arm exalligator advances with his mouth open, in order to devour the arm of. the who, thrufts in his hand in which he Indian, o picce of wood, and the holds the K chisjaws. alligator pierces both through with it, can.neither dhur his mouth again, and is open nor by the Indians they.often. brought on fhore, take.this diverlion; and --- Page 294 --- 282 WTRAVI E L S. THROUCH and:t the. negroes of Guinea or of Senegal doi the fame. I A80t musb 100 Gogal 3 Inua fpicuiod orrd b 01 oniiliw daw bns brd After going mp. about fixty leagues between forefts and mountains which confine the river, wei met with fuch low water, that we were bo to unload all the goods,. and hide them EM obliged, left the provifions and amin the woods : I only munition in the boat, and gave them all my attention. Inever was in a more difagreeable f- : to draw the boats for I tuation ; we were obliged the 5 upwards of fifteen leagues ; I put myfelf at of the foldiers and Indians, and dréw at zrhead i the cord, in order to fet them an example. of my uneafinefs, if you will F You may judge it would confider that during this piece of-work, have been eafy to defeat and to plunder us." I of revolted Chaglas, going to the met a party - I exhorted tl.em to return : they ne Englifh 3 called in their lan- : croffed the. river in a place, Tefaloufas, which fignifies the' . white rguage mountain kk ; their chief, whofe name is Mingo Howmes, had the infolence to pretend he could he éveri was au3 obligeme to give him' brandy's dacious enough to lift his hatchet over my head. On *-Iti is 2 kind of marle or chalk which would be of great value in. Europc. tl ath G argin bhras b Nh 3 called in their lan- : croffed the. river in a place, Tefaloufas, which fignifies the' . white rguage mountain kk ; their chief, whofe name is Mingo Howmes, had the infolence to pretend he could he éveri was au3 obligeme to give him' brandy's dacious enough to lift his hatchet over my head. On *-Iti is 2 kind of marle or chalk which would be of great value in. Europc. tl ath G argin bhras b Nh --- Page 295 --- LiOUI - S' IYA: N A. * On this occalion, I told him I was a true that I feared not death, that I had mamt, body *, and was given up my willing to die, that if he killed mhe being perfuaded were but andi my warriors, who few, the grand chief of the French, beyond the great lake, would on their nation, revenge my blood by fending as many there, as there are leaves on ther trees. ods warriors au 3) 1os ds modi srg - ting Bof EER I Thefe men were momttr furprifed at my they faid, 4 That I was a man refolution $ 66, made them; of valour ; that I recover their wits which 4 loft in forming the deteftable they; had 6 their father's defigni of leaving f would hand, but that they hoped I forget, what was paft, 1 c very good.? At: the end béçaufe D was they of this harangue, prefented the calumer of 7 which I accepted 2 'on 3 condition that peace toame, fmoke fith a new fire I: fhould cternal oblivion out of it, to fignifya an of what had paft, and a vation of the alliance with the renodren of the grand chief of the Chagaus, chil- - convince them that I would French. To told them that the fire forget the paft, I itfelf, would be produced of 700 gutoput 14 BI In Tha is, devoted myfelf fo die for my. country. --- Page 296 --- THROUGH 284 TRAVELS M A from France I took with In my laft voyage fome of me a little phial of phofphorus : I put this' into the calumet of peace, and à powder fome words looked up to the iky int pronouncing addrefied . to the Grear Spirit, in the mean time 7 thephofphorus being expofed to the air, fet fire to which furprifed, not only the Inthe tobacco, the Frenchmen who were with dians, but even me, becaufe they had never feen the experiment asntore L tried with this powder. Do C son De L After this myfterious ceremony, I made thefe prefents of fome European trifles, and peopie their chief a'l bottle of: brandy, for it' is gave among the Indians, that when you cuftomary with them, your muft give fomething to great words. Then they all fhook hands confirm your and went back to their village. with me, were afhamed 8f their They told me, they fatisfied with foolith condudt, and we feparated, aM each other. Some time after this adventure, the rains were that they fwelled the water in the fo frequent, piver very much, Su : Indian to M. de ChaAs I had difpatched an fent me a Berts governor of Fort. Tombekbihe detachment muft give fomething to great words. Then they all fhook hands confirm your and went back to their village. with me, were afhamed 8f their They told me, they fatisfied with foolith condudt, and we feparated, aM each other. Some time after this adventure, the rains were that they fwelled the water in the fo frequent, piver very much, Su : Indian to M. de ChaAs I had difpatched an fent me a Berts governor of Fort. Tombekbihe detachment --- Page 297 --- L OUI S I A N A. detachment commanded by M. de Cabaret, a very, fkilful officer, who was of great fervice to on this occalfion, by me for bringing me refrefhments my foldiers, who had hardly any left. provifions Our European coxcombs, Dei toilets, night-gowns, who carry mirrors, looked &c. with them, would be upon as women by, the as chiefs of the warriors: Indians, and not guith themfelves they would not diftinin thofe campaigns, where muft endure the exceflive heats of the they and the rigours of winter, lie On the bare fummer, and, expole themfelves tojall thé ground, ther, in order! inot to be changes of weaMr. Braddock, furprifed by.the Indians. general of; New made the fatal experiment, Englandin 1735s3 take Fort dat Suénes he when -he came to N whole was, maffacred with hisT army at fome, diftance from that by a fmall number of French, and place, Indians, led by brave Canadian and fome.faithfbl, officers, who did wonders tie ofrl European action. 2 LEW siir bollowi bravery in 1 this Vade 3oily anaopoit a At laft I happily arrived cisum YTAY 1ovit the 25th at Fort Tombekbé on oFSeptembet, after! going leagues by water, without feeing a ahuhdred tion. Every night we are lingle habita-t obliged to camp in the woods --- Page 298 --- 286: TR XVE L S THROUGH the banks of the river 3 but the woods upon are- the Mukitoes or Magreateft inconvehience ringoins, a kind of gnats which areinfupportable to be free from them; we ini Lonijfiana . In/order and bent them put gieat reeds into the ground, covered them with a over like arches ; we then bear's fkin as' a linen cloth, and laid down--a of matrais:w All the voyages made by people done in the fame manner byl wathe colonyiare teri it on sire on fhore to camp, the commandAfter going take 'care tolappoint a ing oficer fhould always ientinels in the woods to guards ahditt to place always to furprifes. The officer cught prevent fitube very careful in chufing an advantageous ation for his camp, fuch as. an ife or a cape. a a1 D had taken. thefe precauJf, the Sieur Dtt the Tilinois by M: de tions, when he was fent to with Bienvilles in 1735, with ar boat laden gunin order to. carry on the war with the powder, he would not have been furprifed, as Chickfaws, of warriors of that nation. he was, by a party of that offiIt may be afferted, that the negleét the meancer has been. no leis fatal to us, than of ignorance, andi avidity of the governor nefss this-boat laden with the fort oft the Natches; powder, ent to with Bienvilles in 1735, with ar boat laden gunin order to. carry on the war with the powder, he would not have been furprifed, as Chickfaws, of warriors of that nation. he was, by a party of that offiIt may be afferted, that the negleét the meancer has been. no leis fatal to us, than of ignorance, andi avidity of the governor nefss this-boat laden with the fort oft the Natches; powder, --- Page 299 --- LO.UI S. I A- N A. powder, being taken by the them to carry, on.: the war Chickfaus, fervedi thirty years, and cauled againft us L for abovebrave men, and, the lols the death: of .many: I money to the of many millions: ofi kingoeutos 2 3t Giai abgo1 JE9 DU n E bo VOT asi de : 1 The following is, in a few Ihye ner in which M. D * * * words, the man-ii ken prifoner. One was fiurprifed and ta-u wind, he was day when it blew: a north: fhore, and fo obliged to bring his boat to the: encamped wait for better winds. thereon, in order to and his foldiers He went out. didr the fame in hunting, theirichief; ; but.the cimitation of edi andwatched Chidfmus, who had follow-s boat them for a long with the while, took the foldiers ini ita prifoners. Eun-powder, and 1 made all the turned from When, M. D re-: hunting, he was invefted as.his foldiers had and taken tentéd with their been; but the Indians, con-" of their capture, and having loft people, granted them none' D: ** had the their lives; M. good, luck to turned to New Orleans.. elcape, and re- : 1 2 YRP When one is on 5 a journey, he have an Indian fcout to fhould always the fake of go'before him, both for reconnoitring the ing furprifes, and. likwife enemy or preventfor inding our game. It and taken tentéd with their been; but the Indians, con-" of their capture, and having loft people, granted them none' D: ** had the their lives; M. good, luck to turned to New Orleans.. elcape, and re- : 1 2 YRP When one is on 5 a journey, he have an Indian fcout to fhould always the fake of go'before him, both for reconnoitring the ing furprifes, and. likwife enemy or preventfor inding our game. It --- Page 300 --- THROUGH 288 TRAVEUS the river 7 It happened to me as I was going up thatliwas in want-of provifions, of-Tombeké, it vifibly. The Inbut Providenee fupplied in the woods, came: dians, wto-areilike-ferets madela goad me advice that they-hiad tol give found the'r neft of a' great eagle, difcovery :" they on which this called the royal eagles * ; as the tree J1 neft AK64 : an a J called harl the ab-buibiol rerals is, called in Englith, the The cagle here Zool. tab: A. and in 8vo vol.i. Golden Eagles Perh. Br. P.61. and' Le grand aigle royal, p. 12r. Falco chryfagtos, Linn. Mr. Petmnant rélates, from Pidhchesle enhusminériy tab. 410. im that county 1 Smith's hiltory of Kerry, eThat a podrmah during afumfubfiltence for his family, 66 got a comfortable nef, by: robbing the ea66 mer of famine, out of an eagle's This in fome ce glets of the food, the old ones brouphr.w M: Bufors in' his meafure confirms our-authors Yamo.-edit account. Ivol.i."p. 117: atHif maturelleides eifeaux, related' Itlie aécount he got from tacks-M. Salernes for having eaglets of This kindina mefs a, friend, acho foind three M. Arorg de Bufon; though a great natufixed betaueenitawo rocks, to have his peculiar opiral" hiftorian, is frequently fubject all facts proving the connions, which he Befends againft he explains away the ftrongtrary: ànd, by his eloquence, invalidates even" fadts, in fo much, that eft arguments ; and againft him dwindles quite" away. their Arength inproving opinion'to favour; he muft have Our author had no peeuliar in France, and known the bird, which is not uncommon and the nobility, may be feen in the menageries of therefore the King I think our author's andiiniv various cabinetsy-and 4 61 W e account which he Befends againft he explains away the ftrongtrary: ànd, by his eloquence, invalidates even" fadts, in fo much, that eft arguments ; and againft him dwindles quite" away. their Arength inproving opinion'to favour; he muft have Our author had no peeuliar in France, and known the bird, which is not uncommon and the nobility, may be feen in the menageries of therefore the King I think our author's andiiniv various cabinetsy-and 4 61 W e account --- Page 301 --- L O Ui S I A NA he(t was placed, was 2Sg for hatchets a very, tall one; they came to cut it down; : well paid for their they were indeed trouble, for great quantity of game of all kinds they found a fuch as fawns, rabbets, in the nefts wild turkics, partridges, and wood-pigeons, grous; eaglets in it, alreatly there were four dians took for prétty frong ; thefe the.Inof their themfelves, to the great forrow parents, who would have their eyes, if the Indians had picked out with mufkets; the not been armed and the poor birds were quite cagle is very juftly called furious, the birds on account of his the king of balls did not fpare their intrepiditys but the feathered VoL. I. majefties, who U fell account a frong proof againft M. golden eagie has no more than Bugon's opinion, that the never four. This will be a two caglets, feldom three, too much to rely upon the warnirig to all naturalifs, not hiftorian, who, with all lis affertions of that French natural his opinions, in fpité of facts abilities, indulges too. much know and acknowledge the merit that arè againft him. I as his fine of. this able bur language, the Ane zoologitt; French nation, and the prefent prints, the vanity of the cured him a high fathionable tafte, have his authority fhould reputation, it is no more than probé decifve with natural. that light feunr-riadings than the many; who like rather fioh in natural heavinefs of a critical hint hiftory. I therefore difcul. might be ferviceable to thofe whom thought, that fuch a. éarry a-Aray by his florid fyle, F. M.d Bafin wauld --- Page 302 --- TRAVELS THROUGH llovc: The Indians fell the viétims of parental" thefe that the great Spirit fent us protold me, indeedit was to be looked upon as a vinonst ; which favoured us manna fent by Providence, thefe defarts. 1 usne in 23 . - ai astad Segt IPa 1 here from New Orleans, I have received news that every thing from whence my friends write, of an confufion there, on account is in great is arrived from yamaica as a Englifh fhip which called there an inimuggling veliel, commonly serleper. theTexel, commanded by This fhip is called born an Englith Captain Dias-Arias, a Jew, found, that it fubjest. The Ordomateur. having to the orders ought to be confifcated according it for the King's acof the marine, has feized who is fort major, and count; M. de Belleifle, has been requefted to the governor's locum'tenens, for that purpofe; but M. affift with the military Mobile, has fufpended de Kerlerec returning from of his funcM. de Belleife in the performance has had M. de afterwards tions : that governor taken up at three o'clock Rochemoré's fecretary detachment of foldiers, in the morning, by a doors and windows, who, after breaking the him on board dragged him out of bed, and put a vef RP. quefted to the governor's locum'tenens, for that purpofe; but M. affift with the military Mobile, has fufpended de Kerlerec returning from of his funcM. de Belleife in the performance has had M. de afterwards tions : that governor taken up at three o'clock Rochemoré's fecretary detachment of foldiers, in the morning, by a doors and windows, who, after breaking the him on board dragged him out of bed, and put a vef RP. --- Page 303 --- LO U I S I A N A. à veffel, the deftination known of which remains : upon this M. de Rochemore has unthe minifter, Monficur de fent to in the fuperior council. rfuterille, counfellor When I fhall be better informed hastappened there, I fhall of all that write to the impart it to you; I New Orleans. governor to grant me my recall tôy Lam, SIR, &cc. At Tombekii, the Igth ef September 1759; tugn mane TE inu U 2 LET. --- Page 304 --- TRAVELS THROUGH spoclten : e La T H R XVIIL CETTOUOS Te DdW T0 the Same, C Defcription ef the Country of the Chactaws. Their their Way treating their Sick; their Wars ; of their Plays of Superfition : their Commerces ChickExercife. Country of the Tchicachas or faws, our Enemies. S I R, a1 : au Thought of fetting out from hence in two. days, but the defire of knowing the moft warlike and moft numerous of Louifiana made ime change my mind; I nation what I have employ my leifure hours to defcribe feen and heard of them. The Chatlaws are enthe friends of the French; they have given tirely ofM. Perrier, proofs ofit under the government the Notwhen they were made ufe of to punifh ches --- Page 305 --- LOrU/1/Sr A N A. chies who maffacred the French among them. The that were fettled makes them court likewife annually This prefents to kecp them in our intereft. nation can bring four thoufand to the field, who would march warriors inwould be with pleafure. It very eafy, if it was managed as carefully as it ought to be, to make them fongs of war, and ftir them fing their againft the Englif, who up to revenge us ties in our are committing hoftilipoffefions in Canada ; thefe might on occafion ferve us to people if they made incurfions great advantage, into the Britifh elpecially the provinces of colonies, which. are quite Georgia and Carolina, national militia empty, all their troops and the Qucbec. having been fent to the fiege of who Many brave officers of this fpeak the language of the colony, M. de Rouville, du Indians, fuch as Tiffenet, and to head fome parties of this others, are cager deftroy the of nation, who could and burn crops our enemies, would their habitations, and pillage even to the walls of give the alarm make a diverfion in favour Charies-tvmn, which might of Canada. The Chaélaws love war, and with ftratagems. are acquainted ftand their They never fight in order, or their enemics ground, they only harrafs and teaze much, without being cowards U 3 S for ome parties of this others, are cager deftroy the of nation, who could and burn crops our enemies, would their habitations, and pillage even to the walls of give the alarm make a diverfion in favour Charies-tvmn, which might of Canada. The Chaélaws love war, and with ftratagems. are acquainted ftand their They never fight in order, or their enemics ground, they only harrafs and teaze much, without being cowards U 3 S for --- Page 306 --- 294 T R A VELS THROUGH for when they come to clofe engagement, chey coolly: Some of their women are fo fight very of their hufbands a.5 to go into the wars fond ftand by their fides in the with them. They full of arrows, and encou: battle, with a quiver them, they rage them continually by telling ought not to fear their enemies, but die as true yct: The Chatiaws are very fuperfirious : when they go to war they confult their Manitot, who is carried by the chief, Theyalways expole him fide where they are to go towards the encto that round my, and place fome warriors as Tentinels that him. They have fuch a veneration for him, they do not eat till the chiefhas' given him firft his fhare. During the continuance of the war, they obey their chief very exadtly; but as foon as they reonly confider him according to - the turn, they with which he difpoles of his prc: liberality perty. cuftom them, that when the It is a among from chief ofa party of warriors has got booty he muft diftribute it to the warriors, the enemy, who have been kille nd to he relationsof thofe ed --- Page 307 --- EOUIS I A. ed.in.-batte, in order, as they fay, to tears. The chief keeps dryt up their. cept the honour.of nothing for himfelf, extion, being the fupport of the naI Intereft, which is the caufe offo in the old world, is unknown many crimes" it is not without in the new world: reafon that the Cuba faid, Gold is the true God of the Indians we muft give it them in order Spaniards, and Anerica we do not fee of to have peace. In we cali Javages, kill their any thole men, whom or make ufe of falfe brothers in cool blood, order. to get their eftatcs. witneffes to undo them, in unknown there, which Thofe intrigues, are quire riches, by are made ufe of to acbeing. No wife means unworthy of a human is done in poifons her hufband there, as Europe, in order to There are no. women lafcivicus marry again. enough or audacious their publicly to declare the hufbands, as the impotence of nor does any European women do; Cacique's wife get her ftrangled, as that Neapolitan hufband her's; becaufe he would princefs did wich palion,. no girls there not fatisfy her brutal ipring, in order to deftroy their own off men. The Incian. appcar chafte in the-cyes of girls who fall into.that women abhor the Chriftian cale; they oppofe the U 4 fierceft ufbands, as the impotence of nor does any European women do; Cacique's wife get her ftrangled, as that Neapolitan hufband her's; becaufe he would princefs did wich palion,. no girls there not fatisfy her brutal ipring, in order to deftroy their own off men. The Incian. appcar chafte in the-cyes of girls who fall into.that women abhor the Chriftian cale; they oppofe the U 4 fierceft --- Page 308 --- 296 TRA VEI LS THROUGRI fierceft wild beafts. to- them, becaufe they take great care of their young- .35 rada ador Tas mV Ka 1o getroans no If the chief of a party of Chagaws does not fucceed in the war which he has undertakens he Icfes all his credit; nobody has any truft in his command, and he is obliged to come down.to the rank of a mere warrior. However, admire the variety of opinions among-the different na, if, thele warlike tions. It is no fhame, among people, a man, turns his back upon the enemy. This defertion is attributed toa, bad dreams if the chief of a great party, having dreamt thar he will lofe fome men,, tells his, warriors) chathe has had a bad dream, they return immediately to their village; as foon as they arrive there, have recourfe to phyfic, i. e. to juggler's they on all occalions : tricks, which they employ then they march towards the enemy 5 and ifthey meet him, they kill fve or fix ofihis men, and come home as content 2S if they had fubdued a great empirc, A general who fhould gain a viétory. with the iofs of many of his men, would be ill received by them; becaufe they do not value a victory when it is bought with the bloodof their friends and rela:ions: their chiefs are always careful to preferve --- Page 309 --- E-0-UTis! I A N A. preferve their warriors, and never attack the my unlefs they are fure of an y ealy eneon account of their numbers, victory, either or their but as their advantagea9 "oasiesiation wife cunning, and evade adverfaries are like- "laid for them, ic all the fhares that are fineffe; therefore depends then upon fuperior they hide woods in day-time, and themfelves in the only walk at they are not difcovered, night; if of day. As they they attack by break trys he that are generally in a woody coungoes firft fometimes thick bufh before bim, and carries a very each other in a file, the laft as they all follow their feet, by hides the marks of putting the leaves on on which they went in order the ground leave no veftiges that again, fo as to might betray them. The chiefthings by which they enemies are the fmoke of their difcovér their they can fmell to a very Ares, which tracks or footfteps, great diftance, and their in an incredible which they can dilinguifh fhewed manner. One day an me, in a place where Ihad Indian the footfteps of fome feen noching, Prenchnents Negroes, and the time when Indians, and way ; I own that this they had gone that may well be faid, that knowledge is.a amazing: it to when the Ixdians any fingle thing, they excel in it. apply Their tracks or footfteps, great diftance, and their in an incredible which they can dilinguifh fhewed manner. One day an me, in a place where Ihad Indian the footfteps of fome feen noching, Prenchnents Negroes, and