--- Page 1 --- Weekly Every Haili 10c Sun Sunday FORT-AU-PRINCE, HAITI DE Avenue Marie-Jeanne - CITE DUMARSAIS ESTIME Ll Phone 2061 LE Vol XIV 1 SUNDAY MAY 211h, 1961 11 No:28 Episcopal Church President Takes 100 Years In Haiti Oath For New The: 15. Bells in Holy Trinity Haitian Folk Mass Following the procession three tower will chime forth the 100th robed vestTerm priests, in the gold Monday amniversary of the Episcopal Opens Celebration ments the church reserves for PROGRAM OF MANIFESTA- plomatic Missions accredited in Church in Haiti this morning at festive occasions, will begin the TIONS OF MAY 22nd AND Haiti, members of the Cabinet, D o'clock. Inside the cathedral, Axtell Kellogg, Bishop of the Mass. The Very Rev. Roger De- 23rd 1961. high ranked officials, Officers of world famous for its primitive Dominican Republic, Albert Er sir, Dean of the Cathedral, will Monday May 22nd Army Staff, newspapermen and murals, trumpeters and organ vine Swift, Missionary Bishop of be the Celebrant. The Rev. Fr. 0 hour.-21 cannon-salute from official guests. will- open. the Solemn Procession Puerto Rico and the Virgin Is- N. Caryle Spitz will be Gospel- Fort National 8:45.-His Excellency Dr Franled by the Rt. Rev. Arthur C. lands, and John Bentley, Vice er, and the Rev. Fr. Luc Gar- 8:15.-Opening of the Extra- cois Duvalier, on the invitation of Lichtenberger, President Bishop, President of the National Coun- nier will be episteler. ordinary Session of National As: a delegation of Congressmen arand the Rt. Rev. C. Alfred Voe- cil. (Continued on page 19) sembly, at Palais Legislatif. rives from his residence at Desseli, Missionary Bishop of Haiti. 8:30.-Arrival at Palais Legis- prez at the Palais Legislatif aclatif of Honorable Heads of Di- companied by Chief of Protocole, Cross-bearers, torch-bearers, Chief of Army Staff, Commanand thurifers with their swinging dant of Police Department of incense, will lead the procession Port au Prince, Commandant of Legislature that will include the Sisters and Officers of Presidential St. Margaret, Haiti's 20 native Ratifies Guard, in order to take the priests, and six Bishops of the oath. Church. 2nd. Term The Bishops include Spence He comes into the Grande and Salle of Palais Legislatif Burton, S.SJ.E., Lord Bishop: of Sunday morning from 10:30 to takes a seat opposite the triNassau and Suftragan Bishop of 1:30 PM the first session of the bune of the chairman of NationHaiti from 1939 to 1942, Paul 39th Legislature was solemnly al Assembly. opened under the presidency of (Continued on page 18) Luc Francois and the Vice PreLady Chases sidency of Jean Julme with 56 Haitian Birds deputies in attendance. Declared Holidays At the end of the roll call, Reputy Fritz-Moise- nsked for the By a Presidential decree pubHarriet Burkhart, white-haired floor in order to propose to his lished in the official gazette lady with an itchy foot, stepper colleagues the vote of a propos- LLe Moniteur' Friday, May 22, down on Haitian soil last: Satur ed decree ratifying the popular 23, 24 were declared public holiday with a bubbling enthusiasm wish." days for schools, public employ. deputies in attendance. Declared Holidays At the end of the roll call, Reputy Fritz-Moise- nsked for the By a Presidential decree pubHarriet Burkhart, white-haired floor in order to propose to his lished in the official gazette lady with an itchy foot, stepper colleagues the vote of a propos- LLe Moniteur' Friday, May 22, down on Haitian soil last: Satur ed decree ratifying the popular 23, 24 were declared public holiday with a bubbling enthusiasm wish." days for schools, public employ. to investigate a few things here The speaker recalled that the ees and commerce. in keeping with her work, he revolutionary government of Sephobbies, vocations, avocations tember 22, conformed with the and various burning interests populàr aspirations, has never $77,340 FOR FETE That she got off on the wrong ceased its steps towards progfoot didn't stop this enthusiasm ress for the good of all. "I ask, A check of $77,340 was handone bit. said he, that my colleagues ac- ed over to the committee res: First of all, Harriet, who has cord, in favor of this decree, the ponsible for organizing the May been living in Jamaica for two benefit of urgency and imme- 22 celebrations by the commitvears and who is headed back-to diate vote. tee of Industry and Commerce the U.S. on vacation, had cablReaching the tribune, Deputy who collected the funds from ed the Chatelet des Fleurs which Mgr Charles Alfred Voegeli the Missionary, Lavoisier Lamothe declared: business establishments in the (Corftinued on page 17) Bishop of Haiti sincé 1943. (Continued on page 2) Capital. 158th. FLAG DAY OBSERVED AT ARCAHAIE Speakers at May 18th Flag Day commemorative service: President Dr. Francois Duvalier, Minister of National Education, Rev. Hubert Papailler, Colonel Marcel Colon and Administrator of the Archdiocese, Rev. Angenor. (photo Dietz) --- Page 2 --- PAGE 2 HAIH SUNDAY MAY 21ST, 1961 9R Legislature Ratifies Second Term (Continued trom page 1) ithe Nation; April 30, 19S1 elections. the Hai The Haitian People have prov- Considering, however, that tian People, using fully its Co 1Sen to the entire world that they President Dr. Francois Duva- titutional prerogatives, want to have attained a great mature lier had to take the oath oi, oi- substitute to the Sept. 22, 135 spirit, in giving to their spirit- fice on an outdated Constitu- mandate given to this Citizen ual leader the massive vote of tion, symbol of an abhored re- a new mandates whose diration April 30, so that he could con- gime; that until now, only te isr set by article 87 of the find tinue his work of- union and transistory organic dispositions amental Law: reace begun four years ago. Theof the 1957 Constitution -have THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY act of April is a spontaneous been applied: and that thereSTATES: act. To guarantee and also res- from, the Government bori Art. 1.-According to the sovl pect the popular wish, Lask my from the revolution constantly ereign will of the Haitian Penple Camhonorable colleagues of the as- facing reactionary: and subvers- expressed in the April 30, 1961 President DUVALIEE talking with youthful Deputy Luckner sembly to give to the proposition ive activities, appears to the elections, to the mandate of the bronne during the Arcahaie Flag Day celebrations. of Deputy Fritz Moise the ur- Haitian People, under the char- President of the Republic. give" gency and immediate vote." acteristics of a quasi temporary to Citizen Dr Francois Duvalier The President of thed Assembly State apparatus, taking definite on September 22, 1957, it is an1 invited then a commission com- steps conformed with the perma- it remains substituted new appreciated and applauded for, gues that every May 18, the posed of the Deputies Lamothe, nent dispositions of the new presidential mandate whose dur long time. Legislative Power is represented Cayard, Pierre-Paul, Chery, Ro- fundamental law; ation, set by Art. and immediate vote." acteristics of a quasi temporary to Citizen Dr Francois Duvalier The President of thed Assembly State apparatus, taking definite on September 22, 1957, it is an1 invited then a commission com- steps conformed with the perma- it remains substituted new appreciated and applauded for, gues that every May 18, the posed of the Deputies Lamothe, nent dispositions of the new presidential mandate whose dur long time. Legislative Power is represented Cayard, Pierre-Paul, Chery, Ro- fundamental law; ation, set by Art. 87 of the Cons A few minutes later the Presi- at the manifestations taking senfort, and Adolphe to study Considering that the resigna- titution, will extend from May dent ofthe Assembly: read alet ace in Arcahaie for flag's day. the proposition of Deputy Moise, tion of the Chamber of Deputies 15, 1961 to May 15, 1967; ter to addressede to the Chamber A delegation to represent the The session was suspended and that of the Senate elected by the Chief of State. Congratu- Jnique Chamber on flag's day from 10:50 am till 11:30 at which under the August 28, 1957 de- Art. 2.Citizen Dr. Francois ating and thanking the depu was chosen: Deputies Constant, time the reporter of the com- cree, incited the population to Duvalier will take the oath, May ties, he said that her will take Kernisan, Cayard, Balezar, St. mission, Deputy Lessage Chery, deeply desire to give to Dr Fran- 15, 1961 at 10:30 AM, to the Na oath. before the-National Assem- Fort. Estriplet. Augustin, Moise read from the tribune this im- cois Duvalier, the true pieture. tional Assembly, the oath set bybNF May 22, 1961 at 10:30 AM Camy. Lamothe, and the Champortant decree of the National of the Revolution, an identical article 89 of the Constitution; (heavy applauses), ber's secretary Mr Felix BailAssembly: status to the one of the elected Art. 3The present decree The question-being closed. De- lergeau. DECREE oF membersiof the Unique Assem- will be published. and executed. puty Gabriel Augustin took the THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY bly. who will have, from now Made at the Legislative Pal- stand to remind his collea- Le Nouvelliste, May 15, 1961. In view of Articles 45, 55, 86, on, to run the Legislative Dower ace, in the 158th year of our In87, 89, 98, 182 of the Constitu- in order that the two political dependence. tion; powers of the State; have the This decree was discussed and In view of the official report same start with the 1957 Consti-l then voted by unanimity THE LETTER OF PRESIDENT DUVALIER by the Central Office for thel tution, as far as its original The Chairman chose the depu TO THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY control Of Electoral operations structure is concerned; ties: Cambronne, Kernisant, on May 7. 1961; Considering that the April 30, Obas, Blanc, Auguste as: delega- Mr The President of Central Census 1961 pole results thus constitute tes to present to Citizen Dr. Ireport office, Considering that the special the necessary reward of the Hai- Francois Duvalier, at the Na- Mr The Vice President Iask you to assign the date of session called on April 30., 1961, tian People's revolutionary ef tional Palace, this act of the I wish to acknowledge receipt May 22nd for my taking oath in accordance with the decree forts, which tend, since the glo: National Assembly. Obas, Blanc, Auguste as: delega- Mr The President of Central Census 1961 pole results thus constitute tes to present to Citizen Dr. Ireport office, Considering that the special the necessary reward of the Hai- Francois Duvalier, at the Na- Mr The Vice President Iask you to assign the date of session called on April 30., 1961, tian People's revolutionary ef tional Palace, this act of the I wish to acknowledge receipt May 22nd for my taking oath in accordance with the decree forts, which tend, since the glo: National Assembly. The meet of your message of the date. ot of office. of the Executive Power, concer- rious days of January 1946, to- ing once more was adjourned May 14, 1961 by which you in: I seize this occasion to express ning the expiration of the depu- wards obtaining political life until 12:30 PM when the Dele- vite me in conformity with art to you the assurance of my very ties' mandate and the caducity conditions and social reforms gates came back. icle 55, line I of the present high consideration. of that of the senators of the last in accordance with the human It was Deputy Kernisan's pri- constitution to come and take Doctor Francois Duvalier legislature, the Primary Assem- fundamental rights, these pole vilege to tell his colleagues of oath of office May 15th before President of the Republic blies elected not only the depu- results are nevertheless, a mean- the President's welcome words. your high Assembly. ties of arrondissements forming ingful manifestation of the Na- Deputy Michel Auguste did the Mr The President of the Nationthe legislative chamber, as tional Sovereignty; same And Mr Luckner Cam- I am honored to have deserv- al Assembly prescribed by article 48 of the Considering, in particular, that bronne, young deputy of the 6th ed the confidence of the Haitian Mr The Vice President of The Constitution, but also elected the titulars of public functions circumscription, stated: "I want people, who have invested in me National Assembly Citizen Doctor Francois Duva- possessing a mandate ruled by to repeat the Chief of State's a new six years term. In accept Legislative Chamber lier to the Presidency of the the Constitution or by the Law, exact words. He told us: 4T arice of the decision of the Sov: City of the Exposition Republic; are beneficiaries of new Consti- have elosely watched the last ereign, confiemed by the official In Town. Considering that the Central tutional or legal mandates from events, I accept the People's Office instituted for the control the time of their last investitu- will, because being a revolutionof electoral operations, have, as re, if while in charge they are ary I do not have the right not a matter of fact, proclatmed newly appointed by the compet to hear the People's voiee. I am WILSON Citizen Doctor Francois Duva: ent Authorities; satisfied with the Unique ChamMier President elect of the Repuber's work. The Deputies underWDilson blic, as per the May 7, 1961 of- Considering, furthermore, that stand that it is their duty to € ficial report. the Chief of State, elected once! work for the people and not for & Considering it necessary to more during a constitutional their own benefits." The speak determine the meaning and the mandate, is in the position ofl er continued, reminding that PERRY be: FRED full understanding of that mas- the one who would have been ing the representatives of the Fred. PERRY sive vote that the Haitian peo- reelected by the Primary Assem- people we have no right to ignple spontaneously- gave on that blies convening in accordance ore him. You must fight, he SPORT ARTICLES historic day of April 30, 1961 towith the dispositions of article emphasized, with the Chief of NEW Citizen Doctor Francois Duva-199 of the fundamental law; State to rid this beautiful counlier, electing him President off Considering, furthermore, that try of ignorance, poverty and A AAI the Republic while still a Presi- it the Chief of State can be re- diseases which are man's shaSPORTSHOP dent in office, this Citizen having elected in view of the future me. on that blies convening in accordance ore him. You must fight, he SPORT ARTICLES historic day of April 30, 1961 towith the dispositions of article emphasized, with the Chief of NEW Citizen Doctor Francois Duva-199 of the fundamental law; State to rid this beautiful counlier, electing him President off Considering, furthermore, that try of ignorance, poverty and A AAI the Republic while still a Presi- it the Chief of State can be re- diseases which are man's shaSPORTSHOP dent in office, this Citizen having elected in view of the future me. EAXENST ESSNN IASSNNST EANSN not yet reached the end of his termination of his mandate, or Our revolution is the revolumandate given him September ater the vacaney of the Presi tion of the it must TONLAC Joe ETIENNE 22, 1957; dency "by resignation or by clude the entire People, nation in in: its O Considering that the ultimate any other carse" can the Peo- cope. The back country has effort of the Revolution of De- ple with its sovereign power been neglected for too long. It 1377 Carlstroem St. cember 1956, besides electing give him a new mandate after is time to think of the real counCitizen Doctor Francois Duva- spontareously putting an end to try. lier to the Presidency of the the preceeding one: The real country understood PORT AU PRINOE Republic, also voted the procla- Considering, consequently that, that, this is the reason- why it mation of the Constitution actu- it should be remembered that gave a new 6 year mandate HAITI ally in forcey which is the sup- in electing Dr Francois Duva- ts chief, Dr Francois to reme safeguard of the rights ofl Duvalier". Elienne lier to the Presidency in the These words were Coe very much --- Page 3 --- SUNDAY MAY 21ST, 1961 "HAITI SUN" PAGE 8 It is evident that the success- the cane into pieces, This operors took into. consideration the ation facilitates the crushers' soil's influence on the quality work, increasing the percentage of the rhum. They already were of A Of juice The crushing Rhum squeezed, 1862-1962 Century Making careful about the processes that of the cane is obtained through made rhum Barbancourt fam- two sets of mills. After going RHUM BARBANCOURT THE this contact with the old time: Rapidly, rhum Barbancourt ous. In spite of the industrializ- through the first one, the bagFINEST RUM FROM planning and organization were won the first place on the local ation of the plant they maintain- asse is sprinkled with water SO SUGAR CANE the basis of the new enterprise. market and was starting to sell ed the preeminent role of the as to increase the second crushBesides these qualities essential in France. - But modifications human element such as the pre- er's efficiency. This way, more It was in 1862 that Mr Dupre to success, was a thorough know: brought to our commercial vailing place of the distiller and than 90 per cent of the sugar Barbancourt established his dis- ledge of the art that was about treaty with France chaned the the one of the "chais" master. is extracted from the cane, The tillery on "Habitation TEtoile", to be launched. treaty. of export development If the qualities essential to the mills operate at a pressure of hot far from Damien. The old It. was in Cognac, France, with this. country. rhum, which were acquired 1 and a half tons per square plans still exist in the records that Dupre Barbancourt had However, production was al- through long experience, had to inch, their capacity is 7 tons pthe firm. learnt the principles of distilla- ready Important: be kept, tasting should not and per; hour. Theys work only. 8 tion, There, the old Charentaise At that time, the clairin was could not be entirely replaced hours a day. We saw: the first records of the methods had imposed a code of furnished by the distilley esta- by. acquired 1 and a half tons per square plans still exist in the records that Dupre Barbancourt had However, production was al- through long experience, had to inch, their capacity is 7 tons pthe firm. learnt the principles of distilla- ready Important: be kept, tasting should not and per; hour. Theys work only. 8 tion, There, the old Charentaise At that time, the clairin was could not be entirely replaced hours a day. We saw: the first records of the methods had imposed a code of furnished by the distilley esta- by. the automatic control of the establishment, we touched the principles which, adapted to the blished on "Habitation l'Etoile", stills and the laboratory tests. Coming out of the mills, the Sld sheets upon which the first Haitian conditions, have guar but the rhum was processed in The same century-old distillation bagasse is dry enough to be fed plan of the distillery was drawn anteed, from the very beginning, town. The sale-room was locat- process had to be used: the dir- immediately, as fuel, to the 200 logether with all the detailed the excellency and the high ed: in the same brick building ect use of the sugar cane juice, H.P. boiler supplying the plant's Haily operations. quality, of the product from the that we know today at Rue 'des fermentation by selected yeast power. It should be noticed that There is a definite feeling in Barbancourt distillery. Cesars. (the yeast is of local strains), it is the main source of energy After Dupre Barbancourt's and double-batch distillation, for the crushing and distilling N death, "Habitation l'Etoile" The modern and the old meet operations. changed hands, and the rhum in a harmonious, profitable and The bagasse arrives automatiwas re-distilled from clairin obt- useful whole, cally from the crushers to the ained according to strict specifi:" As a mater of fact, what strik- boiler by a chain conveyor. An cations imposed upon the supp- es the most at first sight is the operator is there to see that liers. plant's equilibrium, wide alleys the boiler is not ever-fed and This concern of maintaining serving on one side the arrival the bagasse in excess is stored the product's quality by apply- of the sugar cane, and all around for later use. ing strict traditional procedu- the main buildings these alleys res, and by using choice raw are opened to traffic, The juice is first roughly seivmaterials, explains why the This feeling of balance will ed when coming out of the crunumber of customers kept in-e even be stronger as one enters shers. It is again thoroughly creasing with time. The plant the plant and while being ini- seived after pasteurization. was modernized because condi- tiated to the different operations Pasfeurization is obtained at - tions were favorable after the from the handling of the raw 80 degrees C before clarification, second world war and because material to the refined product. which is slowly done in large of the ever increasing demand. It is an opportunity to praise settling tanks. The clarified These changes were also fav- Haitian techniques. The design juice is then pumped into vats ored by the potentialities pre- and the erection of the plant where it is ventilated and where sented by the rum industry were made by Louis Gardere, a it receives the first nutrients which could be as profitable to graduate engineer of our engin- favoring fermentation in the this country as it is to the other eering school, and by Haitian following operation. Caribbean islands where rum specialists. This flawless realiz- From there, the juice is coolranks as a main export: ations is a proof of what the ed on its way to fermentation It is with great pleasure that Haitian element is capable of in vats. There are 6 of these with Mr Jean Gardere took us the industrial development of a capacity of 12,000 gallons each, through the elaborate set up of our country. totalling 72,000 gallons, Fermenthe plant. It was possible for us to visit tation last 3 days at a temperThe new Barbancourt plant the plant in operation since it ature varying from 28 to 30 dewas erected in the "Plaine du is harvest time. a proof of what the ed on its way to fermentation It is with great pleasure that Haitian element is capable of in vats. There are 6 of these with Mr Jean Gardere took us the industrial development of a capacity of 12,000 gallons each, through the elaborate set up of our country. totalling 72,000 gallons, Fermenthe plant. It was possible for us to visit tation last 3 days at a temperThe new Barbancourt plant the plant in operation since it ature varying from 28 to 30 dewas erected in the "Plaine du is harvest time. grees C. This temperature is Cul de Sac" not far from the The weighed sugar cane is obtained by water dripping along first place chosen by: the found- directly transported by convey- the vats outer sides. er. ors, equipped with knives to cut (Continued on page 6) The, instrument control panel of the still. a The assembly line in the immaculately clean bottling room. An aerial view Barbancourt Distillery at "Habitation l'Etoile" --- Page 4 --- PAGE 1 "HAITISUNS SUNDAY MAY 21S1, 1961 Tling prices have cost Latin Ame- where the U.S. must not bear 8150 Million For Latins This Year rica $800 million; he pointed out. most of the costs." Self-Help Factor Mr. Herrera said, We will folMore investment, increasing low only the soundest banking Bank economic integration and full de- principles in granting our credvelopment of Latin America's We want risks Hemisphere its. good who inResources, he declared, are hard tend to develop. specific proly less essential to the twenty jects.' Lending Rises American republics which belong to- the bank: Soft and Hard Loans All of this, he asserted, must This will hold true, he said, By RICHARD LAWRENCE dits over the next two years, Mr Within ten years, he predicted, be brought about through "self- for both "soft" and "hard" Herrera said. Latin America's now-shaky eco- help," a basic guideline to IDB loans. The hard loans, to be re- (In The "Journal of Commerce" Since starting formal opera- nomy has a good chance of operation. paid in the currency lent -usuMay 1st.) tion last October, the bank has reaching adulthood and he forally U.S. dollars- will be drawn authorized loans of about $50 mil- esees IDB playing an important The bank, Mr Herera said, from an $850 million fund. About Washington de The Inter-Ame- lion, spread over eight Latin' part. was embarking on no "giveaway $150 million will be made availrican Development Bank will American republics. The first The bank," he added, "off- program". and that its primary lable for loans repayable in local lend Latin America close to two were made in February. Pers no panacea, however, to La- task was to "assist and help] currency. $150 million in economic aid this The 38-year-old former Econo- tin America's economic and SO- sustain? Latin America's own Thus far, most of IDB's credcalendar year, according to Fe- mics Minister of Chile, describ- cial problems. Only a prospering efforts towards gaining econom- its have been granted to local lipe Herrera, president of the ing the great promise the bank foreign trade will really guaran- ic security. development banks, which in bank. held for improving inter-Ameri- tee economic growth." "As a matter of fact,' > he de- turn invest in relatively smallAs President Kennedy's chief can relations, termed IDB the Mr Herrera emphasized that clared, *the Latin American scale projects in industry, agrifiscal agency for Latin Americ- long-missing "vital link" need- a healthy Latin America de- members are contributing 55 culture and mining. Mr Herrera a's new social development pro- ed in hemispheric co-operation. pends ultimately on fair and per cent of the bank'srtotal res- expected this trend to continue, gram, IDB will also advance anstable prices for its raw mater- ources, and IDB stands as one if no tgrow. other $394 million worth of cre-l Bank Role Cited 2 ials. In the last five years, fal-l lof the few international agencies (Continued on page 8) Main Office in in1 PETIONVILLE Office Away Or At Home A Car PORT- -AU-T -PRINCE Sinclaiel Gas Station Chérie distance Haili Shont from all PETIONVILLE Holels. Of Your Own NEXTTORCA: Building Phone:: 7436 Opp.ROYAL BANK: SCANADA (Tyt, Phone:3968 Jéwoutel) Avis RENT-3-CAR In the last five years, fal-l lof the few international agencies (Continued on page 8) Main Office in in1 PETIONVILLE Office Away Or At Home A Car PORT- -AU-T -PRINCE Sinclaiel Gas Station Chérie distance Haili Shont from all PETIONVILLE Holels. Of Your Own NEXTTORCA: Building Phone:: 7436 Opp.ROYAL BANK: SCANADA (Tyt, Phone:3968 Jéwoutel) Avis RENT-3-CAR AMERICAN EXPRESS AND DINERS CLUB CREDIT CARD HONORED Cars Free Available Pe-Day/24hs) PlusoeporMile Road Maps, Opel Information (4 DOOR) Pick-up and delivery WEEKLY RATE ,00 Hillman Minx $35,-per Week from hotels, dirport Plus 8t per Mile MG (On Application) and pier ALL RATES INCLUDE GRS.OILLINSURANCE FOR RESERVALIONS, ROAD MAPS AN SUGGESTED ITINERARIES, WRITE OR CABLE A1 VIS CAR RENTALS P.O. Box 602 PORLALFRINCE HAITI. --- Page 5 --- SUNDAY MAY 21S1, 1961 "HAITI SUN" PAGE 5 Vacationists, including honey-1 the "veves" with flour on the HAIT I SUN mooners, bring casual clothes, dirt floor, while the measured THE HAITIAN ENGLISH LANGUAGE NEWSPAPEE LETTERS shorts and swim suits for most gyrations and chantings of other Community Weelly Published Sunday Morning to the hotels have pools. participants, stemming from the Golf is available. is heart flow back EditorPublisher BERNARD DIEDERICH Shopping black of Africa, exciting for Port au Prince is and forth. Gerant-Responsable MAUCLAIR LABISSIERE a EDITOR free port. Danish silver, En- On Wednesdays and Saturdays MEMBER OF THE INTER-AMERICAN PRESS ASSN. glish china, French perfumes there is a midnight show and ESTABLISHED IN 1950 9 May 1961 Wm Wh are arrayed with countless other dancing at the Club Bacoulou HAITI SUN items. Haiti itself offers superb and the Cabane Choucoune. GUEST EDITORIAL Editor handicrafts in mahogany, straw Both draw big crowds. Port au Prince, Haiti, and sisal. After that if the gay mood Education Given To Future Priests Dear Editor: For those interested in the un- lingers, down near the waterAgricultural Enclosed is a copy of a travel usual there is the Haitian art front is the Rendezvous, where At The Grand Seminaire Notre-Dame story on Haiti which has just movement to investigate. First a juke box is stocked with songs been released to travel and feat that calls for a stop at the Cen- from Tin Pan Alley: Just a few IN LE JOUR 6 ure editors of a number of lead- tre d'Art, 15 Rue de la Revolu- doors away is La Fregate, a ing papers throughout the USA. tion, where the work of a var- small hideaway decorated in To permit our priests of the future to better intergrate into the We thought you would be in iety of artists may be studied. nautical style. milieu where they are to exercise their holy functions, it has been terested in seeing this evidence Then comes a visit to Holy Tri- By. then it could be three Dof publicity for Haiti by Pan nity Cathedral on whose walls clock in the morning and time agreed upon to provide Seminarists at the Grand Seminaire Notre- American. It is part of our pro- have been painted a spectacular for the mad whirl to end beDame, in Turgeau, with theoretical and practical education in motional efforts to encourage mural affording an excellent op- cause on the morrow 