the time when Indians, and way ; I own that this they had gone that may well be faid, that knowledge is.a amazing: it to when the Ixdians any fingle thing, they excel in it. apply Their --- Page 310 --- THROUGH 298 - TRAVEUS asi in vigie Their art of war confifts; youilfees atfurprife, and to lance, attention to prevent and in. patience tack the enemy unprepared, thift, the rigours frength to fupport hunger, labours and fatigues inof the weather; and the ns? from war. feparable emto ront sbal a He that has done a fine acion carries the of his dead enemy as atrophy, and getsd fcalp of it made on hiss bodys then: he the mark that time, which, mourns for him, and during himfelfs and he muft not comb lafts a month, he is only allowed to fcratchwhen hisi head itches, which he ties to his wrift for it with a little rod, that purpofe. Ral aill sl - and their wives are. very un-e The Chactaws in.places at a diftance from. cleanly, living chiefly kind of rcligious ferviccy rivers. They have no their. heads with fu-s they live without troubling believe that they have, an turity, and however veneration immortal foul. They. have a great whom they do not bury. When a for their dead, is expofed-upon a bier, Chaia dies, his corpfe bark, and placed of cyprefs made on purpofe, When the: Gfteen feet high: on four polts all the flefh,i the wholet worms have confumed difmembers the: fkefamily affembles 3 fome one leton, --- Page 311 --- L O-U-i-S BIT A N A. leton, and plucks off all the mufcles, and tendons that ftill remain nerves and depofit the bones in 51 they bury them a cheft, aften the head with vermillion. The colouring relations during this ceremony, which ris followed weep feaft, with which thofe friends by a come to pay their are treated who after compliments of that, the remains of their late condolence; relation brought to the common burying are put in the place where his anceftor's ground, and depofited, bones were During the pérformance of fad ceremonies, a deep filence is thefe neither fing nor dance, and obferved, they home weeping. every one goes In the firft days of November a great feaft, which they celebrate they cail the feaft of the dead, or of the fouls; all the families then to the burying ground, and with go eyes vifit the chefts which tears in their relations, and when contain the relics of great treat, which finifhes they return, they give a aa0 the feaft, It may be faid in praife of thefe that the friendihip fublifting Americans, a thing uncommon' in among the relations, tation. I have Europe, is worthy of imiwhich mentioned fome inftances of it exceed thofe of antiquity, The mutual love to the burying ground, and with go eyes vifit the chefts which tears in their relations, and when contain the relics of great treat, which finifhes they return, they give a aa0 the feaft, It may be faid in praife of thefe that the friendihip fublifting Americans, a thing uncommon' in among the relations, tation. I have Europe, is worthy of imiwhich mentioned fome inftances of it exceed thofe of antiquity, The mutual love --- Page 312 --- TRAVELS THROUGH love of the Indians towards each other, inclines them to afift cach other when they are infirm. This fincere love particularly fhews itfelf in the laft duties which they pay to their friends and relations, by their tears and grief, even then, when they exift no more. ot CoW a The, Indians in general have a. great veneration for their doétors or jugglers, who are real quacks, that impofe upon.t the people, and They have a live handfomely at their expence.. authority among the Indians, and the.latter great occafion for their adto them upon every go t.n confult them as oracles. When a vice 5 they, he all he has in order to Chattaw is fick, gives his be cured by them ; but if the patient dies, relations attribute his death to the phyfic; and nortohis indifpofition : and can confequently kill the doétor if they have: a mind to do.ite; howthis cafe fcarce ever happens, as they geever, at hand. Thefe doctors nerally have an excufe with feveral excellent are, however, acquainted difeafes common in their plants for curing the country, ; ei Rertl a There : are, likewife, pcople in Frarce, who lay the death cf their relations to the charge of the phyfician, and refembie, the Indians very, much in, dueir. thoughts on this fubicôt, --- Page 313 --- BroE S I A N A. country ; they know a bite of rattle fnakes, certain remedy for the animals. al W and other - lina ncls oug JvOL poifonous D,7 a t vag padi 4. D3 When the Indians ahte 2au0 b ER or an arrow, the are wounded with a bullet doétors or fucking the wound of the jugglers begin with out the blood : they patient, and ipitting in théir chirugical never employ lint, or tents, the powder of a operations; ; but they have root, which they blow wound, to' accelerate its into the make ufe of another fuppuration, and they they preferve wounds which dries and heals it; from bathing them with a decoation mortification, by which they know *, of forne : n roors, Sorali When rd boa they are tired and after returning from exceffively a fatigued, they ufe war, or from a fweating in ftoves hunt, +, as a reflorativé. In * M. de Bofe would have which world, by making ufe of his very much obliged all the he repeatedly infuence over the knowledge offirch mentions, in order to get from them Indians, cafes and plants as they employ in their the a proof of aliments: his : this would have been really feveral dif humanity and curious ufeful, and inqu.ries. F. + Thele ftoves are round huts, built like ovens in the middle in ftoves hunt, +, as a reflorativé. In * M. de Bofe would have which world, by making ufe of his very much obliged all the he repeatedly infuence over the knowledge offirch mentions, in order to get from them Indians, cafes and plants as they employ in their the a proof of aliments: his : this would have been really feveral dif humanity and curious ufeful, and inqu.ries. F. + Thele ftoves are round huts, built like ovens in the middle --- Page 314 --- TRAVELS THROUCH In thefe baths they boil all forts of medicinal odoriferous herbs, whofe effences and falts and with the fteam of the water, entér into rifing of the afflicted perfon, and reftores his RE the body for Joit forces. Thisi remedy is equally good and deftroying all kinds of pains 5 of abating courfe fee no Indian affedted with the gout, you and other diftempers which we are the gravel, but this may likewife be fubjedt to in Europe, exercifes. attributed to their frequent bodily You fee no great Dutch bellies there, nor any tumours under the chin, fuch as the Piedgreat flosn montefe wens. The Chaétaws put a frm belief in enchanters and when they meet with one and magicians, forcerer, they cut off his head fuch pretended * without any ceremony.. 10 oum I faw. an Indian of the nation of Challaws, who had lately been baptized : as he had no luck middle of the villages; they are kept in order by an Alexis or public doctor. * In 1752, when I wasat Mobile, Ifaw. an Indian whom be che others killed with a.hatchet, becaufe, he pretended all to the The other Indians attributed to, him l a misfortunes forcerer. that happen to their nation, , forcerer, they cut off his head fuch pretended * without any ceremony.. 10 oum I faw. an Indian of the nation of Challaws, who had lately been baptized : as he had no luck middle of the villages; they are kept in order by an Alexis or public doctor. * In 1752, when I wasat Mobile, Ifaw. an Indian whom be che others killed with a.hatchet, becaufe, he pretended all to the The other Indians attributed to, him l a misfortunes forcerer. that happen to their nation, --- Page 315 --- LOUIS I A N A. luck in hunting like his gined he was companions, he imato Father bewitchedy he went Lefivre the * immediately an him, and told him that Jefuit who had converted good for nothing, becaufe his medicine or trick was it upon him; he could fince he had practifed he therefore kill no ftags or defired hel roe-deer; 9 chantment again. would take off his en00 the refentment of The Jefuit, in order to avoid hilated the this Indian, did as if he anniter, this Indian bapcifimal killed ceremony, Some time af. -a roe-deer, cident, or by his own fkill, either by achimfelf freed from the and thus thought content. enchantment, and was The mind of this nation in rough and unpolifhed. gencral is very ever fo much of the Though one tells' them they always myfteries of our anfwer, that what religion, their underftanding. we fay is above morals, moft of them They have, belides, very bad Thofe defiled being addicted to petticoat like men, wear long hair, and fodomy. a the women, who little much. delpife them very asn 1 to The robe; The Indians call the Jefuits the men with them they fay that they are not like other the black women, in derifion, : men, and 'cali e --- Page 316 --- TRAFELAprpere The Chagicrus are very, aétive and merry $ they have a play at bail, at which they, are. very they invite theinhabitants of the neighexpert; bouring villages to it, exciting them by many fmart fayings. The men and women affemble in their beft ornaments, they pafs the whole day. in finging and dancing : they a even dance all the night to the found of the drum and chichikois. : The inhabitants of each village are diftin which they light in guilhed by, a feparate fire, the middle of a great meadow. The next. day a is that appointed for the match; they agrec upon about yards, olf, and diftina mark or, aim fixty the guithed by two great poless between which, - count fixteen ball is to pafs. They gencrally till the game is up. They are forty on each fide, and every one, bas a battledoorrin his hand, about two feet and a haif long, made very nearly in the form of ours, of walnut or chefnut. wood, and covered with roe-fkins: An old man ftands in the middlc of the place throws up into the appropristed to the play,and rolled about each other. -air a ball of roe-fkxins, to ftrike The players then run, and endcavour the ball with their battledoors ; it is a pleafure to fec on each fide, and every one, bas a battledoorrin his hand, about two feet and a haif long, made very nearly in the form of ours, of walnut or chefnut. wood, and covered with roe-fkins: An old man ftands in the middlc of the place throws up into the appropristed to the play,and rolled about each other. -air a ball of roe-fkxins, to ftrike The players then run, and endcavour the ball with their battledoors ; it is a pleafure to fec --- Page 317 --- L o0'rs I A N A. fee them run naked, lours, having a tyger's tail painted with various COfeathers on their heads and faftened behind, and as they run, and have arms, which move pufh and throw each a very odd effeét: they other been expert e down; ; he that has his party enough to get the ball, fends ; thofe of the it to him who has feized' the bail, oppolite party run at their fide; and thus and fend it back to other reciprocally, with they difpute it. to each they fometimcs diflocate fuch an ardour, that The players are never their thoulders by it. who affift at the difpleafed : fome old men, determine, that the play, become mediators, and play is only recreation, and not as an intended as a relling. The opportunity of wagers are quarmen bet among themfelves, confiderable, the wo- - When the players have ISt men affemble among given over, the Wohufbands who have loft themfelvés to revenge their door they make ufe the game. The battle. men, in being bent of, differs from that of the and run againft ; they all are very each other with active, nefs, pulhing cach other like extreme fwift. ing the fame drefs, the men, they havmodefty teaches them except on thole parts which Vor. I. to cover. They only X put rouge --- Page 318 --- d TR A V'EL's THROUCH T E90 inftead on theit checks, and vermillion, rouge of powder, in theirhair. C - ng both - fides all the day After playing well on or thame, every one retires with His'Elory 3 - long, to play again but without rancour; pionifing can : thus the Inanother time aswell as théy 2 themfelves dians both mén and women, exercifc I VO fwift, for a in running; O: they are likewife very havé fcen fome run as faft as ftags, exercife -e themfelves in mooting The children for ; he that fhoots with a bow and arrows prizes from an old man, beft, gets the prize of praife warrior; thus they who 'calls him an apprentice without corporal puA 1 are formed by emulation, in thooting with 531 nifhment; they are very expert reeds about feven feet made of an inftrument a little arrow, fealong, into which they pur thiftle, and in aimthered with the wool of a the tube, and blow into ing at an objeet, they kill littlebirds often hit the aim, and frequently with it. d a of the Chasaws are Almolt all the. affemblies are barbarous Though they ias held in night-time in order to gain and ferccious, it is neceffary, care to keep your their confidence, to take great promiies trument a little arrow, fealong, into which they pur thiftle, and in aimthered with the wool of a the tube, and blow into ing at an objeet, they kill littlebirds often hit the aim, and frequently with it. d a of the Chasaws are Almolt all the. affemblies are barbarous Though they ias held in night-time in order to gain and ferccious, it is neceffary, care to keep your their confidence, to take great promiies --- Page 319 --- LOnU. IESTI ALN A: promifes to then, without with r the greateft which,they, treat you that you are. a contempt, proudly. tolling you haye liar, an epithet which, the, Indians given to! the prefent governor, whom they call Oilabé Mingo, i:re. the chief. lying When the women are bands abftain from with , child, their huf thofe falt, and from pork, for fear aliments might do harm to their Ti The women never lie-in in their huts children. into the woods to be delivered, ;t they-go withour receiving any affiftance, on As foon as they are delivered, n4t infants. The mothers they.Walh their to-t the foreheads of apply a. 10 mafs :of carth them have flat their children,s to make ftrengeh heads, and as ithey: get more they increafe the bulkyit beinge among thefe people to have a fiat head. beauty never fwaddle their children. They They never wean their children difgufted with their mother's milk. sillithey are fome children I have feen the grown up fo as to. be able,to tell mother, Jet down, that Imay faickles. and the mother immediately fat down. made of reeds, they put their Their.cradle is childreginto.irfo X 2 that --- Page 320 --- TRAVELS ITHROVGRT that. 2 their head lies, three. or four inches.lowetn than the reft, af the body, ert therefore you never: fee any, contracted ora hump-backed. people: amongft them. The women leave the huts in their catamenia, which: the Indians -gall marksi of valour, During that, time, they, are obliged their, own.meat and drink,i and they: a to, prepare return among mens: Te till, a they: are thodo. not The, Indians believes thatifi roughly purified, near E a woman in that ftate, they, they come fall fick, and that if they went to war afwould they, would have, bad-luck. init I Stotod ter 0 it, 0 ods 31 1'3 1 AeAtianide - JEN, the Indians only, valuc themlclvesst Though Dit3s their origin from the. lide of the women,o upon the latter are not allowed to correÉt the a yet_the have nE only an. authority over. their boys; they, thould. ftrike, her fonsd a mother, daughters. Hf E1 and ftruck againi, but WT fhe would be no reprimanded. hers, fhe muft bring him IY if,t pas the boy, difobeys, 11N - who inflicts A punifhment, to. an old man, and then throws fome 041 frelh, water, over L I on him, 264 Ae e hobnmmmos odw his body. Atmott zyevngo siy oiseft AgA 19Y13 sdi infidelity, 2nibasslab fhe mufti If a woman commits an 01 the meadow,). e. 7 all the JLc young men, pajs shrough. fometimes a even ona the old, ones, their, and R1 Sees fatisfy. brutality on her, by turns.y Such is the punithment water, over L I on him, 264 Ae e hobnmmmos odw his body. Atmott zyevngo siy oiseft AgA 19Y13 sdi infidelity, 2nibasslab fhe mufti If a woman commits an 01 the meadow,). e. 7 all the JLc young men, pajs shrough. fometimes a even ona the old, ones, their, and R1 Sees fatisfy. brutality on her, by turns.y Such is the punithment --- Page 321 --- LSOPUSI S 3 N A. Bor nient of adultery times the guilty among the Chastates Some. after-this woman, has the good takes her as infamy, to find a mean luckr fhel muft his wife, under the fellow, who TIS . that has be difguted with a criminal pretence that that the drawn fuch a condlus, will punuthmene on Nér, ando sue future. Be: confequentiy this behaye better for looked: as' it will," fhe is' the3 ob upon as a always man. deit sarty KI depraved nRCOw and immoral wo- yOs - ure e 30sg yads à 3ods bns & TE3M ameo Fads Before I finifh do oi 1e bluow the my letter I muft a roris Tthicachas, or fay word' of fo numerous as the Chickfoues. This nation is.not on account of Chagaiai bur moré northern and their intrepidity, 10 AIl terrible, the: Fremdh, have fouthern Tudian Hations, t the ay being lible to aftackéd them, a withour 51 and 01 even ayod which is' the fineft drive them out of their ever tel tinent, 3M The and moft fruicul on Sd countrynn the" pow X ofran? cHaspurare tàll, well made, con- - unparalleled courage. - ic and 17539 they attacked Meff Tn" 1752 aind" e who commanded the Benoif and de Ringia ftation, convoys from the Indians defeending the river Illinois always choofe fome MaMippi: thefe tion, toimake an attack advantigrous fituapoit is af'the rocks in, their moft otnt tot ailaug ads 21 sbu2 of Pradlomnt 4 comtnon be KIDAT x 3 QTUT a the nO river. YR be- P41 ing --- Page 322 --- TRAYELS THROUCH 31o there, they can annoy the boats, ing narrow which have no decks. >1 believed that the Chiekfaus killed Meff it is thefe tWO officers, Bougelet and de la Moflière, fell-into an amtliough thiey were very brave,; 'not-l knowing bufcade for want of experience; were in any of the éountry they the topography Braddock. An officer oughts more than general to that, in ordercto therefore, always to apply be on furprifes, or elfe he hould always avoid thie defenfive and prepared. have always beet in alliance. with an The Englife have always traded thele lvaliant warriors; ; they with them, and fupplied all their wants: of this nation ride well on horfe The Indians fow back: they leave. the care of coltivatingands whio are hand ing thèir grounds to their women; has k:lled a fome and cleanly: When a whereabouts Chickfano it lies ; roe.deer, he tells his wife and ferves it up fhe goes to fetch it, dreffes sit, eat with the her hufband: : the women never to indifferent about them, but men, who fecm very than any other nation. feally love them better The nation ride well on horfe The Indians fow back: they leave. the care of coltivatingands whio are hand ing thèir grounds to their women; has k:lled a fome and cleanly: When a whereabouts Chickfano it lies ; roe.deer, he tells his wife and ferves it up fhe goes to fetch it, dreffes sit, eat with the her hufband: : the women never to indifferent about them, but men, who fecm very than any other nation. feally love them better The --- Page 323 --- LO U I S 1. A A 31I The Tihitachat. or- Clidlaas, aduitery, with the only pupith have been whipping, two offenders who, caught in the fact, naked shrough the making them run, band repudiares his village 3 after which the hufwife dt bitrafioet As thefe ludians, sir 975. Mv trs afterthe maffacre thelter to the Natchpss vin. 9f M Frenchis the #736 againt,, and attacked latterarmed the united them, wich nO forees of the whole colony, but our fuccels, withA1 UST CT !: M. dariagenie Dugn king, in the country 1 major of the and governor 17 MA for the M. de Bienzille the Ilinais, came to join brought him the, governor of Louifana ; he the frontiers, of troops of the Tlinois, and from that officer Camada, but the army which ot feated, becaufe, commanded, he bad was furpriled and den NC Indians who were. our been abandoned by the - : allies. M, was-raken, : with, deven offiçers, and d-hiapuic fix. foldiers and. inhabirants, about tysntys who burnt them by. the Cikaan a Father Senat AJelit alives among 24 theni was the tAg40lF in the who went with M. dAr of this tragic leene quality has 2/ Of s4y chaplain. The detail called Louis Gamoi, been relared by a fericant, lad fate which his who was a fpectacor of the companions Haderwenr; he X 4 Mas --- Page 324 --- TRA W * LSI THRO oy G Mi 31? referved to be burnt lait, 0 but he, efcaped byan odd Y snt As he was. acquainted with the ftratagem. MTERT of the Indians, he cmployed - i on this language 12635 9u utter, invectives O them, : and occalion to againtt a loofe, he threw all he. found, near him getting S3 3S1L1 at their heads, faying, you are dogs, becaufe you have burnt.my chiefs; I will be burnt, too,Tfear neither fire nor death, for 17 In am, a, true man; make, me a fuffer much, becaule I defire ite The Chickfaws, fecing his refolution, looked upon Hnmc as. 2sf an extraordinary 30d fellow, and granted hin his hfes he was ms afterwards ranfomed by.n. Enzifman from Carolina, and is now.at; Charlese torun - thc capital of that colonyt (stsval a1 7702 02 100 bsa 70011 Rils neither fire nor death, for 17 In am, a, true man; make, me a fuffer much, becaule I defire ite The Chickfaws, fecing his refolution, looked upon Hnmc as. 2sf an extraordinary 30d fellow, and granted hin his hfes he was ms afterwards ranfomed by.n. Enzifman from Carolina, and is now.at; Charlese torun - thc capital of that colonyt (stsval a1 7702 02 100 bsa 70011 Rils againft DS : the Tchicachass vAuotst -Tn another expedition HE which was undertaken on the 26th U ofMay: in the and commanded 0 1 M. de Biewuilles fame year, by, L we had not any more fuccels 5 many brave officers loit their lives in it, K and 2 the major-genetal of the army, and the adjutant received, fuch: dangerous wounds, that the, laft died of them.: I'have heard from the Chevalier dé Lucer, : who, offspring, that his father, who fers) irofs'Swit in our troops, 31 had been in thisa ved-as captain d this" officer a- has likewife, 10 unlucky expedition ; told me the fory of the Chevalier de Grondels who now the als garrilon of Mobile, and - ons d3 selongtio Tanibaortnes SE tuin commands limg --- Page 325 --- DsoU Is S I commands the Swifs A. Hakuill, belonging troop of the regiment 03 9 7 of 3t hehad then the to'the fervice of the marines; grenadiers of the command of a detachmene of Biatuapiarmi againft regiment the of Karrery in M. 4e HDT olucoed D9 31F LUY Chibjates 18s In order to anda JE I fhall only fay, abridge that the account of this and bravery this' officer, affairs natural to his Joining fidelity fuolity of youth, received nation, five to the impes during the attack. As he fhot in' his body, ofbattle after Fthe retreat, he remained on the field become the objeét of the was juft going to fury, if feveral foldiers of eneny's his tSJ vengeance and neroufly expofed their lives troop had not gewihiftanding the balls and to fave bis,, notfent at them from the fort arrows Which were. killed five of them of the Ro E d Ynom one 13 out after anocher, Charobfemmnt However, ton bnd sw réturned to the one, withour fearing the or fol ETD troop feld, and dangens carrying his officer on Sf happily arrived in his, chief furgeon of the his thoulders. The I cure him, and the army n tried. all he, knew. to.i merit, Caid not fail to general, 21 who values. officer's behaviour give in an account silitary, pas, in confidcration at courts and M: de of the. det of the, Maure conainmos had received, granted him wounds M. de Gras:. an' extraordnary grati- , and dangens carrying his officer on Sf happily arrived in his, chief furgeon of the his thoulders. The I cure him, and the army n tried. all he, knew. to.i merit, Caid not fail to general, 21 who values. officer's behaviour give in an account silitary, pas, in confidcration at courts and M: de of the. det of the, Maure conainmos had received, granted him wounds M. de Gras:. an' extraordnary grati- --- Page 326 --- TRAXELS THROUGH he could of St. gratification, till gt.diecros Louis. 