1s the trip farming. where they are to exercise their holy functions, it has been terested in seeing this evidence Then comes a visit to Holy Tri- By. then it could be three Dof publicity for Haiti by Pan nity Cathedral on whose walls clock in the morning and time agreed upon to provide Seminarists at the Grand Seminaire Notre- American. It is part of our pro- have been painted a spectacular for the mad whirl to end beDame, in Turgeau, with theoretical and practical education in motional efforts to encourage mural affording an excellent op- cause on the morrow 1s the trip farming. Lessons are given by technicians of Dept. of Agriculture travel to your country. portunity to study Haitian tal- to the Citadel. and our seminarists are porforming their training jn a vegetable Best regards. ent. There is a $40 package tour garden around Villa Manrese. This week, they are going to start the S Roger Cordially, Wolin of PAA. a Then tour the of traveler can that start on that can be purchased from a the shops carry reforestation of (La Grotte", on Morne I'Hopital. This project is the output of artists. On occa- travel agent in Port au Prince the States under the supervision of Forestry Service agents of Damiens who HAITI IS ROMANTIO SPOT sions small worthwhile paintings or departure in through United Pan Ameri- before provide the seedlings. FOR HONEYMOONERS can be picked up for as little can or any travel agency. It's an excellent idea to instill in our future priests a minimum as $2. It includes one way fare Port au Prince, Haiti Fall- After plane of agricultural knowledges; they will be able to help our poor ing in love is wonderful, as any fishing, golf, sa iling, swimming, spear- from Port au Prince to Cap have waterskiing, communities where they to practice, couple with a June wedding date shopping or sightseeing in Port Haitien turn to on Port the north Prince coast; remarked on the calendar. will tes- au Prince, luncheon at Le Per- (164 miles); a au horse and by guide car TAXES AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT tify. choir isi in order. It (is located to go- up the mountain on which In NEW YORK TIMES Falling in love with Haiti is 3,000 feet up the mountain call- the Citadel is located; a night's also wonderful and for a vaca- ed Boutillier. The view: Representative Hale Boggs, Democrat of Louisiana, has emerg- tion or: a honeymoon there is city, the dark mountains of and the lodging in Cap Haitien and three ed: as the most articulate Congressional opponent ot the Adminis: hardly a more romantic spot in the aquamarine bay is breath- meals. tration's proposals for ending the deferral of United States taxa- the Americas as those who have taking. The food is delicious. The Citadel is the fantastic tion on protits earned by American companies' subsidiaries in been there readily testify. Then one should drive the rest fortress King Henri Christophe advanced industrial countries. His argument deserves an answer. Haiti, reached easily and of the way up the mountain to built in the early 19th century. A member of the Ways and Means Committee, Mr Boggs argues fortably via Pan American com- Kenscoff to see more view and, It was never finished and the that ending this tax subsidy for investment in industrialized coun- World Airways, shares the is- on market days, to mingle in the ruins are among the marvels of jumble of fruits, vegetables, New tries will not spur American investment in undor-developed coun- land of Hispaniola with the Do- chickens and vendors. the the mountain World. At the the remains base of tries. are This misses the point, we believe. The point is that no Iminican Republic. It is a many Afterwards there is just time of his Sans Souci palace. national purpose is served by continuing to subsidize through the splendored tropical land, the to shower and change for dintax system American investment in countries that have more than world's first Negro republic and ner and that gives the feminine Haiti was once the pride of in the Western Hemisphere, the France's overseas possessions. recovered from World War II and are now fully capable of gener: only French-speaking republic. At the the remains base of tries. are This misses the point, we believe. The point is that no Iminican Republic. It is a many Afterwards there is just time of his Sans Souci palace. national purpose is served by continuing to subsidize through the splendored tropical land, the to shower and change for dintax system American investment in countries that have more than world's first Negro republic and ner and that gives the feminine Haiti was once the pride of in the Western Hemisphere, the France's overseas possessions. recovered from World War II and are now fully capable of gener: only French-speaking republic. visitor, bride or otherwise, an It was the first country in Latin ating their own capital supply. But to end this subsidy is not to opportunity to don party finery. America to seek freedom from prohibit investment in, say, West Germany or Britain. Rather As there are numerous places European ties. The struggle to eat it. is wise not to: make it'is to leave the incentive for such investment to market forces hotel arrangements that include and gave a Haiti heritage a turbulent of problems history still that are: undistorted by subsidy element. all meals. unsolved. Althoug h Haitians We would suggest there is one way in which the proposed tax FOR YOU WHO SEEK THE Le Picardie is a French rest- could be crushed with what they change might be used directly to stimulate investment in under- UNUSJAL IN VACATIONS aurant and by 7:30 p.m., under have to wrestle with, they have developed countries, This would be by continuing the tax deferral Come to subdued lights, the tables begin this sentence printed on the ento fill. If it is Wednesday or privilege for profits earned by subsidiaries in advanced countrics Saturday, voodoo ceremonies are for try card two each dollars visitor must buy and then reinvested within a reasonable length of tme in underHAITI presented at a small downtown "Happiness waits upon for arrivel: you in developed, countries. De (NEW YORK TIMES) stadium and tickets may be pur Haiti." And they are right. chased at the entrance. Perfor mance time varies; and it is ad- STEPHEN BROS visable to check in advance at M.V. HAITI TRADER the hotel desk but 9:30 p.m. is M. V. HAITI MERCHANT Tobacco tastes best often the opening hour. PERSONALLY SUPERVISED when the filter's recessed Once the voodoo rites were LOADING AND UNLOADING carried out secretly and outsid- SERVE HAITI AND FLORIDA ers were discouraged, but now forthnightly sailings of the Parliament portions of. voodoo are presented Miami- Port au Prince -Miaml as a tourist attraction. MIAMI ADDRESS: stay at HOSTELLERIE The houngan (witch doctor) Telephone: Highiand 61767 makes the intricate designs ofl Franklin 9-7228 TOSEPH NADAL. AGENTS du ROI aau san mmaA CHRISTOPHE neor the Citade' of King Christophe to.. HSambent CAP-HAITIEN Special Trijp Colonial atmosphere, tropicali CAP-HATIEN AND THE CITADEL IDENTITY PHOTOS park, air-conditioned, filtered ONE WAY BY PLANE,ONE WAY BY LIMOUSINE PASSPORT PHOTOS pool, parking. ideal for gourDEVELOPING mets, artists, honeymooners & de ALL unusual. ENLARGEMENTS rovelerscuricusofihex INCLUDED REPRODUCTIONS) Superb food. Moderate rates. OPERATED By CHRISTOPHE TOURS Fastest Service In Town US. Representaliye: AVENUE PAN AMERICAINE Ave Marie-Jeanne, No. 5 William P Welfe,Orgonisation PETION-VILLE HAITI Cite de PExpositipn Moin Officer 500Tifth Aves N. Y P.O.BOX 312 - phone:7761 or see your travel agent. - --- Page 6 --- PAGE 6 HATTISUN SUNDAY MAY 21S1, 1961 tain regions, is quite important much in our favor.. est Service In Town US. Representaliye: AVENUE PAN AMERICAINE Ave Marie-Jeanne, No. 5 William P Welfe,Orgonisation PETION-VILLE HAITI Cite de PExpositipn Moin Officer 500Tifth Aves N. Y P.O.BOX 312 - phone:7761 or see your travel agent. - --- Page 6 --- PAGE 6 HATTISUN SUNDAY MAY 21S1, 1961 tain regions, is quite important much in our favor.. Haiti at a comes from the hot and livel Rhum Barbancourt.. and sugar, syrup and alchohol time imported respectively 80 soil of Haiti. are waiting for a market. In the 60 per cent of the Canadian pro- Our visit to the plant hag'ce (Continued from page 3) ar cane fields, about 40 hectares, meantime, it contributes in a duction of alewires and bloast- tainly been instructive. Icod After fermentation, the must and the cane bought from local large part to the peasant's diet, ers. This export to Haiti is the firmed the confidence we hay thus supplying a great percent- main income of certain commu- in the virtue of effort transferred into stills. There farmers which represents three andwon is" are 2 stills for the first distilla- quarters of the total cane used, age of his energy. nities in Nova Scotia and New Basically, there are thefexpe about at a of In many Caribbean islands su- Brunswick. rience accumulated from and one for rectification. 5,000 tons cost gene tion about gar cane is the main source of ation to generation in the The fermentation vats are $25,000. the income and distillation, sterilized after each operation This is not the only contribupopulation's All those factors, whose ef- of a staff of in order to control the vegeta- tion of the plant to the locali- rhum is of prime importance. fects will be in our favor, show ployees who love their work, certain chances of a selection of raw material tive elements of the fermenta- ty's economy. Possibilities Of Increasing success for the natural tion. There are about one hundred common action within the scope aging obtained employees in the plant. At the Rhum Export To The U.S. ofT sugar cane development and having large stocks on hand It distillation is automatically time of the sugar cane harvest, And Canada of the industrialization of its Upon leaving, we visualize processed under a 'system of re- about the same number of workproducts. in our country many similar e gulators and control instru- ers are hired. With the normal We have already said that amples of tenacious, continuod ments, it is nonetheless under rotation in hiring daily field these two markets are the most Side Effects On The and methodical effort. the distillator's vigilance: he has workers, there are about 500 important prospects. What is the Tourist Industry And we hope that the stubbon to fractionate the "heart" of the people and their families whose true situation and the efforts energy of all of us towards th spirit from the heads and tails. total or partial incomes come that could be made to penetrate Again with a view towards betterment of our country's de 250 gallons of water per min- from the Barbancourt rhumery. these two markets? more advertisement of the rhum tiny, brings closer the day" wihe ute are necessary during the Barbancourt Rhum And American Market Barbancourt to foreign clientele, poverty will be replaced by wej whole process. This water is The Rhum Industry In Haiti Here are the taxes imposed a bar was set up near the being in our homes. then used for irrigation. The Barbancourt rhum not on the Haitian rhum on this main buildings of the plant We wanted to find out the et only has increased the number of market: $1.75 custom duties, where free rhum was offered to fort made SO far in that dired Visit Of The Aging local customers but has become $10.50 federal tax, $2 to $3 State the visitors. , poverty will be replaced by wej whole process. This water is The Rhum Industry In Haiti Here are the taxes imposed a bar was set up near the being in our homes. then used for irrigation. The Barbancourt rhum not on the Haitian rhum on this main buildings of the plant We wanted to find out the et only has increased the number of market: $1.75 custom duties, where free rhum was offered to fort made SO far in that dired Visit Of The Aging local customers but has become $10.50 federal tax, $2 to $3 State the visitors. We feel sure that tion; we wanted also to estimal WAREHOUSES (CHAIS) somewhat of an Ambassador of tax. The Haitian rhum is thus they would take back with them the extent of the useful andne the Haitian taste with the for- taxed a minimum total tax of the memôry of pleasant hours cessary role that this enterpris The rhum is then stocked to eigners. All those travelling to $14.25 per gallon, that is, $2.85 spent at the bar and that they was playing in the rhum inds age, This operation is done ac- foreign lands know that there per fifth; while the Puerto Rican would be impressed by the Hai- try in Haiti, cording to the old tradition of the is no better way to please a rhum enters duty free, pays in- tian countryside and the magic (Translated From Ther CIA establishment and has not been friend or to start business than ternal taxes according to its al charm of this drink which, Informations Techniques & Con replaced by artificial methods. by offering a bottle of this deli- cohblic strength. These taxes for through the stills and men, merciales). White Oak vats and barrels, im- cious drink. the Haitian rhum are based on ported from France, with a ca50 degrees Gay Lussac minimum * pacity of 600,000 gallons, give Certain adjustments in the per gallon. The tax is the same the finishing touch to/the rhum. taxes, in view of protecting loc- even if the alcohol content of From exchanges between these al products, may in the future, the rhum is less than these 50 vasts and the liquid and through give the rhum a stronger position per cent. This discrimination a slow and continuous oxidation, on the local market, while the plays in fact against the Haitian comes the metamorphosis of the public authorities will make an rhum on the market. colorless liquid rough to the pal- effort to help its export together ate, into an amber colored li- with other products also await- It will be difficult to overcome quor, naturally flavored. There ing such an opportunity. this protection given to the are great losses through evapor- The public authorities' steps Puerto Rican rhum, because any ation. towards definite goals is certain- concession made to us will also All the vats are connected to ly desirable in the rhum indus- have to apply to all countries the distillery and to the bottling try. producing rhum, in accordance and packaging rooms by tinned In fact, sugar cane is a tra- with the GATT agreement. The copper tubes. The bottling is au- ditional culture of the Caribb- only favorable chance our protomatically done. eans and the former source of duct may have, would be for The plant lay-out gives, once wealth of our country. The sug- instance that it be taxed inmore, the occasion to praise the ar cane is adapted to our clim- dependently as a rhum made engineer and the specialized ate, to- our soil and to the so- out of sugar cane juice Haiti workers who assisted him in cial and economic structure of is the only country producing erecting the plant. our agriculture; it is widely commercially this type of rhum, Sugar Cane Production grown already under varied besides Martinique and GuadeAnd Local Activities conditions, in the plains, in the loupe who also produce it in One of Barbancourts skilled and dedicated employees. The raw material comes from mountains, with or without irri- small amount and without aging 2 sources: the plant's own sug- gation. The production, in cer- it. Rhum made out of sugar cane juice being very much different would probably not affect the narket of molasses rum, which already has its clientele. is widely commercially this type of rhum, Sugar Cane Production grown already under varied besides Martinique and GuadeAnd Local Activities conditions, in the plains, in the loupe who also produce it in One of Barbancourts skilled and dedicated employees. The raw material comes from mountains, with or without irri- small amount and without aging 2 sources: the plant's own sug- gation. The production, in cer- it. Rhum made out of sugar cane juice being very much different would probably not affect the narket of molasses rum, which already has its clientele. - * Canadian Market La Sometime ago, steps were takan to increase our commercial elations with Canada. The comnercial balance .being unfavorible to our country it seemed nedessary to compensate by increasing our exports to Canada, and rhum was the first product chosen to balance the exchanges. The situation appeared very avorable for us, because the 3ritish West Indies were to become a Federation, members of the Commonwealth, due to gain their independency. The preferential rate in force would have to be modified, and Haiti could negotiate to obtain for our rhum the same treatment given to the New Federation's rhum. Further more, our hopes were high because the Canadian Government officials seemed very The second storey view of the fermentation room. The aging warehouse (chais) ** 3 --- Page 7 --- SUNDAY MAY 21ST, 1961 HAITI SUN" PAGE 5 o MX 2 1 12th ANNIVERSARY S da Belle Guéole FREE-PORT SHOPPING CENTER P. O. Box 676, PORT-AU-PRINCE, HAITI I - S 40 to a Save 65% A S à IMPORTS AROUND THE WORLD MINTON, WEDGWOOD, OMEGA, FATEXYRIEETET GUEKLAIN, LANVIN, ROYAL CROWN DARBY, JUVENIA TISSOT, BOREL CARON, CHANEL, S ROYAL COPENHAGEN, AUDEMAR PIGUET, RAPHAEL, PATOU, JAEGER LE COULTRE, BALMAIN, WORTH, ROYAL WOECESTEE, ULYSE NARDIN, RIVO, REVILLON, VIGNY, ROYAL DOULTON, ATLANTA, STUDIO, CARVEN, LE GALLION, EOSENTHALE, SPODE, VULCAIN. FABERGE OF PARIS, AYNSLEE, COALPORT, JEAN D'ALBERT, GUSTAUBERG. JACQUES GRIFFE FATH, PIGUET, KISLAV, a CORDAY, GEORGE JENSEN, ENGLISH DOESKIN, HANS HANSEN, GERO, ITALIAN ANTELOPE. MINOX,. CANNON S DRAGSTED, GENSE. A PRINGLE, BALLANTYNE, ROYAL COPENHAGEN, The Finest of FRANCE, BERN HARD ALTMAN, ROYAL DOULTON, S ITALY, AUSTRIA, LUISA SPAGNOLI. HUMMEL. S & LALIQUE, BACCARRAT; HARVEY'S BRISTOL ORREFORS, WEBB & CORBETT, DANISH SILVER, CREAM, All FRENCE, VAL SOLAMBERT, GOLD & SILVER JEWELRY DANISH and STUART, LEERMAN. and BRAZILAN GEMS. SPANISH LIQUIEUES. HAITIAN HANDICRAFTS S S à SCULPTURES RAFFIA BAGS VooDoo Inspired & & SHOES JEWELRY HAITIAN MUSIC Native-InmireFactory Outlet Collector's Items SPORT SHIRTS MAHOGANY The Best. X Typical Costume-Dressed DOLLS World Famous RUGS & DRAPERY Haitian RUM BARBANCOURT to your friends in the U. S. A. Hava us send gifts without affecting your quota. See us for more information. - 3o/ - a < Matratav/s c * a -ee a Clr 666666686600 4 A A OES JEWELRY HAITIAN MUSIC Native-InmireFactory Outlet Collector's Items SPORT SHIRTS MAHOGANY The Best. X Typical Costume-Dressed DOLLS World Famous RUGS & DRAPERY Haitian RUM BARBANCOURT to your friends in the U. S. A. Hava us send gifts without affecting your quota. See us for more information. - 3o/ - a < Matratav/s c * a -ee a Clr 666666686600 4 A A --- Page 8 --- AG F HAITI SUN 95 SUNDAY MAY 21ST, 1961 HEMISPHERE BANK... (Continued from page 4) About 500 applications and inFOR SALE... quiries have been received by (Leaving" the country). the bank, Mr Herrera said, three Buffet, Maytag washer, Norge out of every four coming from automatic washer, two bookthe private sector. Over 100 are cases, metal filing cabinet letter now receiving active considera- size, kitchen sink and over 90 tion. feet pipes, gas water heater 30 Among projects that have won gallon size, Hot Point automatic IDB financial support are an im- refrigerator, 13 cubic foot size, proved water supply and sewer- earpenter tools, Argus C3 camage system in Arequipa, Peru; era outfit, Voigtlander camera the construction of a pulp mill outhit, Royal portable typewrit in Brazil, and loans to develop- er, 3-speed all-metal record play: ment agencies in Paraguay, Bo- er, Italian Accordion tropically livia, Nicaragua, Chile, Colom- treated, Rudy Muck trumpet, bia and Haiti. Underwood standard typowriter, Supplementary Aid and other articles for personal "We intend only to supple- and household use. ment, not supplant, public and private investment," Mr Herre- May be seen all day SUNra stated. "UP to now, Latin DAYS, and EVERY afternoon America has provided 90 per and evening, EXCEPT Friday cent of its own internal invest- and Saturday. ment. There is much room for outside capital." V. R. LEBEDOFF He said that he was convinced 141 Source Turgeau that U.S. and other foreign investment in Latin America (Opposite National Museum) would soon recover from its recent slump spawned by poliSalt ponds in Grande Saline, Artibonite the main source of salt supply for the Republic. tical unrest in some parts of LE the Americas. PERCHOIR TO RENT Regrettable news of the departure- of Mr and Mrs BARCI Beautiful large house in Bour: LON, one of the most capable don. Partly furnished. Four lar- restaurateurs that Mr NOUSTAS ge bedrooms, large living and brought down to Haiti. dining room. Two bathrooms, hot water in baths and kitchen. In view of this the Restaurant Swimming Pool and patio, water LE PERCHOIR informs its cli24 hours a day. Nice view. ents and friends that it closes. Contact Mr Stecher, However the Terrace Bar will Source Turgeau No. 103, stay open to serve drinks and Tel: 5539 P. 0. Box 304. sandwiches. DISCOVER THE FASCINATION OF HAITI Through Its Postage Stamps For complete information in Haiti Stamps and other details which wil be furnished you free of charge, write to P.O. Box 723 PORT-AU-PRINCE SWHHIVINIIHUNRVAIHUUMUMAM MEN's SHIRTS SCARVES Members of the Fishing and Electricity Coopera tive of Grande Saline before tlie main office. HANOKERCHIEFS 1 Lat - BY yARD V D AeAn LIBERTY PABRICS 3 London TCAK ETARSEAIAE BUMME R DRESSES BLOUSES Eclsi9 FISHER FREE PORT SHOPPING CENTER 53.55.RUe du Quai Dresses Haiti's "Gingerbread Palace" and famed hoste lery the Grand Hotel Oloffson, show plare 0 and delivered and Shivts in 24 made eonorder Haitian and hours architecture, exquisite cuisine contented living. Set amongst a myriad of tropical frees We to the States and ship gardens the Oloffson, complete with miniat ure pool, is the haven for the uninhibited. LOUSES Eclsi9 FISHER FREE PORT SHOPPING CENTER 53.55.RUe du Quai Dresses Haiti's "Gingerbread Palace" and famed hoste lery the Grand Hotel Oloffson, show plare 0 and delivered and Shivts in 24 made eonorder Haitian and hours architecture, exquisite cuisine contented living. Set amongst a myriad of tropical frees We to the States and ship gardens the Oloffson, complete with miniat ure pool, is the haven for the uninhibited. --- Page 9 --- SUNDAY MAY 21ST, 1961 "HAITI SUN PAGE 9 3 Canadians Leave Artibonite After 2 Years * Posing for a souvenir photo in front of Christopher Columbus' statue in Port au Prince ONIONS prior to their departure for Chicoutini, Quebec are Canadian nurses (Left to Right) Monique FROM Hudon, Raymonde Martin and Bernardette Poire. Ending two years at the Schweitzer Hospital in the Ar- - - tibonite Valley the girls returnOD VA ed to Canada speaking creolel and with the best impression of the country, "Nou rainmin Haiti Onions of first quality are available at the ampile" the three specialists in pediatrics said. zue sales counter of ODVA at the corner of Rue Drive-In Theatre Thursday May 25, 1961 at 7 & 9:00 PM des Cesare and Rue du Centre, at the following English Version Columbia Pictures Presents prices: WHO WAS THAT LADY 15 Gourdes Tony Curtis, Dean Martin, 10lbs.-Bags Janet Lligh 501bs.-Bags 15 Gourdes When that lovely lady walks in all love breaks loose! It's the hottest comedy two lovers Wholesale orders will be filled on the basis ever ignited! of Gourdes: 2.75 per 10lbs. bags (Minimuml SUMMERTIME IN HAITI 10 bags) and Gourdes: 14 per 50lbs. (Minimum 10 bags.) SPRINGTIME AT THE Chatelet de la Montagne Noire Pétion-Ville - Haiti (W. I) Time takès on a fosy hué BEYOND WORDS BUT NOT BEYOND through the sapphire crystàl YOUR BUDGET of your Movado e Firmament S wateh From may 1st to Dec. 1st: $ 15.00 A DAY BREAKFAST & DINNER, INCLUDING A CAR EVERYTHING WONDERFUL ABOUT HAITI is more so at THE CHATELET DE LA MONTAGNE NOIRE EVERY ROOM WITH A VIEW EVERY ROOM WITH A PRIVATE TERRACE Montly Accomodations At Reasonable Prices FISHER'S HAITIS LARGEST FREE PORT PRICE SHOPS The Movado sapphire crystal look' 1) THE CORNER SHOP RUE BONNE FOL its gleams hardness with a is rare surpassed brilliance. t only byt that oft the diamond. gold figure dial You will cherish your 2) ART & CURIO SHOP FISHERS ACROSS FROM CU Movado which offers you a STOMS FeS three years thrice (at triumphant the official Ref. lature 148, moveSwiss Observatory at gold ent, figure gold18ct., dial AND BUY HAITIAN HANDICRAFTS K Neuchatel). STRAIGHT FROM THE FACTORY A ON THE RUE DU QUAI MOVADO (AM. EXPR. AND DINERS CLUB ACCEPTED) amanent SAVE UP TO 60 Per Cent ON IMPORTS ON SALE AT MAISON ORIENTALB SHOPS AND MAHOGANY FACTORY AND LITTLE EUROPE --- Page 10 --- PAGE 10 SUNDAY MAY 21ST, 1961 "HAITI SON" PAGE 11 In Haiti: Patterns Of Resistance And Acceptance cording across ownership to topography, boundaries The own ac- jolnt als and ownership. plows uinder also a meet system with of Agricultural Changes ers already satisfied with their remisiance and failure. increased production, could not The model many agents seem By CHARLES JOHN ERASMUS* from the survey was farmer. Usually, some individual benefit such as compositing crop breeds have meti with a desirable cash crop, they bor- tion projects are especially con- see-how. "HAITI SON" PAGE 11 In Haiti: Patterns Of Resistance And Acceptance cording across ownership to topography, boundaries The own ac- jolnt als and ownership. plows uinder also a meet system with of Agricultural Changes ers already satisfied with their remisiance and failure. increased production, could not The model many agents seem By CHARLES JOHN ERASMUS* from the survey was farmer. Usually, some individual benefit such as compositing crop breeds have meti with a desirable cash crop, they bor- tion projects are especially con- see-how. leveling further would result in to have in mind forming work During a few weeks in FRT greater acceptan- *Mr Erasmus at the. time he farmer must be persuaded to rotation, and soil conservation failure. Although S farmers rowed both plow and tobacco as ducive to: an atmosphere of co- sutficlent tify. the increase to be jus- cooperatives is m native recispring of 1952, the author La ce of innovations providing im- wrote this article was a field tiy the new. trait for him. are apparently more diffieult bear to realize that an improved breed a unit. operation on the part of the far- price they would re- the procal work group known as the the opportunity to participate metdliate benefits to the farmers ethuotogtst with the Institute of self. em he will relinquish on- present in such away of as to of chickens, for example, may Ata mountain village in the mers in their relations with ex- quired 1o pay. Conisidering of cul- combite ((apparently borrowed plamning board of Haitian a as compated to: innovations of Social Anthropology, Smithsonian ly a very. small plotfor.the ini- immediate proof their desir ave more meat and lay more southa introduced the-eul tension agents. Under slich cir general tivation. inefficiency thelir from: the Spanish word convite). American who had longterm. benefit For example, Institution, Washington, D.C: For tial trial. But: when he himselt abillity. Even'in the case of new, the they claim, they. are fre- tivation SE potatoes) and with it cumstances they are much: more cism. was practices, their quite skepti- Both Herskovits and Metraux been. convened Em an Prince the introduetion of anew plant two years he was assigned by has witnessed the greater yied plants or-impeoved species, faced with thel choice the practices of composting. willing to acept new and im- fiable. probably justi- excellent descriptions Of at the roquest P of Haitian or, plant species" which results the Institution to collaborative or the greater market price, he margin of greater yield or pro- feeding, thein livestock and funetion of T Both have been fairly well adop- proved plant species, new eultorganization E Government (in collaboration. in greater market price, orre projects with the Institufe of becomes convinced, and. the fitat the Fatitian level of agri- hemselves They also claim u ted, again as a single trait. vation practices and cooperative Many Cooporation these work grOUIpS, whose mem with the Institute of Inter-Ame- sults ina greater yield, can be ter-American Affairs for i word soon spreads to others. 