63 3 The foldier *who faved him at the penilofhit win made ferjeant at the head life, was immediately 21 You fee, Sir, "by this Thort ac of his troop. that wellefahow, worthy of admiration count, fubordination C : is, among the troops-of blifhed body, that are fo inviolably attachthe Helocric L the fervice of our King, and how much : ed to it in force feel the happy effeéts thole that o keep ofit. (tTo - 1.1 317 The action : of thefe foldiers, which was really vo well deferves that their names an heroiç one, SY: . to pofterity, 115 fhould be tranfmitted no : tolsb 344 T Sider ite Baron dé Pormenf imparted to 5 In-1754, of upon à a dilcovery into me his intention going the Malfppi.and the weft of Lotifana, up which are unthe river Milouris, the fouirces'of - us. This officer, who is a Catulan - known'to for undertaking fuch an has the proper qualities TE arofe between expédition 5 but the war which and on account, of the D. bounda- C Eyanie Tngland, - iu ries y J31 IN 6 : P His name was, Regrilts --- Page 327 --- LOU I S I A N A, ries:of, thele. countries, has, been' 315. the execution of thsprojed, an obftacle to, Ican affureyou, that Ifhould 31 T6 aGCt L : Aml have been happy to, accompany thim,, both for the, very, of my. King, and for myown honour notwithfanding the latisfaction, for, tindergone in. fatigues and dangers I have my voyages, I have never been difguitedior tired out of patience. pals like dreams, and I fee norhing. Misfortunes fo the life of a traveller; he hagpy as objedts,. which conftantly fees new fame time, inftruet and * amuier him at the able His mind is cultivated in an. manner, he learns to read the agreethe univerfe, which great book of where there cannot be read ina are.as many fyftems, opinions, library, contradictions, as authors, If. and place, you would have. you were in my phical reflections, room to make philofoI am, SIR, &cc. At the fort fombekbi, the 30thof Septenber 1759. P.S. As 0 I A0 may. perhaps not meet with an 4 portunity of writing to you this good opaccount of the war, I fhall add while, on concerning the differences here an abftract which have arifen betweeh opinions, library, contradictions, as authors, If. and place, you would have. you were in my phical reflections, room to make philofoI am, SIR, &cc. At the fort fombekbi, the 30thof Septenber 1759. P.S. As 0 I A0 may. perhaps not meet with an 4 portunity of writing to you this good opaccount of the war, I fhall add while, on concerning the differences here an abftract which have arifen betweeh --- Page 328 --- 3168 T.R AVAELS THROGGN athe Chastatissues Some time afrer: tween usand: the war with the Tehikachas or Chickfasos, the" French had fome quatrels with a party off Chac who followed the intereft à ofia prinee of tauis, their! nation called the Red Shoe, who was cinfos ànd committed feveral hoftilities againft the 3 lent, Frencho M: de Vaudreuily then gavernor of Lowais ifiana, having heard of: this aation, and what" forbidi call ithem gave: occafion: to itpi immediately French toi goitoct that' nation, andi 1 commanded orcammunition, them 1 not to: fell them.any'arms' - thefel 3 commotions foon; and" in 2 order. to iftop: madi ebam 169111 without bloodfhed:s 205041 Mie noiet hoisibnon 6 ni jon 9T3V ofwr dometoriros The Marquis de Vaudreiil, after thefe precai.o1 tions, fent to the fovereign of the nation, to in- Y whether he was:angry with the French, as quire: by means a thes Red Shoes the faveteign.anfweredy that he wasthe friend lofthesi of the interpreter, Prince Red.l Freuchs that his generaly meaning his fenfesroqi 2irs datwr bogperla Shoe, haddioft dasiq 360t bluos siupaM aotg 1onil 6 roqu was.M After thisi ahfwer," he: gor a prefentabut X much-furprifed to. find-neither arins nor powderi I andifnotinit, at atime when he wasiour friend 1d This proceeding) together withithe as before. of felling them à arms, . whichitt they: 4 prohibition been iffued out, redoubled their aftoknew had nifhment, T a asiq 360t bluos siupaM aotg 1onil 6 roqu was.M After thisi ahfwer," he: gor a prefentabut X much-furprifed to. find-neither arins nor powderi I andifnotinit, at atime when he wasiour friend 1d This proceeding) together withithe as before. of felling them à arms, . whichitt they: 4 prohibition been iffued out, redoubled their aftoknew had nifhment, T a --- Page 329 --- LOU.1 S I 1 AVN A.r nifbment, i andi with the brought them tollantie explications people would- governor, who itold them, not: treat awith that-ourl; arms.and chem 0 - asi ammunitiony cohcérhingt hadi not found his Wits dong. as i the Red Shoes gor powder, théy could again'; bedaufes ifit theyi thers,t to not hclp; givea: a fhare:o of it being all bro-: of captain or chief Red to: the warriors mined Shoe. C This of: them: to ipeak to the anfwer n detera uss they, told, them, if tribes thatinfulted then calumet they: didi not foon would to: the Erench, go with 3 go.to war. : againft théy themfelves i threat made them alk them J as rebels. This ai ration to the French, peace, and offerla to fuftain a war who were not in a condition repasiw againt fo i 9t noDarT oifs to numerous an nation:T Thus Mi de Vaudreuil, nglarovol ptir 03 305) enolt puta ftop toithis-war, asav wile politician, sup ftate, and without expences to the d M. Ae ettourespafing a fingle man; it was 3 was charged Granipri, ai captain of our with this important troops, whot Marquis could not pitch negociations the M. de: Granipré upon a fitter King with ist a Caradian, and ferves perfon. zeal, che. 1 was bravery, rand n upon 1 the point 2of difintereftediefse him d atid Fort Tiomiokté going to ferve under uC when-t-fieft arrived here: among the PS * ind Chaltasis, ofls tisdi bsldurebst 1751 3o nnidricn nsmdliat au0 aun noods otr wOCA LET. --- Page 330 --- TRAVELS THROUGH L E. T. T E R XIX. To the fame. . dme O5V Nr N returns To Mobile. Remarkabls Events TheAuthor in the Cat's Ifle. Tragic Death which happened of that ifle. of the Sieur Duroux governor S I R, returned from my voyage K Al M now Thave fulthe river of Tembekbé up and troublefome filled this important . fatisfaction of my fuperiors. In miflion, to.the Nezo Orleans, my curiowaiting for my recal to little ifles on the coaft of fity led me. to vifit the Louifana. was the firft where the The ifle of MaJacre It got its name French made any fettlements. landed there, becaufe the French, when they fkeletons of human found a great quantity but the river of Tembekbé up and troublefome filled this important . fatisfaction of my fuperiors. In miflion, to.the Nezo Orleans, my curiowaiting for my recal to little ifles on the coaft of fity led me. to vifit the Louifana. was the firft where the The ifle of MaJacre It got its name French made any fettlements. landed there, becaufe the French, when they fkeletons of human found a great quantity but --- Page 331 --- "E"o"U f S - but could not diftinguif whethér they were of Spamiards or" Tridians. Ir has" fince been called the Datphin ifle. Tt wàs peopled by degrees; ; : they' bulle a fort, and ne magazines, : barracks there. .n ! om n It muft not be'confounded with that which is in the relation of the! firit voyage of the Eaft India mentioned to the ife of Madagafcar, which they called company ly the Dauphin's illand. too precipitateThe author ofthis relation, who wrotein done that fame 1665, and had who' voyage, agrees that the Englifh and were" already eftablifhed in. India, were the Datch, which M, de Colbert propofed to imitate, and models furpafs; but all the projects of that worthy afterwards to abortive, both bythe minifter proved imprudence and vanity peculiar to nation, and by the mifmanagement of'thofe who the head of affairs. were atthe The fame authcr adds, that he found cc <E and only there violent unfkilfelmen, ill chofen 66 cupation officers, incapablé ofthe OCthey were intended for; whereas e have been men above the coarfer they bught to 66 inclinations than for the paflions, with no other € good of their country, which ought to be the rule by yhich every one 66 who wifhes to himfelf fhould be guided acquit with honcur." 39 It feems to me, that this ufefullefon fhould be to'the hearts ofall'thofe who goi to our. colonies graved with inauthority. fome Ibave --- Page 332 --- TRAVELS THROUGH the entrance of the harbour was In 1717, quantity of fand, ftopped up by a prodigious the whole ide colleéted together by a hurricane; of almoft and great numbers was overflowed, to feek câttle were drowned; it was neceffary and they chofe the ifle Surgere, another port, been called Ship Mand; it has a which has fince M. de Biewville good harbour. In 1722 pretty. one from thence to New Ortranfporied évery became the capital of Lotileans, and that place fana. from the Ship Ifland is the Cats Six leagues of the number of wild Ife, fo called on account there. This ife is cats which have been found murders and remarkable on account of the only which have been committed there durobberies of two officers, who were fent ring the command of Louifiana. thither by M. de Kerlerec, governor the Sieur Duroux chief In 1757, he appointed him a detachcommander of this ifle, and gave ment 1 have chofen this piece of hitory as an example, in which our fimilarity with what is feen every day has a particular and intendants, colonies. There are, however, with governors thofe who have got forthatmuft not be confounded odious manner, from the putunes with rapidity, and in an unhappy people. blie miferies, and from the blood of many erec, governor the Sieur Duroux chief In 1757, he appointed him a detachcommander of this ifle, and gave ment 1 have chofen this piece of hitory as an example, in which our fimilarity with what is feen every day has a particular and intendants, colonies. There are, however, with governors thofe who have got forthatmuft not be confounded odious manner, from the putunes with rapidity, and in an unhappy people. blie miferies, and from the blood of many --- Page 333 --- O U L S. I N. ment of troops from the A. 321 Swifs regiment of Halusl. marines, and from the The Sieur Dureux was no than he looked fooner come thithers immediately affumed upon himfelf as abfolutes he den made by the the right of haying a likewiie employed foldiers of the garrifon; gar- he from ihells, and them to make for him lime thems and thofe who charcoal, bur he never paid vexations, weré faftened refufed to fubmit to theie and expofed to theinfupportable quite naked to a tree, maringoins or gnats. This attacks of the which the officer made the was the punifment fon foldiers of his undergo; an unworthy garripled even among barbarians. treatment, unexamThe Sieur Duroux obliged bread of the flour faved them to make their Spanifh thip, which was from the wreck of a fold for his own loft on the coaft; and tended for the ufe of account the che King's flour, ined bad ulage from this garrifon. This repeatfome commander, foldiers to go to New determined complain to the Orleans, in order to ed fome of the governor, bad to whom they fheweats but M. de Kerlerec bread they were forced t9o juf paid no regard to their Vora remontlrances, L and fent them u A0e Y back at tho a diferetion --- Page 334 --- TRAYELS TAR OUGH 322 C difcretion, of their commander: Theni thefe wretches, fearing his refentment, refolved ta make, an example,of him, which they executed in, ceremony., ybodon vd boumnges eay a L norbe L to sent maill colra.timonnmtoss out a One, day, when that officer was gone hunting, in a neighbouring little-ifle, thei revolted troop) took their meafures for. executing their, plot, which was to murder thea Sieur Duroux, So ftrange a refolution could-only be occafioned by theirs not having obtained the del fired juftice from the governor. If ran officer fuperior to M.Duroux had been fent in his'place; and the latter.left to command as the fecond officer, this misfortune: would have been avoid: mpte 1 amot 1f H1 12 ed. du Emaxe t0 ain C from 37 hunting, the fentinel, As he returned the. boat ati fea, hoifted the French flag, petceiving which the. garrifon took to arms, and went Epon into the field. The rebellious foldiers adout to the fhore with their corporal at their vancing called.tojthe boat by means ofi a fpeakhead,. according to cuftom; the Sieur ing trumpet, c Comuander;". he lands; and Duroux anfwered, he fets his foot on fhore, the corporal gives as the fignal, and at the fame inftant the foldiers firc, and their commander falls, pierced with wounds : garrifon took to arms, and went Epon into the field. The rebellious foldiers adout to the fhore with their corporal at their vancing called.tojthe boat by means ofi a fpeakhead,. according to cuftom; the Sieur ing trumpet, c Comuander;". he lands; and Duroux anfwered, he fets his foot on fhore, the corporal gives as the fignal, and at the fame inftant the foldiers firc, and their commander falls, pierced with wounds : --- Page 335 --- UroUi 2 s I A N A. wounds; the foldiers theri threw his corpfe into the fea, ftripped him, and rial and the Such was the bupunifhment of this who was regretted by nobody, petty tyrant, other recommendation for he had no Thiton, the than that of the Sieur diers, become governor's firft fecretary. The folmafters of the ille, fet an inhabitant whofe name was at liberty been unjuftly Beaudrot, who had er: The Sieur imprifoned by the late command. Duroux had affumed the legesof an admiral of France, and privifhare with the foldiers and pretended to they fhould fave of any veffel inhabitants all chat Cats Hfand; and all that wrecked upon the fhare S werel feverely refufed to pay him his committed fome punithed, as if they had crime of Beaudrot; great he crime. This was the he would not fhare was put in irons becaufe mander, which he had fome goods with the comar Spamtfi thip called favéd from the wréck of wrecked on the ife in' the Sitaatt, which was sr 1r avrontas 1758. The foldiers who had killed M. ving afterwards Durons, hathe pillaged the effeêts - King in the Cats ift, took belonging to whom they had fet frec, and the inhabirant bring then into the obliged hini to of Carolina. road-to the Engiith colony When they errivedi in the: Y 2 country of --- Page 336 --- TRAVELS THROUG H Indian, chief, whom the Europeans of. a great of the Kawytas, they, fent have ftiled Emperor back Beaudrot with a certificate, which proved that he had been, obliged to ferve them as a Part of this troopa went towards the guide, but thofe who remained among the InEnglifhs foon feized by order ofM, de Monidians, were of the fort at the Allibaberatt, then governor of mons 5 among this laft party was a, corporal of Hakwyl, who, inorder to avoid the regiment ufual among the being fawed afunder, as is which he Swifs, killed himfelf with, a. knife, from his neck, as the Indians do. wore hung an officer I of the garrifon, was M. de Beaudin, in order to conduct the fent with a detachment, this interval, the criminals to Mobile. During from New two fons of Beaudrot arrived at Mobile and brought, without knowing it,. ai Orleans, to M. de Velle, who order from the governor their father; commanded at Mobile, for arrefting who was in his habitation with great fecurity; he without reluétance, not knowreturned to prifon whom he had guided were ing that the deferters the criminals to taken. M. de Velle tranfmitted New Orleans, where a court-martial was held to judge them, M Beaudrot from New two fons of Beaudrot arrived at Mobile and brought, without knowing it,. ai Orleans, to M. de Velle, who order from the governor their father; commanded at Mobile, for arrefting who was in his habitation with great fecurity; he without reluétance, not knowreturned to prifon whom he had guided were ing that the deferters the criminals to taken. M. de Velle tranfmitted New Orleans, where a court-martial was held to judge them, M Beaudrot --- Page 337 --- LoUI's T A N Pmd Biaudrot A. 325 the inhabitant, for derers of the guiding the murced to be broke governor of Cats Hle, was fentento be thrown upon the wheel, and his into the river, which corpfe ingly executed; a foldier fuffered was accord. nifhment, and a Swils was the fame puthe middle of his fawed alive through body. When one refleêts upon the fate of the Py Beaudrot, it is eaily unhap. judged contrary to form, perceived that he was who were ignorant of civil and by military men, he could not have deferved and criminal laws, as which he underwent. the cruel punifhment for preferving If politics require that left unpunifhed, public fafety, no crime fhould be juftice demands in favour humanity, that the judge fhould of afraid of always be more punithing too much than' too according to the axiom, It is better littlé, dred guilty men than to let an hunnocent man. ecape, to piumifa one fngle inD . If the man ought to be ferve as an example, punifhed in order to punithment aecording to this' law, the might have been vour of his wife and four mitigated in fa death threw into the children, whom his the four children greateft defolation; was a girl of an, admirable among Y 3 figure, --- Page 338 --- 326 TRAVELS TEROUGH who was admired in the whole colony figure, and ftill more for her virtue; for her beauty; this charming Creole, and the reft ofthe family, retired into an habitation far' from the comare of men; to lament the death of their unmerce happy father. This unhappy man had been fuccefsfully emin fome important negociations with the ployed Indians, with whom he was in high efteem: He fpoke their language, and, from experience, he knew the fituation of the country as wellas themlelves. Hehad likewife an extraordinary bodily ftrength. All thefe qualitics hadrfo far gained him the efteern and friendfhip ofi theChaglaws, who had adopted him into their nation, that they would certainly have: revolted on his account, had not M. deVelle * wifely taken his and execution care to kecp imprifonment from coming to their knowledge. 5i5 L dor J 011 Imw After the tragic death of the Sieur Duroux, M. Ge Kerlerec fxed upon the Sieur de Cha-- to fucceed to the command of the Cats MAand. That well, having y This officer knows that nation perfealy the Indians been governor of Tonbekbé for feveral years; efteemed him much on account of his bravery and dinntereled behgviour. ely taken his and execution care to kecp imprifonment from coming to their knowledge. 5i5 L dor J 011 Imw After the tragic death of the Sieur Duroux, M. Ge Kerlerec fxed upon the Sieur de Cha-- to fucceed to the command of the Cats MAand. That well, having y This officer knows that nation perfealy the Indians been governor of Tonbekbé for feveral years; efteemed him much on account of his bravery and dinntereled behgviour. --- Page 339 --- LOU I S A. ths That officer fet out-from New Orleans in. with a garrifon compofed of foldiers. and 1758, tants of the capitals but the, inhabitants inhabiall-v vagrants, whom the were own flead, with the magiftrates fent in their fervice of the governor's confent, for the place, Tot (9g0d a Thefe vagabonds ftayed in the Gats 1 long as thofe citizens Hle as lit was to guard the paid them, whofe bufinefs place. You may well imagine, that a body of fuch who A alternately, relieved-in troops; are not their pofts, : thei rule of fervice, take according to fchemesi for opportunities to lay deferting, as it has happened in many ftations of Louifiana. : an O no L In March. 