10 cultural technology may beonly Buringi such periods the: hardy work tasks. by attempts have been: bership is composed of farmers rican Affairs), to outline a pro- elfetively demonstrated. in periods in Colombia, Eenador to. 20 percent higher than the hative. variety. xis able to forage In another valley the -local agin- made agricultural extension. who reciprocate in preparing gram of agricultupa. develop- season and its success is and Haiti: Haitian farmers seem quiek customary yield or profit, Late for itself, while the-cimproved ronomist has had considerable However, after of the" an initial agents to organize groups Of and planting each. other's fields ment for the Artibonite Valley. LE immediate. A refinement to follow another farmer's. sue rains ora pestilence in the area varieties die off. Until suCh time success in a short: period of ducement value as important Haitian farmers into work or and who participate in a feast to make some estimate in cultivation practices such as ical basts. Haiti: Haitian farmers seem quiek customary yield or profit, Late for itself, while the-cimproved ronomist has had considerable However, after of the" an initial agents to organize groups Of and planting each. other's fields ment for the Artibonite Valley. LE immediate. A refinement to follow another farmer's. sue rains ora pestilence in the area varieties die off. Until suCh time success in a short: period of ducement value as important Haitian farmers into work or and who participate in a feast to make some estimate in cultivation practices such as ical basts. They must be able cess. Suspicious goverment wipe out the margin fails with production is rats- time in persuading the farmers passed,it project such may be irrigation extremely has dif- all production cooperatives. Nearly given the benefielary in each sE the types of resistanee and spacing between plants, planting to see and measure: the destir- farms, prefer to N result that the farmer BECA basic changes in thelef to male seed beds for trees ficult to initiate such cooperatives have re- case. a a Metraux found it to be aeceptance the proposed. chang- in rOWS,or planting fewer seeds ability ofa given innovation for aa someone. else the risk to see any measurable advant Rctency: Of the farmer's agricul- which will. be secondary chan- sulted.in failure after about One phenomenon which was in the - the transplanted on At one the a es mijcht encounter among the to hole is less spectaculat.in themmselves. Among illiterate Of following thea agronomist's ad: age in new practice. lural technloogy, it seems lilke- hillsides to check erosion: Since owners within locale, a block small of year. They is may to fail a when the process of disappearing and its illiterate farmers of tho Valley, results and diffuses groups who place their confid- vice before trying it themselves. l that improved livestock will it is a traditional coffee: area, LE 23 hetares were provided agent moved new locale, some.of his descriptions are bas a the anthropoloiet miade briet slowly. Finally, attempts tov ME ence in tradition, innovations They often feel that the oficial Receptivity of Adolescents remain a highly complex trait the peasant is easily with" or when jealousies spting up ed on surviving cases and the study of existing documentary troduce such refinements as deemed desirable from the demonstration farm has certain And Young Adults to introduce, to cooperate with the persuaded agent in they irrigation had already water.- Later, harvested after a among members the fail members, to fulfill or when; memory of informants. (3) This materials on recent agricultur compositing, prevention of burn standpoint of specialized know: advantages in tools and care: Association Of Elements starting seed beds of coffee good crop; an was thelr dut does not mean that the combite programs in Haiti; follow- ing, rotation of crops. pruning. ledge, based upoht research and which cannot afford. Also The results of 4-C clubs (equi- Frequently new traits are ac: plants. From the standpoint of made t contour.level attempt the block les, groups etc. of Attempts to to persuade has" disappeared or that it is at a 15-day tour ofa repre- building Of amimal shelterse seed experimentation. are often more they LE are to wonder why valemt of 4-H clubs in the U.S). Espteaaso complexes. By a "com- the farmers, the tree nurseries farmers buy anim- (Continned on page 12) sentative sample of active_and selection, conservation difficult to diffuse than those: the if he agriculture really extension. agent, and Future Farmers of associa- Haiti plex" mean here an A6SO: which adjoin stheir coffee nurse completed projeets. Without may meet a ATPRLS or noliac- whose benefits are- SO spectaeul. more they LE are to wonder why valemt of 4-H clubs in the U.S). Espteaaso complexes. By a "com- the farmers, the tree nurseries farmers buy anim- (Continned on page 12) sentative sample of active_and selection, conservation difficult to diffuse than those: the if he agriculture really extension. agent, and Future Farmers of associa- Haiti plex" mean here an A6SO: which adjoin stheir coffee nurse completed projeets. Without may meet a ATPRLS or noliac- whose benefits are- SO spectaeul. knows some better tions in various parts Hation two- traits ries are not being with ar mentioning the agencies involy: ceptance. that they cah be judget on way of farming, does not make indicate that adolescents and fone OF more der of imay or the view of checkaing planted. erosion, led.nor the specific recommenthe basis of casual observation, money by atit by doing rather than young adults are far more re: be relevant) awhich the but to ptovider shade for the dations made by the anthropolo- This pattern of resistanee is The Haitian farmer knows.dor teacthing They frankly ceptive to new practiees intro- E considers to: be a single coffee, Thus a long-term benefit for to. a skeptical- of official A gist the Artibonite Valley very sinilar that previously exan mple, that dependabie Ea duced by sovermment agronom- rait. In the tipper water-shed isi beinge served by assoelating project, this paper will concetn encountered by the-writer in the source of water will Subject to annumerable vaga than ard the nature adults, the Artibonite basin at the it with a short-term benefit of itself with.a brief description field of public health inEcudore increase hits production. LE will ries: of chance, multiplied by a we have noted, the adult is lillager ofSt Raphael, the farm- immediate interest to the. far the patterns sof resistance 1 A program of curative medieine firigation the of his hoe alkeptical. of methods have adopted plowing. on mer, acceptance demonstrated by "the which makes a spectacular de- jeet as the very livellhood whose results belread- "own erlia the-case E initiative. (This beans TEEE a EEFT EE case Haitian farmers toward attempts monstration of its effectiveness, new de plant species he is of the Haitian farmeris at the ily judged on the basis of.casual Na be dealt with in further det- Inducement fo to alter their agticultural prac- as for example, a yaws camp: far more skeptical. While ofa many ampre- observation. However, new traits ail belows) Here plowing appar lices in the cases surveyed. We aligtho is much more successful erment experimental and R E A or over which-he long-term: beneit must often diffused to arlarge extent The farmers appear to be erlia shall also give some attention in replacing folk treatment and monstration farms rare saluible has little no control. He is. d accepted through confidence with thei planting much. more. receptive to improv: goodhewn to a case where plowing was beliefs than attempts to diffuse tools for preliminary research in not prone, therefore, to risk ev: in specialists who represent anThel foreigners who ed cultivation. practices when suceessfully introduced into Hai- modern of determining what plants and en greater insecurity. by accep- other type of empirical knowled. E practices preventive D troduced commercial tobacco they are beling materially aidea ti by accident rather than by ihedicine and their theoretical cultivation, practices are bestiting hew practices as long as Be-based on experiment and stain" the region- employed: in other ways, as for examplel design. justifications: () The illiterate adapted to the locale, they are he retains any doubt as to the tistical analyses, The latter are techniques, and as the by the distribution of seeds and to E Farmer Empiricism folk who are to benefit from an seldom effeetive asa means of certainty to of their immediate pro- more readily taught the local farmers also found tohacco tools at cost. by ihedicine and their theoretical cultivation, practices are bestiting hew practices as long as Be-based on experiment and stain" the region- employed: in other ways, as for examplel design. justifications: () The illiterate adapted to the locale, they are he retains any doubt as to the tistical analyses, The latter are techniques, and as the by the distribution of seeds and to E Farmer Empiricism folk who are to benefit from an seldom effeetive asa means of certainty to of their immediate pro- more readily taught the local farmers also found tohacco tools at cost. Similarly, irrigaOne of the clearest patterns innovation judge it on an empir. introducing new traits toi theft him. Traits of long-term young individual, since: he to sub- apparently finds ritieasier stitute the prestige of the spe0 cialist for the prestige of tradition. of 4C MERE - UL A However, in the case A h and Future Farters clnbs, theres - is usually no element of risk in- M the individual. The yes... volved for .you get Tand being cuitivated by these organizations is frequently pro: vided by government and the coaee more whid M IS far MCNrece sitnation therefore EdepEA conductive to jan experimental cas aîtian Eesite ind Qvitri frame of mind. Earzrle been orafew Ras 30 beans New have - in of ot Techniques dsny every oY cup Complesity By "complexity" we mean you Hfordivens cover 1n here an interdependence of fact- piece hf the nd To date no real success has hours the dlass raft Le E achieved by agronomists'in carcful HI NESYLOR tenching: the farmers to plow. villsce NESCAFÉ Aside from the mere necessity onsimel you Pute DU QUAI of acquiring skill in manipulat08186 We mean. The all coffee instant coffee with the 69.RUE ing have a suitable plow, the draft farmer animals must what "Let's have another cup" taste. WHAT TO BUY : which must be properly trained It's no secret that extra coffee beans make (VEM) 1 and elément cared dependent for. The upon more other an coffee extra good. 43 choice, deep-roasted SISAL BAGS and BELTS factors, t more difficult it'is beansgoi into every flavorfuleupoft today's it. NESCAFE to-introduce . FRENCH PERFUMES and LIQUORS same is often true of Nescafé. it's made Noothero tastes coffee. S01 fresh, no1 S01 matterhow INSTANT E plants. Some vegetable friendly,so WOOD CARVINGS : MAHOGANY crops, for example, do not take completely satisfying, In today's Nescafé, in for COFFEE too well areas removed the accent is on coffeel TORTOISE SHELL commodity from markets. requires A perishable improved Ras The 1ll- Cofee instel storage, marketing, and trans Get NESCAFÉ today! .STRAW G005. PAINTINGS portation facilities and often - these additional factors are conblended and roasled ditional to public improvements of Fare onthe part governmentas 00 laole HENNESSY your ivier riviere well. as' to changes in farming mlrendppaats wnild - * practices." In the case of livestock, atta empts to introduce improved --- Page 11 --- PAGE 12 "HAITI SUN SUNDAY MAY 21ST, 1961 [strictly economic consider-ations/in time of necessity or for the Agricultural Changes.,. by favoring the latter. Certainly purchase of such things as farm the most common complaint tools and farm animals. The against the combite, voiced by farmers are acutely conscious of (Continued from page 11) Mexico. Foster discovered thati for feeding the workers) is nor- both "rich" and poor Haitian the fact that emergencies, reimpossible to see it still in oper: "the system of voluntary com- mally balanced by that of reci-l farmers, was the high cost of quiring an immediate outlay 01 ation in Haiti today. However, in munal labor costs more than procity. latter. Certainly purchase of such things as farm the most common complaint tools and farm animals. The against the combite, voiced by farmers are acutely conscious of (Continued from page 11) Mexico. Foster discovered thati for feeding the workers) is nor- both "rich" and poor Haitian the fact that emergencies, reimpossible to see it still in oper: "the system of voluntary com- mally balanced by that of reci-l farmers, was the high cost of quiring an immediate outlay 01 ation in Haiti today. However, in munal labor costs more than procity. However, the benefits of' the fiesta and the inferior quali- cash, place them at the mercy questioning farmers in many six times as much as *help hir- reciprocity are seldom exactiyty of the work as compared to of money lenders who may parts of the country, the writer ed in efficient units." equal, for not all work for each'that of hired labor. cheat them of their land. Need did not find a single ndividual An explanation which several other in turn, some are more In any event, the failure in for credit at a fair rate of in; who preferred thes combite to pay farmers gave for. the increasing capable of financing the food Haiti of extension-insptred work terest would seem to be a. primlabor. Generally, the farmer's unpopularity of the combite was and drink than others, and some cooperative based on the prin- ary reason for the rapid growth attitude is that the combite is concerned with the matter of fi- young men who are not land ciple of reciprocity seems to be of this movement. There; are inefficient, that members can- nancial inequality. It is said that) owners work purely for the drinkldue in large part to the current several other respects in which not be relied upon to show up a farmer who considers himself and entertainment. According to! trend towards buying" and this cooperative differs from for work, and that an excess of a man of means generally with- Nadel, "A temporary inequality "selling" labor. Perhaps one those that have failed. It in food may be prepared at no draws. from reciprocal work in the economic position and in substantiation of this has been volves neither reciprocal labor, small expense in. anticipation of groups and hires the labor he the ability to utilize reciprocal the phenomenally rapid spread nor cooperative labor, nor joint a larger number of workers than needs. In some cases he may farm cooperation must, then, of credit union cooperatives ownership; it provides an oppor actually materializes. In addition choose to participate by sending weight the scales against mere throu ughout Haiti in recent tunity for individual selft-expres: to their preference to pay for his own laborers to work on the reciprocity, in favor of the months as a result of extension sion at group meetings, study labor, the farmers also stated farms of other members in-lieu strietly economic considerations efforts. Members of these coop- clubs, and-in the election of offia preference to work for pay. of reciprocating personally. This: of. "buying" and "selling" labor. eratives invest a minimum cers; and it insures greater The general criticism met with they explain, is how the reci- The economic aspect will gain amount weekly on which they permanency of mem bership among Haitian farmers - that procal nature of the combite ascendaney over the aspects of can borrow at dow interest rates (Continued on page 13) the combite is inefficient in com- breaks down. Something of areciprocity as soons as this temparison with pay labor- brings parallel is briefly. mentioned by porary inequality tends to be: to mind George Foster's ingen- Nadel for the Nuba of the Su- come more permanent." ious comparative study of the ef- dan. Among the Nuba the ficiency of hired vs. communal "strictly economic aspects of While Nadel's argument is labor in house construction group labor (that is, capital out- very convincing, we would hesifeica among the Populaca Indians Of lay in the form of surplus. grain tate to apply it universally. iprocity as soons as this temparison with pay labor- brings parallel is briefly. mentioned by porary inequality tends to be: to mind George Foster's ingen- Nadel for the Nuba of the Su- come more permanent." ious comparative study of the ef- dan. Among the Nuba the ficiency of hired vs. communal "strictly economic aspects of While Nadel's argument is labor in house construction group labor (that is, capital out- very convincing, we would hesifeica among the Populaca Indians Of lay in the form of surplus. grain tate to apply it universally. Recent investigations by the writer into the disappearance of cooplerative labor Colombian Ticke Rollei in agriculture No show that cooperative farm labor has been abandoned in some cases without a corresTouahe ponding increase in the inequality: of the economic positions of the farmers. In many Colombian BBoles coffee areas, for example, the relative size of land holdings, as well as the relative economic LIGA positions of the individual farfu mers, have not been appreciably altered by the introduction and rise to importance of this cash MPPA6 crop. All are enjoying higher WITH A financial returns but without any mounting inequalities of indiviVoist dual incomes. Yet, within the linden past generation the coffee growYoigltinder ers) of Caldas have abandoned the custom of convites. Here, apHASSELBLAD parently, the factor. of historical BESSAMATIC importance has been a change BRAUN from an agriculture production Hobioy destined primarily for local and subsistence consumption to one $ CAMERAS AT FREE PORT PRICES destined for national and international markets. The more Wal varied, if less intensive, agriculture of the provided Center past the Moamere farmer with a food surplus offfaitisa Exakla which could be converted into labor when he needed it most. : RUEBONNE FOI But as agricultural production Phone: 23:0 OSRAM for those began to specialize more and Manager S.KAHN AIR- CONDITIONEG more around one cash crop, coffee, it became increasingly newho insist cessary for farmers to purchase food for the convite fiestas. At this point the efficiency of the cn the best convite in relation to its costi proved lower- than that of hir ed labor. From this and another Colombian ISSA examples, which it OHAITI is not our purpose to describe' € here, ite would seem that the requirements of increased efficienART GALLERY cy created by a change from onRoed du to Qoai subaistence-oriented commerEBEL cial-oriented agriculture may ber the underlying factor of limitaScolplures by PAINTINGS by HORLOGERIE DE PRECISION tion which augments the probaCedor bility of ther disappearance of R.FRANCOiS LAT CRADX-DE-FONDS: SUISSE cooperative farm laber in a maJ.DU DERRIER J.E. Gourgue Exclusive Agentrf jority of cases. Even in his Nuba O.DU PERRIER V.Denis example, Nadel points out that LLazard Little Europe Port au Prince, - Haiti the introduction of cotton as a A. DIMANCHE J.Gabriel cash-crop was altering the bal C FRET N.Jean ance between reciprocity and) --- Page 12 --- -SUNDAY MAY 21ST, 1961 "HAIli SUN" PAGE i3 omers for local products from preceding sections. Agricultural a large town nearby and con- Actually, the introduction of siderably increasing Changes... local, com- the plow at St. Michel and at merce. To judge from our hasty St. Raphael does not constitute (Continued from page 12) Jof the community is fairly equal.i combination of both ot the above survey, it would appear that the two entirely distinct histories, trough individual investment In urban centers and even rur- factors. road is having a greater influ- for while the two locales are savings. The gravest problem al communities where there are The program of one technical ence for change in the area separated by an area of unculdate has been the illiteracy enough "progressive". ow at St. Michel and at merce. To judge from our hasty St. Raphael does not constitute (Continued from page 12) Jof the community is fairly equal.i combination of both ot the above survey, it would appear that the two entirely distinct histories, trough individual investment In urban centers and even rur- factors. road is having a greater influ- for while the two locales are savings. The gravest problem al communities where there are The program of one technical ence for change in the area separated by an area of unculdate has been the illiteracy enough "progressive". individu- aid project in Haiti is fundam- than the fundamental education tivated forest lands they are onthe farmers, which places a als to find comfort in their own ental education and extension program. We are therefore in-Iy about 10 miles from one anarge responsibility for keeping numbers, the "jealousy paftern" work, and its location is such clined to agree with Beals when,other. The reader should be forel records and doing the ac- has either disappeared or is in- that the road leading to it had he says, "If I were to rate the wared that the data used in bunting on the extension agents effectual: In such cases the ex- Ito be repaired and properly acculturative forces I have seen reconstructing this history were nd their immediate supervisors. tension agent, by working with, maintained. Because of the road, at work in various communities collected over a period of only Fhe ultimate success of the mo- the "progressives," is able to two merchants constructed cof- I think I would suggest that one three days and the sources of ement may well be decided du- institute some housing and other fee mills near the projeet head- road is worth about three schools information were entirely oral. Fing the critical period A of in- improvements into the commu- quarters and the local farmers and about fifty administrators." However, since the part of the juctrinating the members. nity although more frequently now receive a better price for story with which we are most Jealousy Pattern these changes eventually follow their coffee an do not have to The Plow At St. Raphael concerned dates back to a perIn all rural areas, but espe- their ability. to pay. for them as transport it as far as they did And St. Michel iod of only some 25 years, it was Bally in the more backward well as their contact with the formerly. All this has revived It was mentioned previously possible at both places to crosshes,there is strong social pres- outside, regardless of extension interest in coffee planting and that technical aid programs check several elderly informants ure among the farmers to efforts. it'is.now easy for the extension have made several unsuccessful who were active participants in haintain the status quo through Effects Of Increased agent to persuade many farm- attempts to introduce the plow the events to be described. Also, Fhat might be calledi the jeal Production And Commerce ers to start' seed beds for coffee into Haiti. It is of particular in- a trip was made to the north usy pattern", A successful in- In cases where extension work and shade trees. Thus the pro- terest, therefore, to mention two coast of Haiti to check their ividual who accumulates more has accompanied an engineering gram of hillside reforestation cases where plowing was bor stories with that of a white Jaapitalt than his neighbors avoids project (for example, irrigation) has been given considerable im- Irowed, although no attempt was maican who had been a foreostentatious show Of wealth as compared to those where ex- petus from an unexpected quart made in either case to purposely amian. for two of the foreign comE attempts to keep his finan- tension work has been condueted er, the repair and maintenance introduce the practice. These banies which accidentally introhal affluence a family secret. alone, the retention of new prac- of a road. In addition, the road cases are also of interest be- duced the plow into the area. lostility towards the individual tices seems to have been great has stimulated bus traffic to the cause they further illustrate se- Further checks were provided Pho'1s more successful than his er, Improved plant spectes, new locale on market days, thus veral of the points made in the (Continued on page 13) ellows is usually restricted to plants, and improved cultivation bringing great numbers of custhe practice of black magic, al- practices, such' as spacing and a hough in some regions it may planting in rows, etc. interest be- duced the plow into the area. lostility towards the individual tices seems to have been great has stimulated bus traffic to the cause they further illustrate se- Further checks were provided Pho'1s more successful than his er, Improved plant spectes, new locale on market days, thus veral of the points made in the (Continued on page 13) ellows is usually restricted to plants, and improved cultivation bringing great numbers of custhe practice of black magic, al- practices, such' as spacing and a hough in some regions it may planting in rows, etc. were ret Iusuce Against the Fulue esult in actual destruction of ained by a much larger propor property. This pattem has had tion of the population in two plaG Iong past in Haiti as shown ces where an irrigation project the history of their attempts had accompanied the extension SICK colonize freed American Ne work and visibly increased proDR troes shortly before the Ameri- duction. There are two possible FIRE CAR PERSONAL TRAVEL CEUEEERES GOODB an Civil War. Many of these explanations for this. First, hdividuals were forced to re- when a technical aid program qumto the U.S. when their more is investing considerable money uccessful farmin g practices in an engineering project, more Norwich Union Fire Insurance Ltd Faused jealousy and destruettve attention is given to the exten- Uhitio H JOSEPH NADAL LCo. AGENT fetaliation on the part of their sion work and usually the best VIRGINIA PHONE .2238.3486 linitian neighbors. agent available is assigned. Sec-] PIWRRS omtull The strength of. this "pattern" ond, the increased production in various sections Of Haiti 1S, which- a ccompanies an Bowever, variable. It is strong- irrigation project creates a much Cigarotteo WATCHES OFGREAT DISTINCTION stm more isolated areas where more- favorable atmosphere for TO GIVE AND WEAR WITH PRIDE - here is less contact with urban the retention of new methods. OPER Penters or where the financial Probably the true explanation in Splendid status of the various members Ithe case observed involves a O J 00 -K 1 4 GRACE LINE FARE FOR HAITI One Class NEW YORK - PORT-AU-PRINCE (DEPARTURE EVERY FRIDAY): Ref. 7317 KNec Platlincofiedifotiding SCARGO SHIPS (12 PASSENGERS) $135 ALL YEAR watches 39 Jewels Gyrotron powered. See the superb 1960 Girard-Perregaux COMBO-SHIPS (52 PASSENGERS) FROM $155 <Selection> models at foremost jewellers. SPORT AU PRINCE NEW YORK (DEPARTEVERY SUNDAY) @ LUXURY SANTA PAULA - GIRARD-PERREGAUX SHIPS: ROSA SANTA S A FARE Fine Warchessince 1791 a 300 PASSENGERS FROM $195.00 ( A a SFOR INFORMATION ON SALE ATTHE Nadal & a Co - Joseph BETTER STORES I OR YOUR TRAVEL AGENTS & weunssssde --- Page 13 --- PACE 14 HAITI SUN SUNDAY MAY 21ST, 1961 oxen apparently helped to esta- phael for not plowing were that does not appear to exist. As Agricultural Changes.. blish it in general usage, their ground wasitoo rocky, that result of a recent goverhment On moving to St. Raphacl in they were not interested in plan- irrigation projeet at St. Raph it 1930, Foster took with him both ting tobacco, that plowing did ael, more farmers there have (Continued from page 13) pany departed in about 1926, mules and oxen, as well as men not increase the yields enough become interested in sold many its used to plowing by an elderly Dutchman in Port its local plowmen of who plows then be- from. , that result of a recent goverhment On moving to St. Raphacl in they were not interested in plan- irrigation projeet at St. Raph it 1930, Foster took with him both ting tobacco, that plowing did ael, more farmers there have (Continued from page 13) pany departed in about 1926, mules and oxen, as well as men not increase the yields enough become interested in sold many its used to plowing by an elderly Dutchman in Port its local plowmen of who plows then be- from. St. Michel who knew how to make it worth the additional and the demand for rental plowi au Prince who had been a fin- gan to use them on their own to plow with both types of ani- expense, or that plowing is not has become greater than the 1oc ancial backer of one of the en- land. During the next few years mals. During the three years less particularly advantageous un- al agricultural extension agent terprises. their neighbors and friends eith- he was at St. Raphael, no one The last accompanied explanation by is irrigation. particul- can supply. both St. Michel and er began to pay them to plow made any attempt to copy him. arly interesting in view of At new St. Ra In about 1919 a foreign com- their land, or persuaded them But shortly after he left, two fact that Foster the phael, plow oxen are first pany came to St. Michel to plant to teach them the new technique. farmers began planting tobacco irrigate his tcbacoo attempted plantations to taught work in to the draw logs, then to cotton on a large commercial and plowing with oxen, and two sugar mills, and fin basis. Around 1926, this compa- Whereas the company had us- to three years later others be- at St. Raphael by diverting two ally to plow. In each case they ny was replaced by another ed tractors and mules to do its gan following their example. local streams. At St., Michel are yoked to another previously, which operated a tobacco-plow- plowing, the local farmers had Today at St. Michel nearly where both companies did dry- trained animal. A few spectal ing project until 1930. Shortly neither tractors nor adequate everyone either plows or has farming only, this association ists who train oxen for sale at before this second company mules. However, sugar-cane his land plowed by, contract. between irrigation and plowing] (Continued on page 15) withdrew, one of the foremen, planting and cattle raising had Farmers in the area claim that a white Jamaican by the name both been prominent in the loc- the practice doubles their yield of Foster (now deceased), mov: al economy and the populace and, as several expressed it, ed, up to St. Raphael to initiate was already familiar with the plowed land is more "resistant" a tobacco planting venture practice of training and using to drought. According to one - AAtE a0 there. Foster and his backers oxen to power. their crude wood- old man, if one of two adjoining lost money and the St. Raphael en sugar mills. Pairs of oxen fields is plowed before planting IN PETIONVILLE IT's project ended in 1933, although