1759 therel a this appeared, in fight of ifland, a three-mafted - M. St. Crits a'merchant; fhip, belonging to who had at the Havannahs her bought her coffee, cargo confifted in fugar, taffias, cables, and fome warlike The crew were merely Spanifh ftores. abandoned failors, who Captain St. Crig upon thel coaft:of Louifana: near Balifes this obliged him oto embark in his long-boat, with a few men who mained with him. He arrived at Nw reand addreffed Orlsani, himfelf to M. de Belt-lAe, fortmajor and commander. during the governor's Y 4 ablence; --- Page 340 --- 328 TRAVEL L S THROUGH abfence, he this. officer to give him peo2 begged ple, in order to go out in feaich- ofi his. fhip, which could oply be loft on the: coaft of thel Gats 195791 Hour a Mend. de 7 oil d Nr Elon M.de Belle-Ine gave the Sieun St. Crig aniine telligent ferjeant and ten foldiers, to navigate his fhips at the fame time he wrote to the Sieur C : S That if this fhip were loft near his c ftation, he fhould immediately placea guard 6 on her, and forbid, under pain of death, that Se nothing fhould be unloaded out of her, 1 withC6 out the confent cf the Sieur St. Crigy the pros prictor : and laftly, that he fhould: noti fail C to conform to the orders.of the King'simarine, Gc fpecified under the title Shiprureck, " 8zc. Unhappily for the. Sieur St. Crig theadvice: of M. de Belle-Ipe came too late; the Sieur de G-i had already taken care to have the cargoof the ibip unloaded by the, foldiers and inhabitants, who hid is in the neighbouring fands;, they tookrall the neceffary precautions to cover this trick. The Sieur St. Crig arrived at the Cats Ife, put the major's letter into the commander's hands, and, then went into his fhip with his people in. order to fearch her; but perceiving that he had forgotten his pocket-book, in which he had the bill of lading, he left her immediately, and G 005 0000d wenE the cargoof the ibip unloaded by the, foldiers and inhabitants, who hid is in the neighbouring fands;, they tookrall the neceffary precautions to cover this trick. The Sieur St. Crig arrived at the Cats Ife, put the major's letter into the commander's hands, and, then went into his fhip with his people in. order to fearch her; but perceiving that he had forgotten his pocket-book, in which he had the bill of lading, he left her immediately, and G 005 0000d wenE --- Page 341 --- LrO UHI S I A N A. went on fhore to fetch it: a Providence ! he was but happy accident of when his thip juft come on fhore, fuch fuddenly took fire, and burnt fiercenefs, that three with hold were burnt to men who were in the ped by throwing death : the others only efcathemfelves into the fwimming on fca, and fhore * Tr: e 1112 0 To : : DF sm is - rldl The Sieur St. bar f TeCs but after Crig complined to M.de a Kerled the longd delay, the captain to terminate his governor obliged Sieun de Cag the Tatter quarrel with the fum of 1500 livres. giving the former the called This to Neto Orleans, commanider being redebaucherics, that he gave himfelf up to fuch feantlalized the whole coloR dair ny. At the time when the Sieur & with M. de BelE-TR, and Si. Crig reclaimed his de to take received his orders S thip care of the addreffed to M. govérnor of the Cats Ife prefervation ofthe 5 That, on wrote to) M.: de cargo, Pehe 6c fuch day, a fhip Billi-lhe himfelf: fight of his- fation, wvith, three mafts was 46 ceiving and he having made loftin d who any anfwer, he took ittn figns withour re36 kept his men in clofe belong to the edi thel boat quarters ; that hc enemy, 56 with all his belonging to his fation, and having arm66 peated fgnal, peaple, after getting no. anfiver going into it s foul in her, came on board the flhips but lipon a rè6c found and the cargo taken found no: living a cut cable out of hers he k was bored for upon the deck, and fay that only twepty-fir gups. the fhip re36 kept his men in clofe belong to the edi thel boat quarters ; that hc enemy, 56 with all his belonging to his fation, and having arm66 peated fgnal, peaple, after getting no. anfiver going into it s foul in her, came on board the flhips but lipon a rè6c found and the cargo taken found no: living a cut cable out of hers he k was bored for upon the deck, and fay that only twepty-fir gups. the fhip --- Page 342 --- TRAVELS THROUGHI When he had confumed all that he had ny. gained by his iniquitous practices, he went on board a Dutch Ohip from Curagao, ar colony belonging to that republic. The opinions are divided upon thes clandeftine evafion of this offilcers fome believe, that he efcaped inn orderito which his crimes defer1 avoid the punifhments vedsi others think he was charged with papers from the 3 the event will deto court governors termine this.i oiwe nbol d baliol rasd s30 soh O Dyer sisom 2ud ITL DA uron by this reftitution nof Ls - It is fufficiently proved 1590 livres ont the part: of the Sieur de. Gst, that this commander had pillaged the fhip of 60,000 livres by it, Captain £ St. Crigs getting according to his own confeflion: to the Sieur. la Perliere, who fucceeded him in the government of Cats. Hand. He has however efcaped the capunifhment which this, piracy deferved L, pital For the quoted order fays, 66 That all who fhall and 66 endanger the life of fhipwrecked perfons, sc lay hands upon their goods, fhall bé punithed K with death." This crime is fo enormous, that, though one were not a Chriftian, natural religion to the fruits of his * The Sieur de C-, hoping enjoy that in iniquity in France, died there as he had lived, is, a debauch, by a decree of Providence, --- Page 343 --- LIO UTI - S I A N A. religion engages us toaffitt the unhappy in time of danger. Such were the officers in whom "the governor of Louifana put confidence. lagd au We have 197 Jnal 00 nunol juft received advice, that a party of warriors ofi the nation of Cherokees, commanded by their chief of war called Wolf, have the fort London taken that the belonging to Great Britain, and Englith governor of it, M. has been killed by the Indians, who have Damery, in his mouth, faying, You put earth fo very greedy of dog, fince you are earth, be fatisfied and with it; they have doné the fame to others. gorged 2 If Ido not fet out for Ou Ast France, I thall write to you from New Orleans, concerning the difcord between the two chiefs of the colony, M. de Kerlerec the governor, and M. de Rochemore the ardomnateur. In am, S IR, &c, odi Ld Issie 3UIC di Fort Mobile, the IOi ef Tantiary 1760, L'ET , be fatisfied and with it; they have doné the fame to others. gorged 2 If Ido not fet out for Ou Ast France, I thall write to you from New Orleans, concerning the difcord between the two chiefs of the colony, M. de Kerlerec the governor, and M. de Rochemore the ardomnateur. In am, S IR, &c, odi Ld Issie 3UIC di Fort Mobile, the IOi ef Tantiary 1760, L'ET --- Page 344 --- TRAVELS TIROUCH 03 E yen 07 divesi bnomab 03 iot atgunme OI11S J0L Assin T R XX. wotolt a snogiobnil 2C1 sdatrostinopaa To tha Jame. st nlonae asibae tjbbe odl mtd ban 363 CV BO' 1uuno) The Author goes to New Orleans. Caufe of the Place: Moving 4 Troubles which agitate that Relation ef M. de Belle-Ille's- Captivity aniong Curious Animals and falutary the Attakapas: 021 se Simples to be. met with in Louifana: a S R," toi Date a HAVE fo much news to communi2E nicate to you, that. I know not where A to from Tomi- - -to begin : I wrote you 4. bekbé, that every thing was in confufion in the indeed every body talks of quarrels and capital; avidity, and intereft are every. where divifions,s the torch of: difcord. As I neither have, lighting in all thefe quarrels, and nor will have, any- part fervice cannot fatisfy Zeal for the king's as I my 1S in diforder, ip this colony, where every thing I have --- Page 345 --- L.O.U 1SI A I A. Ihave not ceafed to demand leave to France. The moft faithful return to do their fubjeéts, who will dury, are contradiéted and and their zeal is rewarded with the moft difgraced; cruel perfecutions. But without enquiring into the fufferings of a number of brave minutely moft of them ftill alive, I fhall officers, thofe which M. de only peak of Belle-Ile has undergone. This worthy officer, whofe probity and conduét have gained him the unqueftionable teem of all good will and efworthy men, and cipecially of the general officers, fuch as M. de Perier, M. de Bienville, and the Marquis de Vauereuil, &c. well ferves that I fhould tell deheard it from himfelf bisiftory, to you; having ftances. with. all its circumI fhall give you an account of what has pened during the forty-five hapthe king in this years. which he. ferved colony *, I fhall fay nothing but truth, * The hifory of M. de Belle-Tle, Chevalier of the military order of St. Louis, Major of New royal has formerly ferved as Major General of Orleenis and who marine in Leuifiara, has been inferted in the troops' of the' fiana printed at Paris in 1758. The author a Relation of Loiilonyin.1733. has forgotten the motti of it) left the coand the. facts he has mentioned, have linentinpelicumdemremn been dilowned by M. de * The hifory of M. de Belle-Tle, Chevalier of the military order of St. Louis, Major of New royal has formerly ferved as Major General of Orleenis and who marine in Leuifiara, has been inferted in the troops' of the' fiana printed at Paris in 1758. The author a Relation of Loiilonyin.1733. has forgotten the motti of it) left the coand the. facts he has mentioned, have linentinpelicumdemremn been dilowned by M. de --- Page 346 --- 334 TI R/AV ELS ITRROUGH truch, though fome: circumftances' may: appear aE 1 TE very wondrous. a 300 VTYR As I know the goodnefs of your heart, I am fure you will pity the. unhappy fate of't this poor fouls are not afhamed to fhew that: officer; great touched the misfortunes of others : they are by fenfible' even the Indians fay, that he who lis not tothe fufferings of his brothers, is unworthy of bearing the name of a man, and that he ought tobeavoided as the peft of fociety, ntol rd Bordadi VeTRNOS L te ald a00 ne BOMA 6 Crozat put Louihiana into the In 1719M.de hands of ther Weft, India company, who fent M. de Belle-Ie ema thoufand men.topeopleit. barked in one of their fhips at port TOrient, with fome other officers and volunteers, for the new colony. d The winds and currents carriedi the fhip. to the bay of.St. Bernard in the Mex: ican, gulph The captaini fent his boat on: fhorein order, to fetch water. - M. de Belle-Ileand four of his companions went: into the boat: with the captains confent. Whilit the boat re-1 turned to the fhip, the officers went a hunting : the boat came. on fhore again, and havingtaken usbmy - P in de Belle-lfe himfelf:, my relation is an abitract of a' manufeript memoir, written by that offiçer's own hand. --- Page 347 --- LeO-U-ISTE A'N A. in ther neceffary provifion of 7 frefh turned on, board without the water, rewere not yet returned. young officers, who 51T.4 : rol suug in Blanbsoog asrwon The, captain is impatient, weighs anchor fets y1 fail, leaving the fives and Their agitation and paffengers on fhore. turned to the fhore anxiety, à when they red: and found the boat and gone, may well be imagined. Thus thip doned in an unknown being aban-? long time country, they erred for a upon the defart coaft, on one fide, and a having the fea of cannibals country inhabited by a nation on the other. They did ture to quit the marhy fhores of the not venwere in fuch delpair of fea'; they their misfortunes finding a remedy for do: this alone that they knew not what to their fenfes; was capable to make them lofe and then the into the hands of thoughr of falling gination of thefe cannibals, troubled the ima young Europeans. along the fhore in the miftaken They went' fhip was gone to the weft, opinion, that the mercy, and imploring divine complaining of their fate. They lived upon infeéts and herbs, tinhappy whether they were good or bad 5 what not knowing troublefome to them was the abundance was moft in that place, as. they had of gnats themfelves againft them. nothing to defend They band t e seeX us 2 wektite continued feveral young Europeans. along the fhore in the miftaken They went' fhip was gone to the weft, opinion, that the mercy, and imploring divine complaining of their fate. They lived upon infeéts and herbs, tinhappy whether they were good or bad 5 what not knowing troublefome to them was the abundance was moft in that place, as. they had of gnats themfelves againft them. nothing to defend They band t e seeX us 2 wektite continued feveral --- Page 348 --- 336 TRAVELS THROUGH veral days in this fituation. M. de Belle-Ifle had from the fhip, which was taken a young dog were often very. fond of him. 2 His companions their hunger was. extempted 0 to kill hims treme: M.de Balle-Jfe gave the dog up to them, not killit himfelf; one of his combut wouid but he was fo weak, panions feized: the dogs that as he was going to ftrike with the knife, ran into theiv woods, and was the dog efcaped, officers died not feen again. The four unhappy of M. E with hunger one after another, in fight de Belle-IJles who did all he could to dig them in the earth, or ratherin the fand, with graves their fad remains his own hands, toi preferve he of wild beafts: paid from the voracioufnels over its this tribute tohumaninatineia lighing but the ftrength of his conftimiferies, nothing make him furvive them. He was tution could in order to fublift, to eat the refolute enough, he found in rotten wood. Some worins which of his comrades, he faw at days after the death fomething in his a diftance his dog holding came to mouth; he called him, the creature of him fawning, and with great demonftrations threw at his feet an opolfioms the dog joy, he would I bring thée fomehowled, as if fay, life. The opoffums are good thing to fupport M. eating, and of the fize of a fucking pig. de --- Page 349 --- - 1 J I S I de Belle-ie A. dog, looked having abour to other company than his for- food night he always made every where. At the foot ofa a little intrenchmnent at againit the tree, in order to fuelter wild beafts. One himfelf came near the place, where. day a tyger * watched by his fide; he faw he fept; his dog at it with a. prodigious the tyger, and ran awoke, and howl. M. de let haftened to his Bell-lfe the dog loole, but had alifances the tyger malter was obliged to kill wounded him : his turn mac, and afterwards him, left he thould being left alone in this he eat him. Then bis knees, defart place, he feil on lified.mp his hands to thanked the heaven, and Almighty for now; and religning himlelf preferving him till went into the to Providence he He foon found country in order to feck for men. to the banks of foor-fteps, and followed he croffes a river, where them the river in it. On the finding a piragua, ivere fome Indians, oppolite fhore they were of the drying human. fefh.and VoL. I. nation of the Alh; Z Aiakegas t, * they i. e. the By this bronun miit always be underftood the cat of P. Anerican Cagacuera of Pijo and Symepft %f Dgid. P. 179, and tyger, the Margrase in their Nat. I + This name fignifies Hf. Brafl. men-caters among the American nations. ome Indians, oppolite fhore they were of the drying human. fefh.and VoL. I. nation of the Alh; Z Aiakegas t, * they i. e. the By this bronun miit always be underftood the cat of P. Anerican Cagacuera of Pijo and Symepft %f Dgid. P. 179, and tyger, the Margrase in their Nat. I + This name fignifies Hf. Brafl. men-caters among the American nations. --- Page 350 --- TRAVELS UTHROUCH towards M: de Belle-IRes whom they they went he was Ilean she took for 1 a ghoft, becaufe being to his mouth, and made fignsiof 2 pointed The Indians would not kill him be20 hungry: lean : théy offered him catife he was excéllively n fifli, of fomerl humamf flefh, buta the preferred which he éat greedily. 2 The Indians looked at ftripped him naked and di91 this: cloathed man; themfelves; they then vided chis cloaths, among fatten Chim to their village in order to 01 carried the fortune to become en him. VE There-he had good recovered his thel. dog.* * of:a an old widow. He ftrengeh gradhally ; but - was extremely fad, apprehending, that his hofts would conftantly him to their. falfe deities, and afterwards facrifice of his Aefh; his imagination was make a feaft of the feafts with the terrible fight 90 always ftruck barbarians made of the flefh of their 26 which thole of war, which In capnot help Ifatteft prifoners at; whilfT relate it. n He always exa fhuddering receive a' blow with the club, as foon peéted to held a counlasthe hhonld bel lfat. nol Ehe Indians sill.bns woinrroonate RE hs nonun cil, dy 140 Whenit theyi take an enemy in the wars, théy.make a 014 tions. feaft and eat bis Reth. They commonly, live upon hold ffh augrei: drink the Cafine: They, can ipcak by, figns, and 1 and converfations. long pantomine out 5 9gDi yoonA o 1eai EX od p0nt 10:11 onld bel lfat. nol Ehe Indians sill.bns woinrroonate RE hs nonun cil, dy 140 Whenit theyi take an enemy in the wars, théy.make a 014 tions. feaft and eat bis Reth. They commonly, live upon hold ffh augrei: drink the Cafine: They, can ipcak by, figns, and 1 and converfations. long pantomine out 5 9gDi yoonA o 1eai EX od p0nt 10:11 1 An expreffion which fignifica,fatr --- Page 351 --- Lroi U I S I7A NTA. 339 eil) in which they refolved that it wculd fhamefiil and be cowardly to kill a man, that did not come to them to do any harm, but to demandi their hofpitality ; in confequence of this refolution, he remained a flave Re The firt days of his of the widow. a heavy lavery, though it was not caufe one, were very difagrecable to him, behel was obliged to take care of the little children of thefer men-eaters, and to them on his fhoulders, which was carry. him'; for he was naked very troublefome to like them; more cloaths than were fufficient having no nakednefs leis to make his indecent ; but the widow abovementioned, having taken. him under her tion, hel was better treated in the protec11 a00t fequel d As M. de Bell-Ile was and 3 acquitted himfelf young ftrong, he very. well of his fundtions a flave, and even gained the as miftrefs fo good graces of his much, that the adopted him, and he was then fet at liberty, and looked upon as one belonging to the nation. He foon learnt the manner of converfing in pantomimes, and the art of ufing the bow and arrows as well could do it. 1 They took him into as they where he fhewed them his the wars, dexterity, one of-their by killing enemiès with an arrow in their fence, he was then preacknowledged. a true warrior. Z 2 An- --- Page 352 --- TRAVELS THROUGH dri: Another Indian having killed a roebuck, they fleth of the man and the roe, to make ufe ed the their One day ofit as provifions on expeditions: Belle-IRe being hunM.de as they were walking, to eat. J An Indian gry, afked for foinething flefh, faying it was of the gave him fome human eat of it without roe-buck. M. de Belle-Ie afterwards the cheat; and the Indian knowing thou didf maké difficulty, faid to him : Formerly as twell as oitbut now thou canfe eat man's pelhi threw up : at thefe words. M. de Belle-Ife fekves a WA xuol all he had eaten. oal Leoi Maup ba 311 afterhis captivity, fome deAbout two years from a nation puties arrived at the Atakapas, A kind. who fent them the calumet of peace. care ! a This nation lived in New providential of the NatchiMexico, and were the neighbours de Saint Denjs comtoches, where M. de Hucheros the who was beloved and reipected by manded, they lived on deputies of this nation, though ground. After attentively confidering Spanith they told the Attakapas, that in M. de Belle-IRe, came, therc were the country from whence they faid he was white men like him: the Aitakapas the great whom they had found towards a dog, were ftarved to death; lake, where his comrades him to their habications, that they had brought where M. de Hucheros the who was beloved and reipected by manded, they lived on deputies of this nation, though ground. After attentively confidering Spanith they told the Attakapas, that in M. de Belle-IRe, came, therc were the country from whence they faid he was white men like him: the Aitakapas the great whom they had found towards a dog, were ftarved to death; lake, where his comrades him to their habications, that they had brought where --- Page 353 --- LiO U IS I A N A. where a woman had made him: 341 : they had taken him her Alave; that which they, to war againft a nation had diltinguifhed conquered in a battle, and that he fhewed himfelf on that them his fkill in occafion, and killed one of their fending an arrow, which for that reafon adverlaries; : that they had as a warrior., adopted him, and received him Gamt M This officer, who heard their did as if he took no. notice of converfation, ately conceived the idea it; and immedi. of country: : he took one of the Indian returning"to his part; and queftioned him much deputies amen he had. feen. M. de about the white preferved his commiffion Belle-Ile had luckily fome ink with foot, in a box; he made the and wrote with a following words : < crow-quill 56 white To the frf men. Ia am fuch chicf of the c doned at the and fuch a perfon, aban66 died of bay of St. Bernard; my comrades C face, hunger and wretchednels and I am before my This captive at the unhappy officer gave his Altakunpas. Indian, telling him it was. fome commiffion to the that, by prefenting it to the chief (peaking of paper; his country, he would be the French.in Indian believed, that this well received. The divine in it, letter had becaufe it was to fpeak for fomething him Z 3 to the --- Page 354 --- TRAVEI L's TEROUGH the French. His countrymen wanted to take it from him ; but he efcaped by fwimming acrofs a river ; and left he fhould wet the letter, he held it upin the air. This Indian, after a journey of one hundred and Afty leagues, arrived at the Naichitoches 09a an Indian nation: The French commander there at that time being M. Hucheros de St. Dexis, an' officer of diflinétion, khown for having made the firit journey over land from Lowifana to Mexico, where he married the Spavifa goverhor's nicce. The Indian gave him M.de Belle-Ife's letter, and M. de St. Denis received him very well, and made him many prefents'; : aftcr which, this officer began to' cry after the manner of the Indians, who afked what ailed him? He anfwered, he wept for his brother who was a captive anong the Attakapas. As M. de Saint Denis was in great efteem with the nations about him, the Indian who' brought the letter promifed to fetchi M. de Belle-lfle, and fome other Indians joined him. M. de Saint Denis gave them fome fhirts' and a hat for M. de Belle-IRe, and they fet out immediately, ten in number, on horfeback, and armde ed * A ftation near Mexico. There is a fettlement of Indians pa the Rirviere Rouge, or Red-river. Attakapas. As M. de Saint Denis was in great efteem with the nations about him, the Indian who' brought the letter promifed to fetchi M. de Belle-lfle, and fome other Indians joined him. M. de Saint Denis gave them fome fhirts' and a hat for M. de Belle-IRe, and they fet out immediately, ten in number, on horfeback, and armde ed * A ftation near Mexico. There is a fettlement of Indians pa the Rirviere Rouge, or Red-river. --- Page 355 --- L.0U ISII I A NyA ed with guns; promifing tor M.de return in two maons time with his Saint Demisto, horfe, which they led with them. brotherupona aD latte istty as On arriving at the Astakapas, Tr u their fire-arms feveral they difcharged which the other Indians times, the explofion of they gave M.de Belle took to be thunder: Denis, which Ile the letter of M. de Saint fear.svith thofe mentioned, that he had nothing to forchand that he Indians, and that he rejoiced bethis letter fhould fee him. Thejoy which gave to the officer is however he feared that the inexpretible, pofe his departure. But the Attekepas would optation made him. chief of the depuwent off with his get quickly on horfeback, and being whole, troop. The frightened with the Aitakapas did not report of the venture to fay any and mufkets, who bad adopted M. thing, the woman Thus this officer de Belle-lle Ahed tears. might otherwife efcaped from a captivity, which have lafted as long as: his life.; ar The Indian who carried off M, de as proud as Hermando Cortez Belle-Bewas Montezauma, the laft when, he; €1 conquered arrived at the emperor of Mexico. They de Saint Denis there; Natchitaches, but did not find M. for he.was gone to. Biloxis, Z 4 which --- Page 356 --- L < L V ELS THROUGH which was then the. chief, place of Louifiana, RA New Orl:ans bcing aot yet built. noti rOs Wia Tu E 1 cdy M.4'Oruiliers, a who Lon51t commanded at the Natfila chitoches WA in M. Saint Denits ablence, fent M.de Belle-Ifle and his efcort to C M. de Biemville, then governor of Louifana. That general embraced to fee him, and liberally rehim, being happy 1e warded bis. deliverers. Every one. compliment35 ed him,on his cicape from this captivity, M. de - Biewville gave 1 himn a fuit of cloaths. à E 3 300 A 9SLI 49e00 This officer has fince been very ufefui to thé governor, by his knowledge of the: cuftoms of the Attakapas, whom the Spaniards of Nep Meuico could BE never fubdue, 2s they have done with the other nations of their empire. haine ls Ws D 76 M. de Biewville fent a prefent to the Arakapas, a and - another to the widow who had adopted and 5 protedted M. de Belle-Ifle. Thefe people, who did not expect this genieronM fty from the governor, fent ambaffadors's tohim thank him, and to make an alliance with the to 3 Sns alin u L 0 French. ut nwodl VTA The chief ofthe embally addrefied,the following fpecch to, M.de Bieraillt, which M: de, Aele-lReintarpretel; 53 My lG uS.T nt Of father, the widow who had adopted and 5 protedted M. de Belle-Ifle. Thefe people, who did not expect this genieronM fty from the governor, fent ambaffadors's tohim thank him, and to make an alliance with the to 3 Sns alin u L 0 French. ut nwodl VTA The chief ofthe embally addrefied,the following fpecch to, M.de Bieraillt, which M: de, Aele-lReintarpretel; 53 My lG uS.T nt Of father, --- Page 357 --- LOU is A "Piachl M. de A. Bell-Tles miftrefs perfon ; fince this period the attended in been French have - humancly treated by the always haveat their delire left ofr the Auiakapas, who of cating human flefh. barbarous cuftom When the Attakepas they were well received came to Newo Orlaams, gratitude of the by all the French, in with among reception M. de Bclle-Ice had met have them; for without them, he would nions. undergone the unhappy fate of his srir - nis 25 - compafou - M. de Bioruille diverhion of fometimes procured a pantomime wich thefe himfelf the by means of M. de Belle-TIc, cannibals, pil, converfed with them who, ds their Puby takapas are armed with bows geftures, The Atrows; they cultivate and very, great armaize, as the other North 1 d duerican ve. father, the white se and blood, he was man, whom thou feeft hére, is €c united to us thy Aleih 11 were ftarved to by adoprion: His death, brochers they would live ftill and smynationiads found them fooner, enjoy the fame prerogative. 