already trained for working on and the other is not; and the inia few other foreigners tried on sugar mills were now trained to tial rainse are followed by a a smaller scale, but with equal draw plows. To meet the pro- drought, the plowed land may lack of success, to raise tobacco blem of guiding plow-oxen, they still yield a crop while the unHOTEL MONTANA commercially at St. Raphael found it necessary to employ a plowed land will not. The reas- / shortly thereafter. man or boy in every case to ons given for the failure of a walk ahead and lead the anim- few farmers to adopt the plow A During the seven years that als. Apparently the second com- were that their land was too I At L00feet altitude.yet only 7mnules : the first company at St. Michel pany, which operated the tobac- rocky or that plows were diffi- e from the heart oF PORT-AU-PRINCE : was operating its cotton planta: co plantation at St. owed land will not. The reas- / shortly thereafter. man or boy in every case to ons given for the failure of a walk ahead and lead the anim- few farmers to adopt the plow A During the seven years that als. Apparently the second com- were that their land was too I At L00feet altitude.yet only 7mnules : the first company at St. Michel pany, which operated the tobac- rocky or that plows were diffi- e from the heart oF PORT-AU-PRINCE : was operating its cotton planta: co plantation at St. Michel bet-I cult to obtain. tion, it employed and trained ween 1926 and 1930, helpèd to The most exquisite Views,oVerlooking local to with stimulate the Planting heclye several men plow spread of plowing practices have actu= the . X none it been little mountaine the locmules. Although of by employing in the .cultiva- ally changed by the bay, the plains, the al farmers attempted to plow on tion of tobacco, a new cash plow, which serves only to break A their own farms during this pe- crop. which often brought high up the ground. Beans, com, and Delieious dontinental Cuisine and superb riod, the practice had by now prices. Furthermore, this com: sorghum are still planted with Servide . attracted considerable attention pany's adoption of the new local a digging stick after plowing. and discussion. When the com-I limprovisation of plowing with Land is plowed in' March and d d April and planting begins after Personalized attention to every guest the first rains, which usually V come in May. Corn, beans and - Pool with Luncheon A n sorghum are planted together Swimming Lounge Modern haitian on the same land while tobacco and Bar o Panorama Terrace is planted apart. In August the Air.conditioned de-luxe rooms tobacco is harvested and the Paintings Jand replanted in sorghum without replowing. K3 GALERIE PINCHINAT At St. Raphael only about 25 WEEKLY ENTERTAINMENT PROGRAM On Show Now At farmers own their own plows :Informal and draft oxen. Informants es- TUESDAY Créole Bulfet, Danéing-from timated that some 50 more know 7:30 PM To midnig By MAX PINCHINAT how, to, plow but do not have Meringue a9:30 inslvuchion and Conlest theirown equipment. The numCosualdress.Noc odmissionfee 106, BOIS VERNA ber of individuals who neither) WEDNESPAU: Complimentary get-together Punchbowl own plowing equipment nor Parly from 7pm fo 8pm. just before you reach the -PONT MORIN" bridge know how. to plow would be dif A FRIDAY : Gala Dinner-Donce From 7sopmito shop, ex: ficult to estimate, but all of 3 1:30 a.m. Show af 10:30 * * This is an ART GALLERY, not a picture those who do own equipment do * odmision fee db most FRAMED Euntts hibiting over 100 of the attractive isome contract plowing for others ALL OTHER with PAINTINGS made both in Port au Prince and Paris by each year. Since plowing and Nidurs:Cocktail native hour from tobacco entered the a2to FAMOUS HAITIAN PAINTER MAX PINCHINAT St. Raphael at the same vicinity time, ot IOW in France. there is a much closer associaThe artist WHO HAS EXHIBITED BOTH HERE tion between the two then at St. AND ABROAD for the past 15 years, comes back to Michel where the first company Haiti every five years and for. 15 to 18 months renews plowed for cotton. With few. exthe contact with his people and his source of inspira- ceptions, tobacco those who plow also 4 2 - X plant and those who do tion. MAX PINCHINAT St. Raphael at the same vicinity time, ot IOW in France. there is a much closer associaThe artist WHO HAS EXHIBITED BOTH HERE tion between the two then at St. AND ABROAD for the past 15 years, comes back to Michel where the first company Haiti every five years and for. 15 to 18 months renews plowed for cotton. With few. exthe contact with his people and his source of inspira- ceptions, tobacco those who plow also 4 2 - X plant and those who do tion. not plant tobacco do not plow. - In the GALLERY PINCHINAT are grouped Furthermore, in contrast to St. Drambuie LIQUEUR some paintings of the 15 years of work by MAX PIN- Michel, many who plow for to- a ( CHINAT, from 1945 to 1960. Prices have not been ar- bacco do not plow for their own ( - INDISPENSABLE FOR < bitrarily based on beauty of the painting, but on its who crops. The original two farmers @ size, just like Paris Fashion for MAX PINCHINAT ael after began Foster plowing left, at did St. so Raph- only ( THE ENJOYABLE PARTY and OTHER WELL KNOWN ARTISTS. Visitors can for tobacco. As these two men ( consult the paintings price list if they wish to. explained it, after plowing for a AND All the taxi drivers know GALLERY PINCHINAT tobacco began to spread among G AGENTES AND don't let anybody tell you that the GALLERY is the farmers at St. Raiphael it ( FESTIVITIES was soon discovered that the ( UNICOS closed. It is not. "sandy" soils of the region ( The only sweet LIQUEUR made in Scotland on The GALLERY PINCHINAT sole represen- would yield tobacco crops with- Sthebasis OI the finest pure old SCOTOH WHISKY. tative and sales agent of PINOHINAT'S paintings, has out plowing, while in the "black" OIndispensable for festivities and for every occa ( exhibited a few samples only at "Foyer des Arts Plas- soils plowing was not only ne- Osion. tiques", "Galerie Brochette" and Galerie Suisse". ed cessary for tobacco but produc: @ EXOLUSIVE AGENTS: V Open from 10 AM to 5 PM, and on appointment in and greater sorghum. vields Some of of corn, the beans reas- SL. PREETZMAN-AGGERHOLM & CO.S the evening. ADMISSION FREE. ons given by farmers at St. Ra G6eseee66e0e 6066s6 --- Page 14 --- SUNDAY MAY 21ST, 1961 "HAITI SUN" PAGE 15 seen to the north it was a high-lhave preferred to work for pay] but intensified a tendency that Agricultural ly advatageous practice: They even more than previously. Fur was already present. Changes.. complained, however, that none ther, they claim that more local In reviewing this brief case did contract plowing so far men have become "wealthy" study, we find it illustrates many (Continued from page 14) preferred to valley oxen because south and that the price was since plowing and tobaeco were of the points made in connec- $10: to $20 profit may now belit is said that they are not al- more than they could afford introduced, and that these men tion with the general survey, found at both locales. One young lowed to range as freely, but anyway. Beyond this tobacco prefer to hire and supervise Plowing and tobacco cropping man at St. Raphael has recent must be kept near the house margin, farmers expressed their labor rather than use CO- were adopted on a very empirly broken away from the sugar- and their fodder carried to greater indifference. Some said operative labor, al condition ical basis. The farmers had mill system of training on the them. They are therefore better their ground was too rocky, which they feel has also tended ample opportunity, to observe grounds that oxen so trained fed and stronger, which in many cases may have to work against the combite sys- the benefits of both,, yet their always want to plow in circles. St. Raphael has recent must be kept near the house margin, farmers expressed their labor rather than use CO- were adopted on a very empirly broken away from the sugar- and their fodder carried to greater indifference. Some said operative labor, al condition ical basis. The farmers had mill system of training on the them. They are therefore better their ground was too rocky, which they feel has also tended ample opportunity, to observe grounds that oxen so trained fed and stronger, which in many cases may have to work against the combite sys- the benefits of both,, yet their always want to plow in circles. been true. Others claimed that tem. In short, informants felt introduction was not marked by He now breaks a new animal to Contract plowing has become they were primarily interested that plowing did not cause the any general rush to adopt them. the plow by yoking it to an ex something of a specialization in in planting sugar cane, and since decline of the combite or the At both St. Raphael and St. Miperienced animal and working the area. A few men at St. Ra- they had no interebt in planting greater pressure to obtain land, (Continued on page 16) very slowly at first, always. with phael, for example, who are con- tobacco there was no point in a boy Or man walking ahead sidered to be superior or plow- plowing. tolead the two animals. How- ers, are regularly contracted by ever, none of the farmers has others to plow their land at The general effects of plowing yet learned to plow without al planting time. Plowing costs and tobacco planting on the area guide to walk ahead of the oxen. $12 to $20 a carreau (3,33 acres), were much more difficult to apIn fact, boys are trained to plow the lower figure being the price praise in the short time availby first teaching them to lead for loose, and the higher for able. At St. Raphael, the two the oxen and later to guide the harder soil. The daily rental local farmers who were the first plow. The, guiding methods pe: price of a team of two oxen with to copy Foster are now the richculiar to plowing with oxen prac plow has also become standard- est men of the village and have lookprie ticed in Spanish America, such lized at a figure of approximate- bought up large quantities of as calling to the animals orlly $1. land. Although both were comMO them with a BLUE striking long when, ANGIEL & pole, paratively poor Foster ar220R AnIcAle STAUR were not learned at St. Raphael Farmers both at St. Raphael rived, they were speculators on the label and St. Michel, since the farm- and St. Michel claimed that to- and even then purchased crops ers had only seen plowing done bacco planting and plowing had, when the market price was low with mules. in general, diffused throughout and sold when it was high, It ithe area together. There was was tobacco planting that actuWith the spread of plowing, not sufficient time available to ally made them wealthy, for thel new attention is being given to reconnoiter the frontiers of the price of tobacco fluctuates greatthe care'of draft oxen. All plow- diffusion area, but during the ly. Land values have increased, men area are careful to see that drive southward to Gonaives in- and at both St. Michel and St. their: oxen are well fed during quires: were made among farm- Raphael farmers claim it has plowing season and the cost of ers living on the southern bord- become much more difficult to fodder (usually sugar-cane) is er. Here the planting of tobacco purchase land and in recent figured into the price for con had spread a very short distance years, since more people are tract plowing. Trainers have further than the practice of interested in buying. This, howeven developed a few criteria plowing, but not more than a ever, is a general complaint in for selecting suitable oxen at the half a mile. These farmers were Haiti and is not peculiar to this markets. For example, oxent interested in plowing and stat- particular plow region. It does from the mountain regions arel ed that from what they had seem true, nevertheless, that many farmers who are now plowing set a much higher estimate on the quantity of land they feel capable of tilling as CONSULT, compared to farmers in other PA areas. This, howeven developed a few criteria plowing, but not more than a ever, is a general complaint in for selecting suitable oxen at the half a mile. These farmers were Haiti and is not peculiar to this markets. For example, oxent interested in plowing and stat- particular plow region. It does from the mountain regions arel ed that from what they had seem true, nevertheless, that many farmers who are now plowing set a much higher estimate on the quantity of land they feel capable of tilling as CONSULT, compared to farmers in other PA areas. This in itself may be increasing the pressure to buy, as ume / sacha thebaud well as the feeling of scarcity. Jbakanceu Dlatitit misen suteille Farmers at St. Michel also * Suers. de) paul TCRIE architect U. of M. claimed that the popularity of Porbraesp princeolen) the reciprocal work group known as the combite had waned con- + for siderably since the introduction of the plow. As farmers in many decoration parts of Haiti make a similar claim concerning the diminishing popularity of the combite construction Mamtinlannnt during recent years, this cannot be attributed directly to plowing. Haiti's The farmers themselves say that Served EXCLUSIVELY af Leading at castelhaiti the combite was already losing HOTELS RESTAURANTS & BY CONNOISSEURS ground when the companies first 4 THROUGHOUT THE WORLD 11 p.m. 3 p.m. came to St. Michel; they soon began to hire many local people, and ever since then laborers WASHT IT! SCRUB ITI You cant mar its Matchless Beauty! A tts GUARANTEED washable! SHERWIN WILLIAN Kem K S Suporh SUPER PORT-AU-PRINCE HAITIW.I Peaa Sorta PANTAL MAHOGANT OGA RUGS Kestonanes MED OF EXQUISITE OF SELECTED K Designs TEEL Rush AND SUPERB AND FAMOUS $ Quality. these same Soods ane sold. Sisal. GRAND RUE in. the bost sxolusive Stores sin the .S. PHONE : 26840 FINEST FINISH FOR WALLS AND NG T f JOSEPH NADAL, AGENTS --- Page 15 --- HAITISUN SUNDAY MAY 21ST, 1961 country where they are so littlel Apparently the introduction Of plowing to other crops as Agricultural Changes... used. a cash-crop (tobacco). has tend- as tobacco, and breaking 0 ed to increase the commercial to the plow without employ The complexity of the new ization of agriculture and thus them first. on sugar mills. M plowing technique was also re- aided the further desintegration and grea from intensive cultivation (Continued page 15) plus' plow by eliminating the duced through the process ofot reciprocal labor in favor of interest in agriculture haven chel the great majority of the complete novelty of one: of the borrowing. Not only is this hired labor. Plowing has also ed to intensify the pressure farmers were content to wait two major elements. In contrast, shown in the crude method of Hed to new part-time