3 rcontineed The hofpitality thewn to M. de Belle-ine fault of us, that we muft regard their by the Anskapan, education, and that nature has cruelty oaly as a hmanity in their brealt, planted Hfentiments of --- Page 358 --- TRAVELS THROUGH American nations do. This part of the world,is of fuch an extent, that it has not yet been pol fible to become acquainted with all the nations in it, nor with its limits. U8 ls pe? In M. de Marigni de Mandecille *, 97 an 1759, formed the defign, with officer. of diftinction, the confent of the governor of Louihianas of manew. dilcoveries towards the ife of Baralaking of which we know the coafts but very. imrids. with this intent he made 3 general perfecly: This officer has difcovered map of the colony. with this unknown country at his own expence, indefatigable zeal, which charaéterizes a worthy who is always occupied for the glory of citizen, and the enlargement of his poffefhis prince, C fions, se Ihave endeavoured, 2 in my preceding letters, of the hiftory ofi the to give you an abridgment of its difcovery till now, country, from the time and and an idea of the fituation ofits commerce, likewife of every thing that feemed inftruétive and amufing to me. I do not believe I have thing material, I Thall now finifh omitted any our : See the Memoirs of this officer, printed at Paris,.by Guillaume Defprès, in the ruë S. Facques 1765: 2 in my preceding letters, of the hiftory ofi the to give you an abridgment of its difcovery till now, country, from the time and and an idea of the fituation ofits commerce, likewife of every thing that feemed inftruétive and amufing to me. I do not believe I have thing material, I Thall now finifh omitted any our : See the Memoirs of this officer, printed at Paris,.by Guillaume Defprès, in the ruë S. Facques 1765: --- Page 359 --- LOUIS A N A. 347 our correlpondence by fome obfervations on the natural hiftory of this colony, of which could learn nothing from the fpecial you that are relations publifhed. You muft know then, that all the fruit-trees which have been Sif,; ported thither from Europe fuccéed tranf there. M. very well Fazende, one of'the of Louifana, has fuperior council brought a lig-tree from Pro: "vence, the figs of which are tree is propagated excellent; as this all the habitations by layers, it richly fupplies with them. Among the fruit peculiar to this' country, there is' one called battledoe, it has the figure and' a cucumber. This fruit is tafteofa pickled Mobile, and it is very very common Onw about lot 6 lo refrething. Rpstto The - Ttg aud piakmine is a kind of medlar, called o2goufé by the Indians : this fruit, which is bigger than the European no red like an medlar, IS yellow'and apricot; Ît is a very" good and an excellent aftringent, and remedy to ftop the dyfentery bloody flux. The Indians make it, in the form of bread"of their ginger-bread, and dry it for long voyages * 3e Y1 tas . The ** The piakmine has yet another virtue; take a ite feeds, pound them, then infufe frefh quantity of water' upon them, which --- Page 360 --- TRAVELS THROUGH - fruit has the form and colour of The Jafmine and taites like Banian a lemon; itis odoriferous, it feeds refemble beans : they are a poifon figs : to hogs t. LA Mr Here are a number of orange and peach trees; and both the oranges and peaches are fo comthat they are left undet the mon in this colony, 9a 2o bnstuods trees to rot. 3 Kpil TOAL suids and ; and c are plum-trecs There apple-trees of which thère is whole forefts of walnut-trees; black white kind or the hiccory, and another a kinds bear nuts; they are as in Europe of both for eating; there ate likewife different goodne's the but are bita fome walnuts as big as fift, they thick and hard fhells. a There tér, having very pacannes; they is a tree which bears a fruir'called like almonds, and more delicious : are oblong daid wls 152 the muft fand upon them twenty-four hours: : ftrain the which bottle. When youare water through a cloth andkeepitina drink a glafs full of the infufion attacked with continue the gravel, to do it till you are cured t falling, and U2D, L sant This is perhaps the perlimon, dio/pyros Virginiana Linn. F., This plant feems to be one of the various kinds of anona, all-the warmer parts of North-Amarice: F. which growiover Lai TA a ade K ynl fand upon them twenty-four hours: : ftrain the which bottle. When youare water through a cloth andkeepitina drink a glafs full of the infufion attacked with continue the gravel, to do it till you are cured t falling, and U2D, L sant This is perhaps the perlimon, dio/pyros Virginiana Linn. F., This plant feems to be one of the various kinds of anona, all-the warmer parts of North-Amarice: F. which growiover Lai TA a ade K ynl --- Page 361 --- 1s L O U I S I A N A. the Indians make an oil ganitty with. ofit, to fcafon their faItis a circumftance fec.t the providence worthy. of admiration, to planted fuch of the Creator, who has kinds in a number of fruit-trees of this part of the new world, various thoufands of curious animals, There are ther by their known before neiwhich thape nor by their name, and of men of the preceding had an idea. ages have not even B Thereare-red and likewife white ter bears a white, flower, like bays; thelatceeding bulhy a tulip; it is anexto the tree, and would be an ornament gardens of European monarchs: dians call it the tree of * : the Inpeace. Near the banks a which climb fo of rivers there are vines, the high along the trees, that when grapes are taken off, they, can whole barrel full of wine from ofien,makea Thele vines a fingle ftock. grow without the wine that is made cultivation, and of them is very harfh * This is probably either the fera. Linn. or the laurus apiuelis. tuliptree, Linn. lirisdeadron talipiF. --- Page 362 --- THROUGH :. T RAVELS harfh * There are many inulbery-trees in ithe woods, and theirberries Tare very-fweet; theré tare nlikewife fome that always keep the figure ofi fhrubs, and' their berries are made ufe of for STA pES bse SLEV 2u# 1917jellies.- PoN 1005AT Jsiell rte bou 10 nntre s IThere isia tree in the woods full of fpines of fix inches in length : its wood is fo hard, that bit makes the edge of-the hatchets blunt; and fometimes breaks them." Va The Indians, by means of fire, make mortars of it to crufh their maize in.4Tlis tree bears pods about a foot long like cafhas the fruit they contain is gumand fticking, having feveral feeds like beans. my excellent and the Indians take HIt is an laxative, 141 061 moinsla it as a purge. tang-e 501 There are- refinous trees (fuch as pines, &cc.) in the woods, which produce refin and tar; : likewife many trees, from which a kind ar thereare down." vntcos 6 of.gum like turpentine runs 21F Stods narw oonafiti WII 3hes doidin doitv RIT pud wotlar 313 a 9 wunl There vana The American forels have threc kinds of vines; E the and arborea, Linn. And this, here vitis labru/ca, wvulpina, mentioned, feems to be the laft: F: + The morarrabra Linn. is' the milberry-tree, known to growin Nertk_America. F. d 6 of.gum like turpentine runs 21F Stods narw oonafiti WII 3hes doidin doitv RIT pud wotlar 313 a 9 wunl There vana The American forels have threc kinds of vines; E the and arborea, Linn. And this, here vitis labru/ca, wvulpina, mentioned, feems to be the laft: F: + The morarrabra Linn. is' the milberry-tree, known to growin Nertk_America. F. d --- Page 363 --- LO U- IS I A N A. There is a fhrub which wax-tree, and it, we call cirier, or the bears' little berries refembles an olive-tree. It like in water * and juniper, they are. melted this give a kind of wax wax is of a fine for candles ; fmell. The Sieur green, and has an aromatic mift, is the firit that Alexandre, a furgeon and cheacademy of fciences difcovered it here. 1 The difcovery. He has gave him a penfion for this of likewife found the method bleaching it, as we do bees waxin Earepe. 37 Whilf I was in from St.. Louijfiana, the inhabitants Domingo plants of got to make plantations of them, fugar-canes, in order commands the militia of M. Dabrauil, who planter that built a citizens, was the firft fugar-mill at New Orleans. / It is known, that of a reed or fugar is made of the cane, which is juice ers; it grows tall and thick, in propagated by laygoodnefs of the foil. The proportion to the certain canes have joints at diftances; 5 when thefe are eafily known by the yellow hue ripe; which is they are cut above the firft which they get; juice; the leaves on both joint, which has no fides are plucked A off; the myrica Boiling, water. The tree is the cerifera. Linn, F. candleberty myrtle, : --- Page 364 --- 352 T RAVEL'S TÉROUCH the canes are made up into bundles, and brought to the mill, where they are crufhed between two wooden cylinders, covered with fteel. A negro Purs the canes between the cylinders, which prefs all the juice out, which is received in a hollow, from whence it goes through a gréat leaden pipe into a refervoir, which leads it into the place where the ovens are, which are deftined to boil it in great boilers. When the juice. is reâned, it is poured into another boiler; it muft be continually ftirred, and boiled till it has confiftency; and when the fugar is got a proper firft ftate of it is put into to the perfedtion, forms of earthen ware, in order to be refined; it acquires the fecond degree of perfection by the being covered with clay to prévent the opening air from acting upon the fugar, and that it may harden too-much before it is refined by the not of dyrups and melaffes. feparation : It is with the fcum of fugar that they make raffia or, kill-devil. This liquor is prepared as brandy is in Frances and goes through the ftill. The Europeans in America prefer it to brandy for curing of wounds. They likewife make rum with Ît. In the fecond degree of perfection by the being covered with clay to prévent the opening air from acting upon the fugar, and that it may harden too-much before it is refined by the not of dyrups and melaffes. feparation : It is with the fcum of fugar that they make raffia or, kill-devil. This liquor is prepared as brandy is in Frances and goes through the ftill. The Europeans in America prefer it to brandy for curing of wounds. They likewife make rum with Ît. In --- Page 365 --- L.0.U.18it4 N A. In the fhrub, country of the Illinois there is about three feet a little fruit of the fize of high, which bears a tafte of citrons. a finall. apple, and of the tain The woods there likewife chefnuts, and conas in Frahce. hazel-murs of' the fame kind Lowifcha abounds with them is the good Gimpless among excellent, ginfeng, the root cf wbich is teltorative, an root, jalap, rhubarb, makewhich farfaparilla, they make and St. John's wvort * of of wounds. an. excellent oil for The healing tor's method of following is the Indian doccarthen making the oil. They take pot, and put the flowers an wort in it, and fome of St. John's pot or vafe is well bear's oil above it; the Voz, I. ftopped up, and expefed to A a, the Panax #* Ginfeng is the plant fo much in vol. i. guingusfblium, Linn. See requef in China ; itis iii. p. 222. and Kalm's Travels Ofbeck's into Voy. to. China, P.114. and Catefby's Nat. Hif. of North America, vol. cies Talap is the Mirebilin of Carolina, app. t: 16. ofit.. Rlubarb is the Linnieus, Bherearefeveral the true onc. Rheum Linn. but probably fpeLinn. or elfe an Smake-ropty perhaps the Polgala not parilla, Linn. Anifelechia. St. Sarfaparilla, Smilar Senges are many plants of this John's wort, Hygtricum, Linn. Jarfa- there among.the dufidorota ofthe genus botanitt in North dncrica; and it is employed for medicinal ufes. F. to know what Apecice are Linnieus, Bherearefeveral the true onc. Rheum Linn. but probably fpeLinn. or elfe an Smake-ropty perhaps the Polgala not parilla, Linn. Anifelechia. St. Sarfaparilla, Smilar Senges are many plants of this John's wort, Hygtricum, Linn. Jarfa- there among.the dufidorota ofthe genus botanitt in North dncrica; and it is employed for medicinal ufes. F. to know what Apecice are --- Page 366 --- T RAVELS THROUGH de funs. the heat concentrated in the the morning red and' it vafe turns the oil of a colour, gives fmell, which cures and purifies all an agrecable a kinds of wounds. There are even plants which have the virtue of ferving as countet-poifons ; but it is a rare and precious gift to man to know them, and to know how to make a proper ufe of them; the Créator has not granted this knowledge to all men. There are numerous fimples for cleanfing the mais of blood, and of proper which the Indjans have a peculiar knowledge. am brs Dt 3 There are forefts of Jafafras trees * the wood of which is ufed in phyfic, and fordying, there is likewife the copal tree t, whofe gum is an exbalfam, equal in goodnefs to the balfam cellent of Peru; the animals which are wounded by hunters, cure themfelves by rubbing againft the balfam exfudes, which C3U tree from which this have in has an aromatic fmell. The Indians their huts bitter gourds and calabafhes, of which maiden-hair, latter-they make a pe@toral- fyrups medicine, and the cafwhich is a good pcétoral fine, all over North America, it.is Laz- * Saffafras-tree grows et T AA cu A leals nefafafras, Linn: J 215 A s : aHIA - o5 in, the fouthern. part of North t Copal. tree grows only Ancrica, Rlius copallinam, Linn. --- Page 367 --- L0 UIS I A N A. Jine, which is a good diuretic dofe is ftrong, it excites *. When the which, a kind of howevers ceafe convulions, bamon Indians call it the immediately. The Ailinatives of America value liquor of walaur. The their 1 all the gold of Mexico and fimples more than Peru. A You, find feveral forts of. curious Lonifiana, which are unknown animals ir in Jo Dok lo Eaurepe. RL m ) The wild OX is very large and French and the Indians make frong; the they eat its. flefh, which various ufes ofit; make coverings of its hide. they falt or dry 3 they çovered with a very fine The wild, bull is 1 make good matraffes; wool, with which they of its tallow candles, and its Pizzles afford they make 31 dian bows. The Indians cords to the Inmake them, into work its horns, and powder-horns. micouens or fpoons, and into s D Aa 2. The * Bitter gourds, Colaquinies, Cucumnis Calabafhes, Cacarbita Ingenaria, e-ligrathin, Linn.- artum pedatum, Linn. grows all Linn.-Maltendain over Adis Canada down tol Virginia, and,is North America, from cinal herb, See Kaln's Trav. to North much. elteemed as- a medi113.-Cafine is the Prinos Amer. vol. iii. P: Letter XVI. p. 249. F. glaber, Linn. mentioned in ds, Colaquinies, Cucumnis Calabafhes, Cacarbita Ingenaria, e-ligrathin, Linn.- artum pedatum, Linn. grows all Linn.-Maltendain over Adis Canada down tol Virginia, and,is North America, from cinal herb, See Kaln's Trav. to North much. elteemed as- a medi113.-Cafine is the Prinos Amer. vol. iii. P: Letter XVI. p. 249. F. glaber, Linn. mentioned in --- Page 368 --- 356 TRAVELS THROUGH The wild, OX. has a bunch, or, hump on, its back * like a camel. It has long hair on the and wool.on its body like head. like a goat, which the Indian, women fpin into fheep, threads. arly 0e30r gont 2d Bas vineyot murs On going towards the head of the river Miffind all forts of wild beaits. The fouris, you wild goats and their, young. ones are very, comnanimals are. mon at certain feafons t Thefe lively and pretty 3 the females have double very to their, horns, and are. not fo furrows or ringlets that eat of them have big as ours : the French affured mc, that the young venifon wasas good atalig bdi TADe 151 Bn as The hump is fituated on the fhoulders. The animalhas been defcribed by Linneus under the name of Bos bifon, and drawn by Catefy in his Nut. HiA. of Carilina, app: t. 20.. and in Mr. C2tmermtaE This animal feems to be of the antelope kind, perhaps t of Hernandez, an animal which hitherto has the Jemamcfama Ic feems not to be' an' 3 not been noticed by: our zoologilis. account of, the double J animal belonging to the goat kind, on This would ringlets or cornichons mentioned by the author. it will deferve be perhaps a new animal; and however it be, the attention of our natural hiftorians. And as the Englith dominions now extend to the river Miflilippi, it would certainlyb be worth while to deferibe the animals upon.t thatriver, andthofe that fall into it. F. d da --- Page 369 --- L"OrUT S N as' 1 the beft mutton. A. do' not ufe our As the Indians of thele parts rows ; for thefe mufkets, animals they kill them with arand when feed in the they are wounded mounrains, fo eafily, and by that they cannot climb them. means the Indians catch A 9YLI pilt 16 tusd de 17 4 The hunters r had found a have likewife told me, that large kind 'of. they of the pecies called cagle in the au 20 the woods, royal cagle * pi T'think it my VU n gular manner in duty which to mention to you the Gn." thefe birds, which the Indians hunt and take the northern nations very much, becaufe they adorn efteem of peace. with eagle's their calumets feathers efwalour. feathers, which they call Dar This kind of hunting is verlion of old referved for the di-:, The old warriors, as it requires no man who intends to take exercife, all examines the places which eagles, firit of ed by them; after are moft frequenttrails of animals that, he brings Alefh, the enand faftens thefe or dead fhakes to thofe baits to fome fixed fpots, A a wood. The firft *Ther royal cagleist theFalo gl, Penn. Br. Zool. fol. 61. tab, Chryaitos, Ai&i Linn. or gelden eain 8vo vol. i, p.121, F, the places which eagles, firit of ed by them; after are moft frequenttrails of animals that, he brings Alefh, the enand faftens thefe or dead fhakes to thofe baits to fome fixed fpots, A a wood. The firft *Ther royal cagleist theFalo gl, Penn. Br. Zool. fol. 61. tab, Chryaitos, Ai&i Linn. or gelden eain 8vo vol. i, p.121, F, --- Page 370 --- UT TRAVELS THROUGH 358 od sodh on are pi 30 fafirticagle chat comes there eats ofit, grows miliar with the place, and attraêts .others of his thither, that greedily difpute the prey fpecies other. Then the old man digs a kind with each the of the hills he C of niche or: hollow at top. it which he, ftops D makes a chimney or vent to which he places up with a bundle of fagots, on fill; then the baits : he fuffers the bird to eat its his hands, which he has wrapt in a little he puts the - fome ftraw under fack of leather through pulls it takes hold of the cagle's legs, faggots ; it in his ox-hide,, and fo kills it. down, wraps to take five or fix of chem, Hhe is lucky énough bécaufe the feathers arel an:article he is content, 3 : of trade throughout North-America Thisway - of hunting is not very troublefome:" the'baits taken together by, the old man's children, are the fend him viétuals. a TA and women: Sa 9N7 a ne Freg.ol B a Thau 7-073 whole Youl likewife fee haress-and white bears fkin is very fine and foft.1 The ogerofLouitHnadiffer from thofe of Africa and Soutls America, declaredby Prof. Kalm, * The American hares arealready ones 3 fo that is imvol. P. 105. to differ from the European to. be the fame F. proper to think the American ones The white bear here mentioned, cannot bethe great Po1 lar women: Sa 9N7 a ne Freg.ol B a Thau 7-073 whole Youl likewife fee haress-and white bears fkin is very fine and foft.1 The ogerofLouitHnadiffer from thofe of Africa and Soutls America, declaredby Prof. Kalm, * The American hares arealready ones 3 fo that is imvol. P. 105. to differ from the European to. be the fame F. proper to think the American ones The white bear here mentioned, cannot bethe great Po1 lar --- Page 371 --- LOU I S I A N A. rica, becaufe they have no the roe-decr fpotst They take as cats do mice. CAs to the cats.S they kill the wild tygermanner. oxen in the following where They get upon a' tree, in a little the oxen are ufed to go to the path as they come by, the river;" and necks of the' tyger-cats' fall upon the oxen, bite through their throats and T Aa 4 snoi a Rufgr kill lar bear, Penn, - - :. ter Synn, Quad, P- 192. to. 20. is,only to be met with in the f1.as this latglobe; and the foft hair here moit frigid parts of our chink ofthe polar bear, whofe mentioned will not admit to mon black bear is fometimes hair is like briftles. The comànd therefore it: is not found quite white in Siberia, bearsarefounds in the. interior improbable that fome of thefe white this, lfind it parts of NorthAnerica. Befides necellary, here to obferve, that ginia bear feems to me to be a fpecies the biack Vire ropean bears, my reafons for this different from our Euthe European "bearhas never fo black opinion are thefe : frf, Jecondly, the fnout of the a coat as the Virginian, fmallerithan in our Virginian is longer, and the head bearis more clumfy than European the ones; thirdly, the European Virginizn. F. TLA 1 The North" American tyger is the grave, or the brown Cat. Penn. Cugnacara of MargSouth America Syz. guad. p. 179. In of the climate, itisimmenfly and fierce on account of the heat miflakenly called a Jion. F. SThe American tyger-cat isthe pichene du Jed Kabimiserh, vol. 3- P, 275, and mentionedin Re Gat. p. 182. Pern. Spn. guad. Cayen- North" American tyger is the grave, or the brown Cat. Penn. Cugnacara of MargSouth America Syz. guad. p. 179. In of the climate, itisimmenfly and fierce on account of the heat miflakenly called a Jion. F. SThe American tyger-cat isthe pichene du Jed Kabimiserh, vol. 3- P, 275, and mentionedin Re Gat. p. 182. Pern. Spn. guad. Cayen- --- Page 372 --- 350 FRAYELS ITHROUCH kill themi; their ftrength and their horns Hare' rendered ufelefs by this treachery, The woodyat cr Iudian-rat is of the fize ofan : European cat; its head is like the head of a it has feet like a monkey, and the tail : fox, 1 of a This animal l'is very curious; Tonce 1 killed rat,* 40 male that had feven - a fe: young ones; what 1S moft furprifing is to fee them all ftick fait to thé teats, where they grow, and continue till they are - - able to run-abour, then they drop into or a membrane that forms a pouch : thofe young. ones. which I faw were as as - big new-born mice; nature has furnifhed the female with this. pouch, under the beily, which is covered with hair,as.a retreat for her young ones, when they, are purfued, means of which the mother can fave them and by carry them off. Their flefh taftes like that ofa fucking pigs their bair is whitifh, and they have likewife a down or woollike the beaver. This pretended rat, lives in the wobds upon the feeds of beech-trees, upon chefhuts, walnuts, and acorns. I have. often eaten of, them.on my voyages : their fat is: very white and fine ; a fine pomatum or. unguent is made of it for the Hemorrhoids. Here This is the Virginian Opolum: Penny Sym. 204. and Didelphis mar/tialis, Linn. guad. P. --- Page 373 --- LO-UTs 1 A N A. sHere is likewife an animal, seood-cat, it is of the fize which they call the but its tail ofa fox and w is like thar nothing IS very fond of ofa.cates This creature in its oyfters ; it telemblesa figure; and may be tamed like marmot licking and fawning upon its. a dog, follows every where; it,t takes mafter, whomrit paws, like a monkey. I its food with its dumnb dogs which the belicye thefe were the difcovcred the Spaniards found, sr Antilles or. Caribee when they 3 There iflands." : are four forts of HTarge, black, red, fquirrels in Louifianas fize of little grey, and little ones of rats; the latter are the iquirrels, on account ofa called Aying their fourlegs, and which membrane which joins ing from Orie tree to they extend in - anocher: jumpe The Frénch and the Indians that the fnakes haye the have often told me aeg E3 3 5G2 power of Valcinating Dhe fquir Britilh This animal here called swcood-cat is cojonies in America, and known commonall over the coo7ts fee Penn Syn.quads by the nameof Kalm's Travels into North P: 199- Urlias lafcus. Linn-and Rats 208, F. America, Vol. i, t.. 2: P-96, t Black fquirrel, Riuras niger. Ariatus. Linn. grey fquirrel, fturar Linn.--red Auimelfarer iquirrel, fiurus volans. Linn, F- cincreus, Linn.. Aying L is cojonies in America, and known commonall over the coo7ts fee Penn Syn.quads by the nameof Kalm's Travels into North P: 199- Urlias lafcus. Linn-and Rats 208, F. America, Vol. i, t.. 2: P-96, t Black fquirrel, Riuras niger. Ariatus. Linn. grey fquirrel, fturar Linn.--red Auimelfarer iquirrel, fiurus volans. Linn, F- cincreus, Linn.. Aying L --- Page 374 --- 362 TRAVELS THROUCH fquirrels, this I wifhed to fee with, my own eyes. I cannot avoid communicating my obfervations on this fubject to you. I was once hunting at the Illinois, in a wood which abcunded with hazelnuts, which is a very, nice food for iquirrels; were, likewife, very, plentiful theres I heard they under. which, ftood, the fad cry. of Mpon a trec, feemed I did not a iquirrel which frightened; know what ailed its at laft I perceived a fnake hung over a branch of the trec, looking upwards. waiting for its preys and the unhappy fquirrel, from branch to branch, fell into the afterleaping which fwallowed it. mouth of the fnake, Without entering into a phyfical detail, fimawas fafcinated by the inake in gine the fquirre! The, antipathy of the the following manner. faftened iquirrel, makes it] look upon the fnake as when it fees it thus immovcable, and to the tree, L a branch; therefore inftead of rehung upon that it is a fnare, laid by its advermarking only branch to branch; as 1! it were fary, it jumps from round' the to infult the fnake; when by jumping the latter fees it near enough to dart upreptile, feize and fwallow it.t Many authors on, pretend t This js a very, ingenious explication, but it than fuppofes, anithat we muf attribute to the fquirrel nicer feelings, mals --- Page 375 --- Lo UIs N pretend that the A. 363 power, fnakes have an attraétive S a10 2 The cuhnnig of fnakes is feen fome, which admirable'; ; I have them, did not ftir perceiving that I Jooked at believe at all, in order to make me nued' in they the were not there, and always 31 alide'to fame attitude; but as foon as I contiget a ftick Or ftone to went the inakes made off and crufh their heads, again when I recurned. I did not fnd them Thave often made in This is an experiment the defarts gone through, and where which I' have common. thefe animals are a olvilq a cane 1 a .J aVDts gen 3 There are many forts of : moit remarkable is the them, of which the 5 five round bones, at the rattke-facke, having four or make a kind of noife end. of the tail, which ther, fimilar to the noife, by rubbing againft one anoof a a Indian women, pound this child's rattle. The when they are ratcle and fwallow it tend that they going to lye-in, becaufe they can by its Preu0 withour pain. The farofthe alliftance bring forth rartie-fmake fsi makes an mals in general and mquirrels in thod to account' for this pretended 313 particular have; another meFrasels L p. 319. note, F fafcination, fee in Kain's againft one anoof a a Indian women, pound this child's rattle. The when they are ratcle and fwallow it tend that they going to lye-in, becaufe they can by its Preu0 withour pain. The farofthe alliftance bring forth rartie-fmake fsi makes an mals in general and mquirrels in thod to account' for this pretended 313 particular have; another meFrasels L p. 319. note, F fafcination, fee in Kain's --- Page 376 --- 364 TRVA V E LPS ITHRoPCH! an. excellent unguent for the rheumatic pains; this unguentp penctrates into the body, to the very bones. did svaoi adi tabnu mobbil tslliew B a orw anomilossb Y Roitoib P3 noqu bo1 believed that the number of It 1S generally wertelrein o1 the rattle encreafes with the age ofthe. fnakes I have feen, fome rattle-fnakes fo. big, asi to be 0 able, to YIBONU eat, a whole roe-deer, by fucking its : little by little. SS 07 bolgge L 23 9t9tqroins Uriwr E maibal 3Vr snorise soule M dnww siiasnsbibon I There is another kind, of ferpento which they call the 5 it is red on the belly 11 whippersVexctieers 211 and black on the backa it is fometimes à aboutb twenty feet long, and when it, finds any, body. inw the water, it twines round him, fo violently as tO; TE take W his breath, and, drown him.* 4S sils 0f 33 away 3. That fnake which is called the swhifler IS about two feet long, but is fo much more danL it is not fo. ealily fcen, being t C gerons,becaufe NCrY little; fo that the Indians and negroes often tread upon and lare bitten by it: it has a prodigious wide mouth and when angry, it whiftles at a terrible rate, ISAM N Carol. * This fnake is reprefented by. Catelty natr bif-uef II. 46. It might be called coluber erythrogafer, for Catefby 23 cali: it the spur-bullaed-faake The circumitance here mentioned, relative to its twifting round people in the water, and its énormous fize are both new. F. negroes often tread upon and lare bitten by it: it has a prodigious wide mouth and when angry, it whiftles at a terrible rate, ISAM N Carol. * This fnake is reprefented by. Catelty natr bif-uef II. 46. It might be called coluber erythrogafer, for Catefby 23 cali: it the spur-bullaed-faake The circumitance here mentioned, relative to its twifting round people in the water, and its énormous fize are both new. F. --- Page 377 --- LO.U-1ESI II A NH A. rate, and cherefore the Indians that, isyl swhijfler. call him ha-Autgs. bé, a whifticr hidden During my: voyage to Tombeke dier of my detachment, under the leaves, bit a fols the foldier was who trod upon its angry thatie barefoot, and the fnakce was I tail; got hold fo not let goits hold. ofhis big toc and woula to' fee this foldier Twas very uncaly and' expoled to perith he fory, interpreter; ; I applied to an Indian being my accidentally went by the doctor who He took a powder out ofa place, where we were. ith through a tube little fack, and blew died upon the fnake's initantly, he put another head, which wound, which prevented the powder upon the its effeat; he likewife poifon from taking to the patient, who gave fome of it in water compenfed this was quite well after. Tre. ed likewife to know juggler very handfomelys teach it his fecrer, bur he Iwifh. me, and acted like a would. not e haughtily that the mafter of life quack telling me cated it to him alone. * had, communi- : i 11 7d ngid u GONIE eaiiuw JL gne mdw DuE Them * It is highly probable that or whole plant ofthe aripolochia this. powder. was. of.the, which probably grows likewife anguicida a Mexican root to Di. Tacguni is an infilible in Lssfpara, and plant, thefc animals are actually remedy againft the according 2E c19225 sdg Iti siygoag hater fafcinated gait and even killed Imakes, for S 3 O3A ud 1 231 3 byit. In raip S16 oant saooav as Carsias is highly probable that or whole plant ofthe aripolochia this. powder. was. of.the, which probably grows likewife anguicida a Mexican root to Di. Tacguni is an infilible in Lssfpara, and plant, thefc animals are actually remedy againft the according 2E c19225 sdg Iti siygoag hater fafcinated gait and even killed Imakes, for S 3 O3A ud 1 231 3 byit. In raip S16 oant saooav as Carsias --- Page 378 --- 366 T R AVELS TH ROUGH Therearevery large and longerocodiles or alligagrrie fome parts of the river Milffippis they are dorsin that if.they fnd al man alleep on fo carnivorous, him into the water and dee the land, they carry elfe very cowardly, him, though theyare 31 vour one walks, towards them; as foonias 2 anderun.of that they eat a man, becaufe it feldom happens it is fo. caly to efcape from them; they purfue thofe that fly from them, and are very. formidable in the, water. a The alligator is the moft horrid animal. in nature and I cannot without remember that which had almoft carried horror of Tombekbés I thought I faw me into the river and-I believe he the. deviljuft come out of hell, that than under could not be better reprefented hideous form; sits back is covered with impenetraB s ble the Indjans chew the root of this Arifolochia, Carthagena with the faliva; if one drop of this mixand, mixi its juice fnake's mouth, it, inebriates it, and you ture is put into the if two or three drops handle the fnake as you pleafe; ; may forced in ; and they reach the fnake's ftomach, convulare enfue, and the reptile dies. The Indian fions immediatly. this method, likewife informed him who fhewed Dr. Jacquin thrice bit fnakes, and had always cured that' he had been by both internally and exthe wound by nfing the Aripolochia has fo naufeous a fmell, that it ternally. The plant itfelf and caufes, - when chewed, is always avoided by Mnakes, Hit. Seledt. Stirpvomiting even to men. See Jacquin's American. p. 232.t. 144* F. --- Page 379 --- L'OU I S. I A N blefcales, almoft A. 367 the force of a ball as ftrong asoyRer-fhelli, from a' relifting to hure an alligator mufket, Itlis difficult any' where They are numerous in the except in the cye. torpid during the cold red river : they are mud* with their mouths weather, and lie in' the fith enter" as into a open, into which the vance' nor go back. The funnel, and can neither adtheir backs and kill them Indians then' get upon with hatchets, and this is by ftriking their heads them. uan a kind of diverfion NUT A DULE bad muno A4 for 118 - - : 22x 10a Here are iikewife fize, whofe frogs of an extraordinary bull. On croaking exceeds the of my. voyage from Mobile roaring a leans, I touched at the Horn to NewOrihell fith there, which the Inand and found a which means Sea Indians call Narinateli, outward covering Spiders it was petrified. Its varnifh than the confifted of a more thining and hard as diamonds. Chincfe ; its' eyes were petrified This fhell fith is of the - fize * This circumftance: of. the ing winter, is quite new, and very. allegator's being torpid dur. bia torians. a It feems almoft all the clafs remarkable of for natural hif by. Dr. Limneus, when found in çold animals called amphipid.during winter. F. climates, grow tor . Its varnifh than the confifted of a more thining and hard as diamonds. Chincfe ; its' eyes were petrified This fhell fith is of the - fize * This circumftance: of. the ing winter, is quite new, and very. allegator's being torpid dur. bia torians. a It feems almoft all the clafs remarkable of for natural hif by. Dr. Limneus, when found in çold animals called amphipid.during winter. F. climates, grow tor --- Page 380 --- 358 T RAVEL S THROUGH fize and figure : of a barber's bafon turned upfidé down, 2r a has a very Tharp tail about ten inches long, and they fay it is dangerous to be ftung by it ** The higher parts of Lowifiana contain beavers and others; the Indians fay that thefe beavers have been expelled by their brethren from Canada, becaufe they were too lazy -to join with them in conftructing the habitations which thoie animals make in common, and the dikes, to alter the bed of rivers, all which they contrive and exécute with great art and induftry. ae cot - The Karancro, a bird of prey, is of the thape : and fize of a turkey t and the moft voracious bird : This mhell-fth is now 2 in the Marquis de Marigny's cabinet of Natural Curiofities. Ta This 3 rare animal is nothing elfe than the king's crab, common in the feas all round America and the Wef-Indies ; monocalts A Polyphemus: Linn. Thefe animalsare employed in New-York to-feed. pigs. with, and the ingenious gentleman, wbo communicated this-remark, adds, fometimes it.is eaten even by the two legged pigs. F. : t Hence it is called Turkey Bazzard by Catelby, Carok. I.t. 6 It is the Carrion Yulture, Forfter's N. Amer. Anis mals, p. 8. and Vultur Auras Linn. --- Page 381 --- L 0 U I S I A - A. bird chat ever was known it and. likewife the 5 follows the hunters ferent ftations. convoys that travel to thieir dif They wait in vens, for the Rights, like raand eat decampmest; and then they come after which Ereedily all that has been left there, théy, go on, towards camp. They eat dead the new thers.are black, and the fofc corpfes; their fcaderthe wIRgs, have the downy feathers unblood. quality of Ropping the )- The Flaminge is of the fame its wings is black, the back fize, the end of belly Aame-coloured * white, and the There are ftares of two of the fize of the kinds, the leaft are common that a hundred European of ones : they are fo at one ihot; them are often inhabitants they are very good to eat killea are obliged but the maize and rice, which roglard their crops of tircly eaten 4P by thefe birds, otherwife would 4 be Cr- - asjet, and have therip ofthie they are as black red; their feathers are wingofa Ene brighe Vor. I. very fnc, and the ladies B b wear * Flamingo, Phercicaptoat ruber. Linn. fo at one ihot; them are often inhabitants they are very good to eat killea are obliged but the maize and rice, which roglard their crops of tircly eaten 4P by thefe birds, otherwife would 4 be Cr- - asjet, and have therip ofthie they are as black red; their feathers are wingofa Ene brighe Vor. I. very fnc, and the ladies B b wear * Flamingo, Phercicaptoat ruber. Linn. --- Page 382 --- TRA NI EES THROUGH wear muffs, and linings. to their. dreffes. of :them.*. - 3 e S: 21520 bai s lins 27 wiot 0 a J Here are parrots, and parrokeets and finc jn in the country ofithe Jays greatabupdanges Mafouris there are tu : magpies, J only different from the, Europeans oncs 1 by their plumage, their black and white colours being fhaded; the Indians make ornaments for their hair of sthem. 5re Le soni ap S to - eI 31 30onds enj3 29 visnR VIbY oynil 3l auoloo n3519 blg n 1o sled The eyes are taken with the beauty of nature Re unaffited by art; : here the, appears as the came from DaJ the hands of the a Creator, before the fall of man. The ear of the, travelleri is enchanted the fongs of the birds, and cipecially thofe byt - which, are, fond of being sf the, mocking his company, M feem: formed, on purpole E to make 21 him the fatigueand sediquinels 142 the - V forget Indeed as foon as the mocking -of journey. Bird perceives a man, heperches near him, and agrecably, Ayingf from place to place 5 very is inimitable; ; it fettles a word, this bird a A at the top ofat tree, and'mocks or mimics all the : Phefe are the red-nvingedfarere or maizet thierves mentioned and drawn in Kalm's Travels, Vol. II. P. 74. Griolats phanicEuS. Linn, ss.. TO ods --- Page 383 --- LOU IrSii A NI A: the other birdss,he ing of a cat. The likewife imitates the mew. comes to the towns and mocking bird fometimes chanted and pleafed houfes, and appears enwhen ore inftrument and even joins plays N on any the fize of a fare; and thé concert; s1 it:is of of a' itis eafily - tamed, bluith grey colour: ebsindl gnrd ifraken young * e The grqulon adtit one : ur Pepe is of a bright blue on the throat it is of roundi the head; back of a gold a fine red, and on the and-is of the lize green of colour, it fings very finely : T8 sifh d a canary bird + - The 741 orl Cardimal bird is quite reds throat black, and a creft of: having the head, its bill is feathers on its parrow, which ftrong and red ; itis a kind of to the fize ofa is very fond "of men,and comes like lark; but whiftles a black-bird t 292101 during fummer mede asn di tOr a9 Bb 2 The 31 cS * Mocking bird, Turdus A10, Vol. II. P. 90. F. Orphens Linn. Kalm's.Travels, f Pope is the male of the the name of: painted Finch. Eribiriza F: umahe Cirir Linn. known' T 11 S sron by t Cardinal bird is the Loxia -X Gr Cardiralit, Linn. FI a black-bird t 292101 during fummer mede asn di tOr a9 Bb 2 The 31 cS * Mocking bird, Turdus A10, Vol. II. P. 90. F. Orphens Linn. Kalm's.Travels, f Pope is the male of the the name of: painted Finch. Eribiriza F: umahe Cirir Linn. known' T 11 S sron by t Cardinal bird is the Loxia -X Gr Cardiralit, Linn. FI --- Page 384 --- 372 TRAVELS U C THROUGH The Bilhop is blue mixed ail ode (emmow 7d gt the o 1121) with Yi purple and off fize ofa linnet * mood an 7. 6 10005 ars V b bamsst The gold-finch is 1O wotrs iq of the quite 90 ycllow, with the tips wings black t CICT 010 3odic gnumne baxim bougds - There is a bird they call the Harlequin, be: caufe it is varied with many colours, and. another called the Swifs, becaufe 973 it 291 1S red and the laft three T blucs fpecics only come to the fummer. a Srw aougtal baaons a Illinois C ia a baud) TOVSIt Svad I i The humming bird is 3 no bigger than a large beetle, and Painted with many bright and changing colours; it lives upon the fweet juice of flowers as bees do; its neft is made of a' 9n fine cotton or woolly fubftance, and very d3 on the fuipended branch of a tree t There are 10 number- Du lefs unknown birds, which would make count too long. o DJTOT 20018 the, V ac- 2 dologt Sori 918 edontro Som 2 I have feen butterfies of great beaurv; found two on my voyages (that have bcen cony : - 1 eaten ey7iy 2900 nun up, Bithop, Tanagra Es JTUry TSTD 2sd Epifcopas Linn. - - bybar ST6 ite Goldfinch, Fringilia trifis, Linnai oll nogu 1as a 1 Hummning bird, Trechilus Colabris, Linn. --- Page 385 --- LOUISI e 1 ORHT A up by worms) the like of I'T never belela DUI which I never feemed any thing more faw; as if the author of on magnificenc it , pleafed to throw upon their nature had been moft vivid winge the finet colours ; the fineft and and appeared mixed among the other pureft gold admirable colours pd D fymmetry. ail ony Io vods with of bid 4 aondT Thefe biurterties rusm were ar 3!0 LY 21 3 Akanzas by.a sog fudden Probably carried to, slues the, pace of a thoufand ftorm, for in the whole, through, I have leagues which I have defired fome never found their gone; live X Indians, of the equals, I near the mines of St. Ofages nation, who fome of thefe butterfics: Barbe, to bring me; in the country where they anfwvered, that. inhabitants were they were to be found, the the forms of very, - ferocious, and had : ORI. JT men, merely: STL 2 tu NEO a0 Here are various forts n 1 moft curious are thofe which of ducks, but the ing pretty ftrong claws perch on trees, havpalmated toes 5 they build at the end of theirtreés which lean over their nefts upon thofe: their rivers or lakes, and young - ones are when water immediately, hatched, they go into the are fhaded with the As to their feathers, they a creft upon its head.: finelt colours : the male has Thele ducks.are the bett Bb 3 ue imuty to n 1 moft curious are thofe which of ducks, but the ing pretty ftrong claws perch on trees, havpalmated toes 5 they build at the end of theirtreés which lean over their nefts upon thofe: their rivers or lakes, and young - ones are when water immediately, hatched, they go into the are fhaded with the As to their feathers, they a creft upon its head.: finelt colours : the male has Thele ducks.are the bett Bb 3 ue imuty to --- Page 386 --- TR A V d EI Ls THROUG H 71 they feed in the woods on acorns and to eat, lor beech feeds * banral 01 Intes ardt SVEDI M Stitv Ra0Ce of rivers there aré birds called: D On' the banks white and the ladies Egrats, they' are exceeding nod 21ta employ their feathers as aigrattas e 9 2 the s inhabitants of the The Pelican, which call great throat; on A account: ofha country he has under. his throat, iss as white pouch its bill is about twelve and as. large as a fwan, and inches long : they make muffs of its fkin, the pafte of indigo with its fat. precipitate is madel from a plant, the grain This pafte from the Eaft Indies, for dying of which comes blue t The fpoon-bill S, having a bill like a Spatula, inftrument fo calledi There is an apothecary's whofe beak is likewife a bird called Lancet-bill; r w tad b009 ubeh actually tbsl Gtou D - 43 34 to BgOTP oW S18 A This is the Anas arboreas Linn. 15 390t OW1 To adgi 40 Ardea albap Linn. the great white heron: + Egrets, North. Am. Animals, p. 14- L Ak alda 107 0) Forft. C sud, allowe suarriw I Pelican, Pelecanus Onocrotalus, a B. Linn. SAun 7it al Platalea Leucarolie, Linn. $ Spoon-bill, --- Page 387 --- L U I S - actually like a lancet, It is 375, this matter, it would require impoffible to finifh leave this detail to our learned whole volumes, I de Bufomand Danbeiten, countrymen, M. this vaft who have this work. - Iwit you may be endertaken fhort account, content with eds o I an, SIR, &c., Ai Neco Orleans the 1f 02N of anes 1762: e th4os svlaws soda ci Ud bne raft o eum - P.S Before-I I conclude ipcak to: you: of. two my letter 1-Ahail, Louilianas which are the precious plants in Coiton, Indigo and the, ule Indigoisa plant refembling the Broom nijla.very much. A kind of it is. or" GeLouifiana growing in pontancoulys and hills.and near woods. That commonly upon is brought from the Weft. which is cultivated are two crops of it India ifles. There height of two feet and every year. 2 It grows to the it is. cut, and brought a half. When ic is ripe, to rot; this is into the place whére a building itis without walls; but twenty feet high, In it they make threc only fupported by pofts. troughs, one above anBibi4i De2ala llesasrother ontancoulys and hills.and near woods. That commonly upon is brought from the Weft. which is cultivated are two crops of it India ifles. There height of two feet and every year. 2 It grows to the it is. cut, and brought a half. When ic is ripe, to rot; this is into the place whére a building itis without walls; but twenty feet high, In it they make threc only fupported by pofts. troughs, one above anBibi4i De2ala llesasrother --- Page 388 --- 656 T R AVIELS MNoudH : other, thel loweftnis-madel 3 fos thatrthed water it contains, mayo: run.our.of it, and outiof-tbe building. Ther fecond ftandsi con the: cdge of this, fo: tbat the water cit contains-falls into the firity land itheichirdais difpoled Timthe fame manner with regard to the. sfecondus leaves Flieslindigo are put into the uppermoft trough; with wa,certain quantity of. water, andi muftiputrify in it. The man-whoriset the head ofsche-matufacture examinés cthe indigo from:time to time, and when he ieesst is time toempty ihe turns the cock, and thel water runs thistrough, into fhe T fecond trough sithére: S isuas proper timei 2 which mut be well obferved for doing this operatien, for if the plant remains too long in thisi patrefy. ing place, the Indigo becomes black. - durdl-potrgs T As foonas the water is in the fecond it is beaten till the overféer: thinks itl fofficienrs tiough, iti is ufe and habit by which rone dearns: to deize a upon the true moment.o Whén the water has been well beatens citri is left.to fettle: the indigo forms a kind of fediment at the bottom of the grough; the water above it muft have time to become clear, and- is afterwards drawn off by means of feveral cocks placed-above"each other. E igt op A; al urs T. etars oiine sis 2f 2 1h amis d Tal ai woin sasat 180al im sibal s.1 - The --- Page 389 --- -0-LISstrA N A, E The indigo is h thén takén put into facksi made ofu off: likewifes and where the conmonnfackcloty A this it is pread remaining water may run off Affcr cut into little upon boards; and. when dry itis fquare : and fo fent to picces; put into barrels, Earope. DI In order to haye, C00Y 21a VE let fo many fceds, it is neceffary Plants grow up. ascare onlyito grows more or lefs tall wanteds it of the foil, which according to ther nature5E Weft India iflands ought to: 1 be light; im the they have on. account four crops : a-year, they-cannor ofetheigrear have hear, but in Loujfana latter above threes. the place is likewife not fo.good * indigointhe d : soond n The cotton-thrub is no bufh, but ipreads bigger than a rofe. well in ftrong or rich more. Irdoes not fueced fo r fore that, which grounds as in others ;"thére- - ferior in:g grows in Lower Loufiana the goodnefs to that which is culivated istinbighempuitsafilar in 503 10 nopcon : : C province. Teur sasd UE I vode T00RW r Aotot The 1acs * The indigo plant is, with Dr. tisdoria, in and the indigo Lintagutis the Louifana is the Siphera mentioned to grow Opontatteoully laligefera proper tiulteria, Linn.; i Eedcbrated. management, Anil of the is faid to afford as good which, with a Indies and Egypt. F. indigo as the 503 10 nopcon : : C province. Teur sasd UE I vode T00RW r Aotot The 1acs * The indigo plant is, with Dr. tisdoria, in and the indigo Lintagutis the Louifana is the Siphera mentioned to grow Opontatteoully laligefera proper tiulteria, Linn.; i Eedcbrated. management, Anil of the is faid to afford as good which, with a Indies and Egypt. F. indigo as the --- Page 390 --- 378: TAR A VEILS TTHROUC H The cotton ofthis country is of the fpecies called white cotton:of Siam. It is neither fo fine nor fo long as the filky cotton, but it is however very whiterand very fine. Its leavés' aré ofl a lively green, 9 and orefemble fpinage vèry much 5 the flower: is ofrai pale yellow, the feed: contained in the capfule is black, and oval like: a kidney-bean : itiis commonly planted in fuchit grounids as LE aret not yet fit for tobacco of3 for indigo : for the latter requires the greatett: care. 3o simioT mimmtapr Si sviy VONLOT edt 1owtq at sii De 1 a AAI The fhrub is cut down to! the ground every: twoiof three years, becaufe they. fay. it bears: more afterit. The pitil of the flower. changes, into an acuminated capfule, of the fize of.apis geon's egg, green at firft, thens brown, andiar laft almoft black, dry and brittle. When the cotton. is ripe, the heat. of the fun. makes it expand 5 the capfule that contained it in three or four with" a little noife: opens *- 4 A plates Then it muft be gathered quicklys left it thould be loft. Each capfule contains five, fix, or feven feeds, of the fize of peafe; the cotton fticks tO them, and it is therefore difficult to get the feeds out, except in time and with patience; for this --- Page 391 --- LOD-I S ia A this reafon, however, 379: dilgufted with the many planters have been culturé of ur à - cotton * 51 have notl mentioned n. likely that rit is al native of tobacco the ton youi; itiis the tradition of the country; becaufe tells us, that Indians, or their.ancient suord, fmoke in their! they have always O employed it to cludes with calumets of peace. I fhall conan obfervation that has: made, and which it is: already been body tries the good to repeat, till fomeifana, and the experiment. The climate of Lonreafon hilly parts of that to believe, that it would country, give tol plant faffron not be difficult therege the colonifts would greatadvantages from it, and the reap of Mexico would neighbourhood tainly an ufeful procure them a quick and cerconfumption.s nm, 'nos Sloue soualt Te * The people in the Englifh E ploy an inftrument which colonies, and in China, emwith great eafe, F. feparates the pods from the cotton Dt LET. --- Page 392 --- TRAYELS THROUGH 2 A om qu sinslol o3 mesisinssmmneiurons tomnap 03 batg mossabtotia sved V230111V bamaol Ra ehoon-LE ETI Tir Et R oog XXI IE worrla darw drynuosmobna-andi wriqulolulg mabou bp 1t tnosiivepsarrgde go the ve D oi alegbuit blni RB bova J0iT svati edboc qU lame. epninotrisn eni bne asluinge sinsw sotrhel a eldr noud Refactions 011 the Population of America; that Continent has not bean unknoum Kto N the Aicierits, it Jeems. that it is.conmelted wwith Afa onl the Side darw drynuosmobna-andi wriqulolulg mabou bp 1t tnosiivepsarrgde go the ve D oi alegbuit blni RB bova J0iT svati edboc qU lame. epninotrisn eni bne asluinge sinsw sotrhel a eldr noud Refactions 011 the Population of America; that Continent has not bean unknoum Kto N the Aicierits, it Jeems. that it is.conmelted wwith Afa onl the Side of Tartary, fromirzvhence the People thatf-p feulid if mufcmaturally be fuppejed 1o have come: Digrgiomapansthel Wayef preferuing one's Hialih America: SBolon ald ebbe bpo nshoflid 76d7 ais ovorlad Yom sw a amnbmalg odT u ai Si I R,: Isiovat gmbnel soils 10Mus s19 R * * 90 nsongssesbolM adr3o Anoa eda no Expect to fet out for Fraeteveryfoon jo and I rake advantage of-ante e * opportuniei L4 that offers to write to you, before leave this of the Io - part world. After an idea of the giving youi C manners, 2N cuftoms, and ofithe hies fory 6f the with -01 sue 09 people whom Lhave been-dub ring DE my xoyagcin I LU do not, believe In couldibet-o . ter conclude narrative, Imisyel 20 Ey thap by fome reflec-s 7299 to oni no 01 malt boir pnoumul tiongl --- Page 393 --- a ANORNT 2 - AVAAT L O. U I- Si I det A N A. tions on the population, of nent; but chism this immenfe cannot now Aatter matter ise forobfeure, that contian we 1 ny learned writers ourfelves to clear it up: mathrow light have already upon'it bur they have atteinpted to edsr modern not fuicceeda as : little philofophy has endéavoured, fuccels, to. draw with and its reafonings and. 10 adyantages from it, been able to feduce weak opinions have not even geniufes. By.refieding moitanide 10 monplars : every. thing, deems: attentively upon the ola was. to: convince writers, not entirely us, that mierica Siculus feems to, unknown: t to: : them. have poken of itwith Diederas enough : Father Lafiean precifion that hiltorian, and adds his quotes a Paffage from it up. The refleéions to - clear Greek author, Pheniciant, after if we may believe the on the coaft of the fending feveral colonies uped by theirtrade, did Mediteraneay being enrichlumns of not go far beyond the A ocean; Herculesy that vaft and CO= which they difcovered on n unknown the-Rtreights of Gutralar, coming chrough kind of horror; which in/pired them. wich a degreess fome bold they furmounted only by on' the ocean afterwards; navigators ventured out up coafti of bur filing Africo, a violent along the days duration, carried tempet, of feveral them to an ifle of very great enrichlumns of not go far beyond the A ocean; Herculesy that vaft and CO= which they difcovered on n unknown the-Rtreights of Gutralar, coming chrough kind of horror; which in/pired them. wich a degreess fome bold they furmounted only by on' the ocean afterwards; navigators ventured out up coafti of bur filing Africo, a violent along the days duration, carried tempet, of feveral them to an ifle of very great --- Page 394 --- R/ A V E L SI TrnRoUcH greatektent, at a great diftance foi the weftward. At their return they werer very: ready to fpeak of their difcovery, they embellifhed their accounts, familiar to travellers of all with all the fictions countries; and at all times. 9 When the. Tyrrhes nians became the mafters of the fea, they were theres but the willing ito make a fertlement coun- a Carthageniais. oppoied it fearing that thein attracted by whatwas faidi of this' land, tryment, leave their country in order to fettle fhould donfidered this new-difcothere : tley-likewite laft refotirce for themfelves; wered' country as a overturned their in cafe Tome difafter mhould'have AP qi Qanui empire. salida ledaon u0 6 sosalt Sictlus; Father TrTo this paffige of Diodorus adds oneof Paifanias This writerwas Lafiteas therer-were any. fatyrss one inqunringaebenter told him, Euphemus, , whos - was born nein Carias he had beeni cartied by that, in a voyage rofthis; of the ocean; where a ftorm to the extremities which the failors.called he had feen feveral ifles, inhabited them were Satyrides. Ther people that ofa red; colour, rand had tailss the failors-tiem- the to avoid them : but bled; and endeavouted them to 19 come near the contrary, winds forced the. veffel, and, the fhore > the. favages. invelted w crew, - rond e neesie Mir Jus al d - voyage rofthis; of the ocean; where a ftorm to the extremities which the failors.called he had feen feveral ifles, inhabited them were Satyrides. Ther people that ofa red; colour, rand had tailss the failors-tiem- the to avoid them : but bled; and endeavouted them to 19 come near the contrary, winds forced the. veffel, and, the fhore > the. favages. invelted w crew, - rond e neesie Mir Jus al d - --- Page 395 --- U . 1 S-Ir A NA A. L.0 rid of. stemywercobligeds to srewcin-ondert to get vada Brl niadt a deliver awoman to- them-r lisia e - vant rsyopulo atrn (03 refledtion will appear very lis Father Laffieau's defcription, of thefe ilandjut, to. you. The to the Caraibess c fits <c ersy fays he, perfecly - of the Antillcs, commonly ai 6 who were.! mafters iflands, out 2 of- moft of 6 called, the Caribee the Euroal have been expelled by, < which, they aun latter, times- The complexiop 66 peans in thele naturally pis reds and itis < of thele pcople very the effect of the climate, * fos it being leis who, iv of the mothers, the imagination e thanof. red colour beautiful, tranfimit ip te finding the their Acth,is likewife arti66 to their children 35 themfelves every < ficially.red, for shey paint inftead. of vermi- < with TOCOS, whiçh ferwes 21 day as. red-as blood by ss lion, to them, and appear the imagination of scit. As to what çoncerns they beheld fatyrss & the failorsy who thought of fears that made them s6 iconly was the cffect <6 take balie with the Jeluit upon the ef A Every. one. will not agrce on their children:. the diffeôt of the mother's imagination from thé feveral of the world, ofer ferent colours: of men AIl that has partsof been written on the many more difficulties. this phenomenon ; men who were fubjedt hasinot explained have: becomel black, red, and brown, originally. white, by the muft union of feveral caufes. (bronzed), --- Page 396 --- TRAVELS thadvox for real almoft all the 46. take falfe tails ones; wore this ornaCc barbarous nations ofanerica < ment, efpecially when they went to.war." which has beén oblerved to ex- "The fimilarity of feveral American naift between the of manners fome of the oldeft nations on tions, and thofe that, this our continent, feems to demenftrate and country was not unknown.in ancient times, that the known or cld parts furchiefly proves the new one with men : how could that nifhed if this had not happenfimilarity be explained, is there in the ed? How great a refemblance cuftoms of th.e Indians, religion, manners, and nations, Thele dewith thofe of fome ancient deftroy moft of thé bold fyftems tails will always ftarted on the of which have been population cfcaAmerica. If they were a colony of people from the deluge, the univerfality of which ped they would have brought is in vain contefted, America. Thoie naanti-diluvian cuftoms into tions tbat were born after this dreadful punithdo they refemble their anceftors that were ment, the floods ? We have not yet light "buried under - encugh upon this fubjedt to make a juft comperifon; we can anfwer nothing to thofe. who jay, wohich Jowoed piants. and That the Almighty hand, could likewvife plaee fraits in all parts of the wwerld, thcn fted, America. Thoie naanti-diluvian cuftoms into tions tbat were born after this dreadful punithdo they refemble their anceftors that were ment, the floods ? We have not yet light "buried under - encugh upon this fubjedt to make a juft comperifon; we can anfwer nothing to thofe. who jay, wohich Jowoed piants. and That the Almighty hand, could likewvife plaee fraits in all parts of the wwerld, thcn --- Page 397 --- S I A N A. 385 L O UI a a,- dan phrafe is not always men there. An ingenious the CreaP this powtrof reafon:" no one dhfpotes to teach us himhe has- been pleafed the world tortebut it was not his will to people. felf, that exiftence to two creatures, fo, and that he gave whole human race. re the origin ofthe who vere - - 3A -E C reft upon the courle All thefe opinions taken, in order to come that men muft have the new ; and it is upon from the"old world to authors found their; wri-.t that moft this dimculty and extenfive knowledge tings. J A more exadt anmitilare all thefe difficulof our globe would that thére is a paffage ties. Itis very probablé, Aunerica 3 I have already which unites Afa to in fpesking of the of it to you; the countries I : faid fomething bones found in' one of : elephants through : this is not a new opinion c Amehave gone has been made long ago. be come at this conjecture Lafiteat, < can < tia," fays Father and accordingly it may c in different places, from all fides'; this is be6 have beèn peopled is but at a little diftance C yond a doubt : it unknown countries ; and < from the fouthern which is perhaps conGrecnland, from < in the north, is not far < tiguous to this new continent, which bound it Thofe parts of Afia but: < Lapland: makc c towards the'land of Tefo, M54 probably l stimt - se, ones, Vot.I. - SE Cc: --- Page 398 --- 386 TRAVELS THROUGH G one continent with, or are at a C6 only little diftance from America, if the C6 ftreights that are fuppofed to be there go to the Tatarian C6 the ocean which furrounds America almoft fea: cc tirely, is ftrewed with ifles, both in the enCc thern and fouthern feas. Men norC6 from ifle to ifle, either may have gone by fhipwreck or C6 mere chance." by This author alledges many reafons to prove, that Nort/s America joins to Tartary, or to fome country contiguous to it; the followingis a very fingular one : You know that ginfeng is originally a native of the Manteheoux Tartary, the Chinele or Tartarian name of it fignifics, the thighs of a man. The Americans, who were long acquainted with it, and made ufe of it, called it gareloguen, which has the fame fignification. IfA merica did not join to Tartary, or if the latter had not peopled the firft, how could their refpeétive inhabitants give names of the fame fignification to the fame plant? I do not fpeak here of etymologies of words that have been corrupted, and which are only found by forcing them; their fignification is here in queftion. Captain William Rogers looks upon it as very probable, that fome Tartsrians pafled over into dmerica: areloguen, which has the fame fignification. IfA merica did not join to Tartary, or if the latter had not peopled the firft, how could their refpeétive inhabitants give names of the fame fignification to the fame plant? I do not fpeak here of etymologies of words that have been corrupted, and which are only found by forcing them; their fignification is here in queftion. Captain William Rogers looks upon it as very probable, that fome Tartsrians pafled over into dmerica: --- Page 399 --- U I S I A 4 A 287 L O obferves, that the fhips which anAmerica: he to Mexico, are obnually go from the Philippines in order to meet liged to fteer to the northward; which rife between with favourable winds, thofe them. He the tropics being always contrary to degrees of adds; that after paffing forty-two with fands and latitude, failors often meet north feem to indicate that they are fhallows, which that thefe coafts near fome coafts. Heimagines; unknown to Euromight well be fome continent with Japans, but peans, and uniting Calforia be the coaits of Kamichatfhould they not rather the eaft difcovered ka, or of that new country to by Captain Bering ? obfervations I Thall add an abftract To thefe in the Mercure Galant of a relation, publifhed I fhall quote the fact, for November 1711. refleétions to confirm or conwithout making any to have gotit out tradict it; the author pretends found in Canadai of a manufcript Ten men refolved to go out upon difcoveries; Iri view to get riches : they embarked with a and went up the river Milffippi. three canoes, they found another river After a long voyage, they carwhich Rowed to the fouth-fouth-welt; continued their naried their canoes to it, and vigation : C C 2 --- Page 400 --- 388 TRAVELS THROUGH vigation : fome time after, they arrived in a country which extended two hundred leagues, and was inhabited by a nation: who called themfelves Eleaaniba. The Frenchmen (for the ten travellers were of that nation) found much gold with thefe Their king pretended to deduce his people. origin from Montezumas his name was Agauzan, and he kept a ftanding army of an hundred thoufand men in time of peace. The Efeaaniba: women were white as the European women ; they and the men of that nation had long ears, to which they faftened gold rings. One of their diftinétions was, to let their nails grow: : polyamong them ; they did not gamy was permitted who lived pay any attention to their daughterss in the greateft liberty, without any one to watch over their conduét. Their country. produced tobacco, various fruits, fome common to. Europe and India, and fome that were peculian to it; the rivers abounded with fith; their forefts were full of game of everykind, and contained above all a great number of parrots. The capital was fituated at fix leagues from the river,. which they. called Milli, Golden river. They valued gold: fo little, that they permitted the French to take as much as they pleafed with. them:: you may. con- , without any one to watch over their conduét. Their country. produced tobacco, various fruits, fome common to. Europe and India, and fome that were peculian to it; the rivers abounded with fith; their forefts were full of game of everykind, and contained above all a great number of parrots. The capital was fituated at fix leagues from the river,. which they. called Milli, Golden river. They valued gold: fo little, that they permitted the French to take as much as they pleafed with. them:: you may. con- --- Page 401 --- I S. I A N A. L O U ufe of thisperthat they made a good for his (hare two conceive, each of them took Their miffion : pounds weight tof gold. hundred and forty from whence they mines were in the mountains, which were dry the gold upon rivulets, brought feafon of the year. during one diftant traded with a nation very French Thefe people in order to make the from them; : and told them, that it required fenfible of it, they The adventuto make the voyage. at the fix months be with the Efcaanibas rers happened to fet out to trade with time when their caravan of three hundred thofe frangers ; it confifted number of loaded with gold : an equal and a oxen with lances, bows, arrows, them: men, armed conduéted and watched kind of daggers, for their gold, back, in exchange they brought lances, and other weapons. foie iron, fteel, in what degree we may I cannot afcertain conjedtured, the adventurers truft this account; whither the Efcaanibas that the diftant country cafe, there muft be a went, was yapan 5 in that and America ; fome between Afa communication attempting to difpute Englifh writers, without believe, that of this account, of the authenticiry trade with the inhabitanrs the favages went to Kant-. Cc 3 --- Page 402 --- TRAVELS THROUGH Kampichatka, or of fome ifle or continent near that peninfula. This communication will never be well afcertained whilft it remains undifcovered *. Conjeétures explain nothing 5 they give probabilities, but go no further: however, be it as it will, it is very probable that fuch a communication exifts: fuppoling there are ftreights that divide thefe two great parts of the world, they cannot have prevented men from penetrating out of one into the other, by croffing thofe ftreights. We muft hope, that the ignorance in which we are at prefent will not laft for ever; the difcoveries which men fhall endeavour to make in the great fouthern or Pacific ocean, will give us more light on this fiubjectt. If, after making * The modern geographical difcoveries, and thofe made by the Rufians, efpecially fufficiently evince, that the fea entirely divides Afia from America 5 there can be no doubt neither of Japan's being an ifle, and unconnedted with the continent of America; it is true, however, that the fea which divides Afa from America near Cape Tchuhfhi, is very nar roW, and not 2 fufficient obitacle to the migration oft the nations that inhabit the north-eaft parts of Siberia into Americas for a further hint concerning the population of that vaft continent, fee Kalm's Travels to North America, vol. iii. p. 125. &c. F. t. When thefe letters were gone to prefs, I heard that the Englin had difeovered ten iflands in that occan. There is an that the fea which divides Afa from America near Cape Tchuhfhi, is very nar roW, and not 2 fufficient obitacle to the migration oft the nations that inhabit the north-eaft parts of Siberia into Americas for a further hint concerning the population of that vaft continent, fee Kalm's Travels to North America, vol. iii. p. 125. &c. F. t. When thefe letters were gone to prefs, I heard that the Englin had difeovered ten iflands in that occan. There is an --- Page 403 --- I S, I A N A. 391 L O U be fome ftreights making voyages that way, why they Mhould alfound, itis no reafon may have really been there: earthquakes com: ways have or neck of land which attridivided the ifthmus many authors bined the two continents : to the fame kind of Gibraltar had bute the freights they fay, of event : the Mediterranean, with the Aclantic : formerly no communication Britain was joined to pretend, that Great and Calais: many the fea feparates Dover Frances now the cafe with Afia and Amecannot this be why rica likewife? of America The time in which the population and indetermiis as obfcure evewas commenced, in which it was peopled; nate as the manneri difficult to penetrate excites ry thing which is they wifh to fee fomething the curiofity of men; and frequently they of it, new, and to fpeak give Cc4 Byron, who of it in the voyage of Commodore the exiflence of an account talked of, and has proved has been fo much believed bythe ancients, rejeaed new giants, which was blindly and now confrmed by chimerical by the moderns, the Englilh will make as difcoveries. The next voyage which minute accounts ; others will furifh us with more a knowledge that way, to imitate them, and perfest the will be encouraged will clear up the difficulties concerning of the South Sea America. juntion cf AFa and --- Page 404 --- 392 TRAVELS THROUGH give us their own chimerical imaginations as fomething real. Among the fngular opinions which this fubjeét has given rife to, I fhall mention that of Marc Lefcarbot, in his Hiftory of New France ; Father Lafiteau thall ftill be my guide on this occafion, and from his work on the manners of the favage Americans, I fhall take what I have to fay on this matter. - < Cc carbot has not fcrupled to advance Lef- <6 tively, and in a manner that very pofi66 goes beyond conjeéture, that Noah was not with 66 the weftern continent, unacquainted (where Lefcarbot was born); and that at leaft he knew it C6 That, having lived three hundred by fame. and €6 years after the deluge, he himfelf had taken fifty 66 care to people, or rather to re-people that 66 country : that, being a good workman, and < an excellent pilot, and being charged to re66 pair the defolation of the earth, he be <6 fuppofed to have conducted his children may thi- <6 ther; and it may have been as cafy to him to <6 havegone through the freights of Gibraltar to Sc Nezo France, Cape Vera, and Brazil, as it was <C to his children to go and fettle in 46 as it was to himfelf to come from the Japan, or ic tains of Armenia into Italy, where he moun66 the Jeniculum upon the banks of the Tiber, founded if <6 we 66 pair the defolation of the earth, he be <6 fuppofed to have conducted his children may thi- <6 ther; and it may have been as cafy to him to <6 havegone through the freights of Gibraltar to Sc Nezo France, Cape Vera, and Brazil, as it was <C to his children to go and fettle in 46 as it was to himfelf to come from the Japan, or ic tains of Armenia into Italy, where he moun66 the Jeniculum upon the banks of the Tiber, founded if <6 we --- Page 405 --- LO U I S I A N A. cc we may credit the < writers." accounts given by profane I doubt whether it is Noah, to find the neceffary to go back to period of the population of vmerica; if, as is very probable, the went over into that continent, it muft Tartars pened in the following have hapwho are not times : , a fet of people, vaft numerous, do not cafily leave the endeavour country they inhabit; they do not fo to feparate from each foon continue together, till, by other; they much, they fpread having multiplied too cumftances more, or till fome other cirforce them to leave their country: : fuch refearches are of little native they are mere matters of curiofity, importance; culty of fatifying that and the diffifrom employing their ought to prevent men time in them. can be afferted with All that feems to have been certainty is, that America inhabited only of late. Poxvell, an Englifh writer, Hiltory of Wales, that, in the mentions, in his was a war in that year I170, there the throne, after the country for the fucceffion to neth. A baftard death of Prince Ocwen Gavintimate took the crown from the children; one. of the latter, legiwas Madoc, embarked in order whofe name to make new dif. coveries; --- Page 406 --- TRAVELS THROUGH coveries; direéting his courfe to the weftward, the fertility and beauty of he came to a country withwhich were amazing. As this country, was Madoc fettled in it; Hakluit out inhabitants, to. affures us, that he made two or three voyages England to fetch inhabitants, who, upon the account he gave them of that fine country, went to fettle with him. The Englifh believe, that this prince difcovered Virginia. Peter Martyr feems to give a proof of it, when he fays, that the nations of and thofe of Guatimala, celebrate the Virginid, of one of their ancient heroes, whom memory Several modern travellers have they callMadoc. Britifh words ufed by the Norths found ancient BiAmerican nations. The celebrated Englith Nicholfon believes, thatt the Welch language fhop the languages has formed a confiderable partof of the American nations ; there are antiquaries who pretend, that the Spaniards got their double 1 (H) from the Americans, who, acor guttural muft have got it from cording to the Englifh, have done, ifI were the Welch. I fhould never all their reafonings to prove the voyto mention Prince Madoc. The Dutch age of the Welch from the brought a bird, with a white head, ftreights of Mogellan, which the natives called Penguin; 3 confiderable partof of the American nations ; there are antiquaries who pretend, that the Spaniards got their double 1 (H) from the Americans, who, acor guttural muft have got it from cording to the Englifh, have done, ifI were the Welch. I fhould never all their reafonings to prove the voyto mention Prince Madoc. The Dutch age of the Welch from the brought a bird, with a white head, ftreights of Mogellan, which the natives called Penguin; 3 --- Page 407 --- UI S I A N A. 395 LO and word is an old Welch one, Penguin, this from hence they conclude, fignifies ahite head; from Waless, the natives originall came that who, acThe Englifa are not the only people, went to Amecording to our hiftorical romances, that the and fettled there : Bayer pretends, rica who ventured Normans were the firft Europeans to fail to that country. afferts that a Bohemian of a Doétor Lochner and difcofamily went to Breft, Columbus diftinguilhed before vered the ftraights of Magellan, Bohemian was the New World; this went to German writers who called Martint. Many feem fuppofition; for it appears, * This, however, is a wrong black and not a white head; that the bird in queftion has a a fat bird, the Penguin butits name is Spanifh, and fat. fignifies F. or rather Pinguin being very for that of author migakes the name of this man of Nu- + Our called Martin Behaim, a native his country: he was his father was a noble fenator of that renberg in Germany; mathematics, and efpecially aftronomy city: after Rudying mathematician yeaunes Reand geography, under the great then governed by giomontanui, he went to the Netherlands, I. of Portugal; he the Princefs Yfabella, daughter to Tohn fitted out for the obtained the command of a fhip, and, there difcoveries: he fet fail. in 1460, purpofe of making failing --- Page 408 --- TRAVELS THROUGH that America fhould bear his name feem to wifh to that of Americo Velpucci, have folpreferably lowed this opinion. Whether thefe traditions are adopted or rewhether they are fabulous or true, it rejeâted, inconteftible that the Americans have the mains fame origin with us 3 among all their errors, they fome ideas that have a great fimihave preferved with thofe, which have been tranfmitted to larity I thall mention to you a piece of us by writing: of differtation on the population an Englifh America, the weftward firft met wih the ifle of Fayal one of failing to all which iflands were afterwards called the Flethe Axoress which Martin Behaim mifh ifles from the firft inhabitants, He then returned, and obtained two fhips, bronghtthither. he cruized in the atlantic for fome time, and at with which the fourth part of the world, and even went laft difcovered Straights Magellan ; he as far as the Araights, now called ef which he laid down all his difcoveries in a fea chart, prethe fifth, of Portugal. This fketch fented to king dlphenfas of Chrifopher Columbus, a Geafterwards fell into rhe hands him with a defire noefe who was at Lisbons and firft infpired thofe unknown countries. When he undertook of vifiting folle owed the fame courfe whieh Marthe voyage, he always and the tjn Behaim had laid down on his chart, performed noble fain as fhort a time as is done now. In the voyage of. Behaim at Nuenbczg, they Aill preferve among other mily drawn with a pen, and coloured by that curiofities a globe difcoveries are marked. F. able navigator, in which all his firft infpired thofe unknown countries. When he undertook of vifiting folle owed the fame courfe whieh Marthe voyage, he always and the tjn Behaim had laid down on his chart, performed noble fain as fhort a time as is done now. In the voyage of. Behaim at Nuenbczg, they Aill preferve among other mily drawn with a pen, and coloured by that curiofities a globe difcoveries are marked. F. able navigator, in which all his --- Page 409 --- L O U I S I A N America, in which A. 397 many American collected, which owe their opinions are preferved by Mafes, c6 The origin to the truths < that there Perwoians believe, <6 all the inhabitants formerly was a deluge, by which <6 a few of their continent perifhed, <6 the excepted, who retired into caverns top of the at <c defeendants higheft mounrains, and whofe <c filled the earth with again. Some ideas, inhabitants 46 thele have been little different from <6 Hiparicla, received by the natives of €c relates. according to what Gemelli The old Carreri < mention hiftories of Mexico an univerfal likewife 46. men, one man and deluge, by which all <c Thele two people, woman excepted, perifhed. cc had. numerous according to the Mexicant, < dren were defcendants ; but all their chil6c with the dumb, till a pigeon endowed them cc. primitive power of fpeech ; they add, that the c fcendants language of the immediate of the decc. luge, couple who furvived the dec was-fplit into fo many was impofible for them dialeéts, that it co other; which after to underftand each < contributed obliging them to <c to make them people the feparate, countries of the earth, different cc tions have Some American a nacc their tradition, that all men derive origin from <6 pretty well with four women, which the Molaic hiftory, agrees which < - makes --- Page 410 --- 398 TRA VEILS THROUCH Cc makes all the nations defcend CE his three fons. All thefe from Noah and 66 fhew, that the Americans traditions manifeftly. GE Noah, and that various are defcendants of 6c Jaic accounts of the Mohiftory are even. come 6c This is fufficient down to them. 6c to overthrow the tem which attributes ftrange fyf Ec anterior anceftors to the Americans to Adam." Does not. this quotation anfwer all the ments of thofe fyftematic argu. us the fruits of writers, who will give their abfurd truths ? Where could the imagination as notions, if they were Americans get thefe luge, and defcended not all pofterior to the deferved the from nations that had pretradition ? It isi eafy to explain, that by length of time, by the mutability of the Indians, ignorance and the true facts, which they have immerfed were committed to their memory, in, fables. The want of charaéters or letters to write down thofe. monuments, certainly impairs the purity of tradition events, foon as it is tranfimitted by word of ; as father to fon, it muft be much mouth from pafling through. fo changed after many generations, The wars which the Indians ever carried among themfelves, have contributed on greatly to hinder by the mutability of the Indians, ignorance and the true facts, which they have immerfed were committed to their memory, in, fables. The want of charaéters or letters to write down thofe. monuments, certainly impairs the purity of tradition events, foon as it is tranfimitted by word of ; as father to fon, it muft be much mouth from pafling through. fo changed after many generations, The wars which the Indians ever carried among themfelves, have contributed on greatly to hinder --- Page 411 --- U I S I A N A: 399 Liw O their fmall number has cerhinder popolation; caufe of the nomadic life they tainly been the the woods in order to lead ; they ran through fettled in all the places fearch for game, and leaving found food in abundance, where they further, whenever it them again in order to go began to fail them. numnerous their wants If they were more become more difficult would increafe; it would this difficulty food for them all; to provide them new ideas: would open their minds, give to provide would feel that it was neceffary mere they from fubliftence more independent a the fruits which the earth produces, chance : them by cultivawould teach them to multiply the ufes of thefe protion; they would fee all them to themduétions, think of appropriating in fome places we fee felves, and fucceed in its they would foon them already cultivate maize, kind of knowledge cultivate other corn ; one would fettle in the would lead to another: : they and be no which they had cultivated, çountry as there are now. longer fuch vagabonds of the Europeans in the norThe fettlement of thefe nations thern parts has engaged many in and fettle in their neighbourhood to come order --- Page 412 --- T RAVEL S THROUGH that amftance from them which order to get defire which the Europeans Thew they want'; the their furs and the eafe with which of: poffefling and fire-armsin exchange they can obtain Brandy the for them, often excite thém to go through woods and hunt in the extent of two hundred around, in order to get thofe things, leagues become real wants to them; thus they which fixed; they prelervé their are only apparentty life, and' the period of their love for a rambling diftant; perhaps civilization feems as yet very will deltroy each other before they come they to it. This lis all thatican be afferted with probabithe of Anerica, my. letter lity on' population if I would only mention a would be too long, what has been faid on this hundredth part. of The fyftems and contrary opinions fubject. would make which have been long publithed, to confiderable volumes ; I have endeavoured confine myfelf to curious obfervations ; thofe who think the Tartars have chiefly furnifhed' with inhabitants, feem to have hit the America cannot believe how great true opinion 5 you ofthe Indian manners is to thofe the refemblance it is found in their of the ancient Scythians; 5 cuftoms and in their religious ceremonies; their food, ftems and contrary opinions fubject. would make which have been long publithed, to confiderable volumes ; I have endeavoured confine myfelf to curious obfervations ; thofe who think the Tartars have chiefly furnifhed' with inhabitants, feem to have hit the America cannot believe how great true opinion 5 you ofthe Indian manners is to thofe the refemblance it is found in their of the ancient Scythians; 5 cuftoms and in their religious ceremonies; their food, --- Page 413 --- U I S I A N A. L O that Horhins is full of characterifics, and I food. curiolity in this refpeôt, may fatisfy your him. defire you to read all thefe difculffions which I fhall now quit of my voyages, and ought to finifh the account fubjeét, more ufeful to ihall fpeak of another to which obferthe human race, in fuffice regard to inftruét us. vation and experience defire of man to live long, As it is the natural to my purpofe, to I hope it will not be foreign life words; how one may preferve fhew in a few and live long in America. finifh my letter by a Îmall difI Thall therefore of managing one's fertation on the method have read, in the Holhealth. Iremember to that Freland Gazetit of the 3d of April:687; has preferved derick Gualdus, a noble Venetian, hundred years 5 it is his life to the age of four of the univerpretended, that he was poffefted of March He left Venice the 7th fal medicine: with him painted by 1686; having his piéture already dead an hundred Titians who was then fure you will agree with and thirty years. Iam exercife and fobriety, procure me in faying, that nations of America knew health. The a perfeét Dd: neither VoL. I. --- Page 414 --- TRAVELS THROUGH neither wine nor brandy two hundred and fixty when the Europeans came to them; years ago, I have already faid, on the Alefh they lived, as roafted, or boiled with of wild beafts dried, made of fome hard maize pounded in a mortar This food is wholefome, and makes a wood. chyles I have lived about two months very good up the river Mobile upon thefe victuals, going that I never with the Indians, and can affirm, health better in my life than at that enjoyed my this is the beft: time. Of all Latin proverbs, Plures gula occidit, quam gladius, sal - and intemperance in eating and Voluptubufnefs more men than the fword. drinking, deftroy to himfelf a Therefore one ought to prefcribe in the hot regimen of life, efpecially proper countries of America. 0 : care muft be taken to be Firft of all, great degrees, and to ab. accuftomed to the climate by all kinds of fruit, and drinking ftain from eating till the body is ufed to it. all forts of liquors, with blood, may be People who are very replete bled from time to time, to prevent - an apoplexy. the will fometimes do well; A gentle purge burning a Therefore one ought to prefcribe in the hot regimen of life, efpecially proper countries of America. 0 : care muft be taken to be Firft of all, great degrees, and to ab. accuftomed to the climate by all kinds of fruit, and drinking ftain from eating till the body is ufed to it. all forts of liquors, with blood, may be People who are very replete bled from time to time, to prevent - an apoplexy. the will fometimes do well; A gentle purge burning --- Page 415 --- I S I A N A. 403 L 0 U and of the fun muft be avoided, burning heat the air at night likewifer drunk too muchi wine, itis neWhen one has fuch as: lemon, ceffary to take four thingss by this means you which is very common there ill, ; nor be overcome will neither find yourfelves follow. Ifthe by the vapours which commonly has been drank heats quantity of liquor which aliments muft be tathe body, fome refrefhing that increafes heat mut taken, but every thing fhould be drank as liquors be avoided : fpirituous burn the blood, and for they little as poffible, eafily caufe a hot fever. too much, ftrong liWhen you have eatenl the fomach, and quors are good to frengthen the contrary, itl haphelp digeltion; 2 but if, on drinking too much", that you are heated by Thofe who pens they would prove very dangerous. are almoft much addi8ted to debauchery faare too with bad dreams, which always tormented almoft to trouble their tigue them fo inuch as mind, D-d,2 that, fince the Americans have * It ought to be remarked, they have like us Mhortened their drank wine and brandy, days. --- Page 416 --- TRAVELS THROUGH mind, becaufe the fumes of the wine, with which their body is filled, fucceflively excite their imagination. It is known by experience, that fober perfons, and thofe efpecially who drink water, Acep quietly, their Acep being neither too flight nor too heavy. It appears, from the fecond chapter of the Life of Apollonins, written by Philofratus, that at Athens thofe who were affliéted with bad dreams applied to the priefts of the falfe deities, in order to. be rid of them; they ordered them to abitain from wine for three or four days; this cleared their imagination, and produced a cure, which they attributed to their gods. If, after taking t0o much food, you are heavy, and your members fatigued, fo that too great an abundance of nutritive juice occalions a plenitude in the whole body, and makes you tired; I believe that, in imitation of the Indians, fweating is an infallible remedy, when the natural heat is affifted with an exterior one; this remedy is infallible, provided it be applied at the firft appearance of the diftemper; the Europeans, in order to perfpire well, get between two blankets, and remain there covered up, the face excepted; they do not get up till they have fweated , fo that too great an abundance of nutritive juice occalions a plenitude in the whole body, and makes you tired; I believe that, in imitation of the Indians, fweating is an infallible remedy, when the natural heat is affifted with an exterior one; this remedy is infallible, provided it be applied at the firft appearance of the diftemper; the Europeans, in order to perfpire well, get between two blankets, and remain there covered up, the face excepted; they do not get up till they have fweated --- Page 417 --- Li OU IS I A N A. fweated well, and about an hour peripiration is performed. : If after the whole fweating is continued this method of find yourfelf fo much during fome days, you and apperite cafed, that your return, and you are frength yourfelf fo light and fo furprifed to fec ipiration all the viftera nimble; for by the perall their fluperfuities, are perfecly cleared of lence done to nature, without pain or any viocines cannot do. In which the ordinary mediought to be done order to be healthy, this fpring, autumn, thrice in the year, viz. and in winter. in My conclufion is, that diet, fweating compofe an univerfal perfpiration, and medicine. Therefore I fay, that nature in all things; from her fhould direét us means of preferving we mufl learn the true to do upon pain of health, the which fhe orders us of death. I have greateft evils, and even frequent exercifes of alrcady the told you, that the ca, fuch as dancing, Indians of North Ameri. filhing, and fighting, playing at ball, hunting, fo much, that it drives increafe their natural heat their bodies by all the fuperfluities out of perfpiration, Why do the peafants --- Page 418 --- 406 TRAVELS THROUGH fants live long, and are healthy, without the affiftance of phyficians ! The perpetual labour in keeps them fo; exercife they are employed and prevents their knowing the gout, gravel, in other infirmities, to which the richer people on account of the refined Europe are fubjeét, and becaufe they make no tafte of their tables, old infirm men. I more ufe of their legs than Malade have known fome, who, Jike Moliere's filled their ftomach with as many imaginaire, drugs as an apothecary's fhop. It has been obferved, in the hot countries of America, that the young Europeans die fooner there than the old ones; ; becaufe the former eat all forts of fruit, which caufe imprudently therefore it is neceffary to them a dyfentery 5 is accuftomeat very little of them, till the body the climate, after which, at the expirar ed to this will caufe no further incontion of a year, veniencies, thefe precautions, I will warBy obferving will live longer in this part of rant, that people in the old one. There are the world than who have alive in Louifana, now many people its frft fettlement. I faw been there ever fince a planter --- Page 419 --- S I A N A: L OUI called Graveliné, aged one hundred a planter who came hither with M. and eighteen years, he ferved in Canada as a dIereille, in 1698; in the reign of foldier for about thirty years, Lewis the Fourteenth. I am, S I R, 8cc; End of the FIRST VOLUME: . C --- Page 420 --- --- Page 421 --- --- Page 422 --- --- Page 423 --- E71 B746 --- Page 424 ---