the land, since of specializ plowing a few their numbers has while the difficulty' of obtaining plows guiding plow oxen, but in the ations such as contract plowing creased the amount of land successfully experimented with has probably. been one of the fact that plowing serves only and training of plow. oxen. Vir: average individual can cultiva the new traits and proved their strongest deterrents against its to break up: the ground, after tuosity has resulted in such reapparently, as his est immediate utility. Those aspects further spread. In Spanish: Ame- which planting takes place in finements as the extension of as mate well, of his own capabilities. of plowing and" tobacco croppingrica, the phenomenal diffusion the same hoe-and-dibble fashion most widely adopted were those of plowing into many backward as before. one of the fact that plowing serves only and training of plow. oxen. Vir: average individual can cultiva the new traits and proved their strongest deterrents against its to break up: the ground, after tuosity has resulted in such reapparently, as his est immediate utility. Those aspects further spread. In Spanish: Ame- which planting takes place in finements as the extension of as mate well, of his own capabilities. of plowing and" tobacco croppingrica, the phenomenal diffusion the same hoe-and-dibble fashion most widely adopted were those of plowing into many backward as before. which offered short-term bene- areas is unquestionably linked fits that were readily demons- with the fact that the Spanish INSURE WITH SURE INSURANOE trable on the basis of casual plow. was wooden and that the Association of elements alsol INSURANOE COMPANY empiricism. knowledge of its construction played an important role in the CALEDONIAN Ispread with it. For the farmers diffusion of plowing, especially The complexity of the new at St. Raphael and St. Michel, jat St. Raphael, The desirability technique of plowing was reduc- however, the plow is a manu- of. tobacco as a cash crop enFounded In 1805 ed in part by the environment factured implement which must hanced the value of plowing, and in part by the way it wasbe purchased: and its diffusion with which it became associated INCORPORATED BY SPECIAL ACT OF adopted. The existence of draft is dependent upon the rate of in this area. But the facts seem oxen in the area, as well as the its numerical ingress into. the to indicate that while the assoTHE BRITISH PARLIAMENT past knowledge and experience area. For these people. the price ciation of two or more elements involved in the practice of train: is high enough. to be an inhibit in a "complex" may help to ing and using them for power ing factor, to say nothing of the . introduce one of them, as tobacRONY SONS ing sugar mills, simplified the sheer mechanical difficulty of co cropping helped to introduce AGENTS CHENET & introduction" of draft animalslobtaining such implements in a plowing, it may also act as FOR HAITI retarding factor in its further Address Rue des Miracles Opposite National Bank spread. At St. Raphael where the association is stronger, plow: 99 dulls hair- ing has not enjoyed the same -Soaping popular acclatm and acceptance asat St. Michel, where the assoHalo glorifies it! ciation. of plowing with irrigation also apparently reduced its acceptability to some. At this You know point, however, the importance of the time factor must also bel k'sa really fine considered. Contact between the Sootch when it's farmers and the foreign companies at St. Michel extended over JOHNNIE ai period of some 11 years, as compared to a period of approxWALKER imately four years at St. Ra phael, which allowed more time for local farmers at St Michèl to learn plowing techniques as employees of the companies: JOHNNIE WALKER Furthermore, the farmers at St. Michel began plowing around Bora 1810- ail golng strong 1926, while those at St. Raphael did noti begin until nearly 30 years later. DISTRISUTOR PREETZMAN-AGGERHOLM A A JA a SAA Hotel Sans Souci EVERY TUESDAY NIGHT VERY INFORMAL "COOKED TO ORDER" BARBECUE DINNER 7:00 to 9:00 PM Not a soap, not a Gives fragrant cream- Halo cannot "sofcwater lather WITH THE SANS SOUCI COMBO leave dulling, catching dirt- soap Alml needs no spectalr rinse! DINNER $2.50 Per Person Remores embarrassing Halo leaves hair soft, EVERY FRIDAY NIGHT 8:00PM To Midnight dandruff from both hair manageable-s shining sith PUNCH BOWL, DINNER DANCE, and scalp! colorful natural highlights! FLOOR SHOW AND PRIZES Yes, "soaping" your hair with even finest liquid or oily. cream WITH THE SANS SOUCI ORCHESTRA AND shampoos leaverd dulling, The THE FAMOUS HAITIAN ARTIST dirt-catching film. DINNER $2.50 Per Person Remores embarrassing Halo leaves hair soft, EVERY FRIDAY NIGHT 8:00PM To Midnight dandruff from both hair manageable-s shining sith PUNCH BOWL, DINNER DANCE, and scalp! colorful natural highlights! FLOOR SHOW AND PRIZES Yes, "soaping" your hair with even finest liquid or oily. cream WITH THE SANS SOUCI ORCHESTRA AND shampoos leaverd dulling, The THE FAMOUS HAITIAN ARTIST dirt-catching film. Halo, made largest with a new ingredient, contains FROM PARIS no sticky. oils. selling Thus HTAE EPIE yourl hair shampoo the time you usei it. TOTO HaloBISSAINTHE X E America's in favorites shampoo-today. Americn Halo IN HER UNIQUE INTERPRETATION OF FRENCH, MARTINIQUE AND Halo reveals the hidden beauty of the hairls HAITIAN SONGS. FLGL-I-EL V uo 4 A --- Page 16 --- SUNDAY MAY 21ST, 1961 "HAIII SUN' PAGE 17 Lady With Wanderlust Chases ryland, a suburb of Washington, the Telediol D.C, But that where Off Haitian Birds is not the lady's interests end. She's an ATASTROPHY IN THE MAKING: That goony accident at Sand (Continued from page 1) New Mexico, where she will ard ardent and gardener, frogs, runs is studying two homes, lizCay last Sunday when the motorboat loaded with water skiers, was listed as an inn with the summer at the home of her poet- and at present is worrying about awking at tourists in bikinis, climbed onto the cockpit ofa sail- Jamaica tourist people. The ca- ess friend, Peggy Pond Church, her last income tax payment loat: sending its occupants flying into the deep. It skittered off ble wasn't delivered until next whose Familiar Journey ranks which was delayed due to the day, after Mrs Burkhart had her among the best of modern ithout doing much damage; but the time is coming when some made a fruitless trip to Kens- poets. Post Office in workers' strike reegulations will be necessary toavoid sudden death in the bay.- coff only to find that the Chate- Mrs Burkhart has resigned her ning cently a return Jamaica. visit She to Haiti, is plan- at HE CHAUFFEUR-GUIDES ASSOCIATION had better investi- let is now a private home. Back teaching job to catch up on two which time she expects to make ate-one-of their members who gave a white-haired woman guest she came down town and check- years of back work at her real field trips to study Haiti's birdCastelhaiti a bad. time last weekend. His name is Lelio and ed into the Castelhaiti. Her love bird banding. She is a life, etc., etc. There just isn't chauffeur then pressed a nite- licensed bird bander, of which is isn't his first offense. He's a self-styled Don Juan, but he club tour on her, followed by there are about 700 in North any end to her studies, and resistiblet-WHAT WAS that four letter word (so easy to re- an incident when she insisted America. Their purpose is to that's what keeps her young and nember) that John Sheldon was Morse-coding to the Coast Guard upon returning to the hotel add to the knowledge of bird interesting, a visit to Mrs the Cardozo Burkhart flower paid f Grand Goave a couple of Sundays 480-VOLDROGUE is the where she dismissed him. She migrations, their longevity, dis- gardens and was sorry to have ewest addition to the bar-restaurant openings. Owner is P. Thi- brushed that one off too and set eases, and variations in plum- missed meeting and talking with ault, better known around town as TI BO, the little waiter. nember) that John Sheldon was Morse-coding to the Coast Guard upon returning to the hotel add to the knowledge of bird interesting, a visit to Mrs the Cardozo Burkhart flower paid f Grand Goave a couple of Sundays 480-VOLDROGUE is the where she dismissed him. She migrations, their longevity, dis- gardens and was sorry to have ewest addition to the bar-restaurant openings. Owner is P. Thi- brushed that one off too and set eases, and variations in plum- missed meeting and talking with ault, better known around town as TI BO, the little waiter. His about next day to follow her age. Mrs Burkhart visited the Mrs Cardozo who is now in New pursuits and hobbies. Agricultural College at Damien ew spot is on the Martissant Road next door to Casa Mary, and Mrs Burkhart is a writer of where Dr Leonce Bonnefil show- York. Nadine Cardozo showed as thei makings of a 'pop' joint. He opened Saturday a week ago, nature stories, which she illust- ed her his collection of indigen- her in flower around and and plant they batted Latespite the rain.-ANDRE LETELLIER and Miss Darby of the trates herself with her own pho- ous birds of Haiti, and it seems and forth.like names balls. back Taitian & Co-Arts Association of New York were back in town tographs, and is known as a con- likely that Dr. Bonnefil will beping-pong Ast week with a load of medicines, etc., to distribute-VICTOI tributor to nature magazines, come one of the more than 300 Natural History and the Phila- correspondents Harriet Burkhart EVERS CONSTANT'S line of lights near the wharf on the bou- delphia Academy of Science pu has in various countries around Completely furnished House Evard look like a small ship, all lit up for a celebration, from blications. She was on her way the world. for Rent located at DESPREZ: cross the Bay.-ROGER COSTER was heard to comment that home from South America via The bird cage at Castelhaiti Four (4) bedrooms L Thomas is full of tourists shops and homos.BY THE WAY, Panama two years ago, when was a favorite haunt, where she be's another who: likes to pour rum over ice cream. MacMacNeal she decided to visit a cousin liv enjoyed watching the Weaver Two (2) bathrooms Roes it all the time.-LATEST name for shutter-bugs ing in Jamaica. There she met Birds build their ingenious nests. Two kitchens hocus- her cousin' 's best friend, Dr Hen: She is interested in learning it (2) ocus boys (or girls).-MAJ. REDALEN's helicopter 1s the best ry Fowler, the Head Master of there is a bird- bander in Haiti Bar Office larm clock in Haiti-TRAFFIC TO MIRAGOANE is in difficulty Priory School. He talked her and would like to make it known sgain. Heavy rains have SO deeply gullied the roadbed in the into taking over his classes that if anyone in Haiti ever Diningroom Living room ils between Petit and Grand Goave that small cars skid onto while he was on leave, Shel finds a bird, dead or alive, with Veranda Swimming pool heir axles, immobilized until human hands made a quick trip home to Unionla numbered metal tag on its leg, get them in traction City, Penna., near Lake Erie,a report of number, where Acain.THI BOY crabbers off the Fish Market in Martissant returned to Jamaica with 100 and in what condition the_ found, etc. Garage. B to work in their birthday suits.. Aren't they afraid the crabs pounds of books and little else, (or just the flattened band itself Formerly residences of PeruFu grab the wrong bait2-THE COAST GUARD STATION was and has been teaching 35 class- from a dead bird), should be vian Ambassador and Canadian decked out in red and blue lights for Flag Day, and a esa week ever since. She visited sent to the organization known irl was all dressed up for it, BUT her dress littieHalt on her way to Santa Fe,as Bird Banding, Patuxent, Ma- Charge d'Affaires. they afraid the crabs pounds of books and little else, (or just the flattened band itself Formerly residences of PeruFu grab the wrong bait2-THE COAST GUARD STATION was and has been teaching 35 class- from a dead bird), should be vian Ambassador and Canadian decked out in red and blue lights for Flag Day, and a esa week ever since. She visited sent to the organization known irl was all dressed up for it, BUT her dress littieHalt on her way to Santa Fe,as Bird Banding, Patuxent, Ma- Charge d'Affaires. American Flag material.-WHY, oh was made of thej why, doesn't Tropigas put auges on their gas tanks, sO you can tell when you're running BUILDING MATERIAL, PAINTS, HARD WARE, ow? THAT's it for now LE too many holidays this week. HOME DECORATING, ETC. CALL FIRST AT HAITIS MOST By Kay Minor. MODERN STORE, M & S RUE AMERICAINE Caribbean Construction Co. SA. W Builders Of The Military City Gen. Manager: Gerard THEARD Phone: 3955. P. O. BO.. 284 H * 2 -X SAVE UP TO 70 per cent ON Duty Free Liquor VISITORS TAKE ADVANTAGE OF Paquin s FAST DELIVERY TO 16 STATES PORT AU PRINCE'S OLDEST GIFT SHOP V ge V - OFFERS 60 V BRANDS TO V It is a requisite for a house owner or anyone living in a house to visit M & S CHOOSE FROM on Rue Americaine and see what improvement you can make to your home. The most revolutionary store of its kind in the Caribbean, M & S has convenient spe51 Rue du Quai cial parking and a beautiful displayroom with all items clearly price tagged. Beside the finest assortment of building materials, paints, hardware and household - accessories M & S has the tools require d by any Do-it-yourself hobbiest. --- Page 17 --- PAGE 18 41 T S U N SUNDAY MAY 21ST, 1961 PRESIDENT Staff of Haitian Armed Forces, flowers before the statue of the ti. Joseph tho Commandant of Officers of Empereur. report TAKES OATH FOR Presidential Guard, will go to Military honours, a630 the Square of Heroes of the Inde- Dress: White pendence and lay a wreath ofl Direction of Protocole. NEW TERM MONDAY (Continued from page 1) Gladys Steins One for the record. The electric company announced in the Ceremony of the oath of Of dailies this week that owing to the delay in the arrival of spare fice. Scores Here parts the rationing electricity will not this week and Speech of the Chairman of the As of hegin will begin at a later date.. 4I am called not N. V. Constant but National Assembly Victor Nevers Constant", the first deputy of the: Capital said President Speech of of His the Excellency Republic the Great Artist tartly this past week at the swearing in ceremony at the Legis- On his departure, the Chief lative Palace. "So there will be no confusion about my person- of the State will be accompanTo Give Public Recital Tuesday Next ality", the omission has been correctly rectified by the commis- ied to his car by the Chairman By JAN SWEELINCK Author-Composer sion stated Le Matin... Pierre and Genia Calman-Levy flew off of National Assembly. Tuesday for a two month visit to Miami, New York and their Military salute will be given. 21 cannon-s -shots. native Paris... Lovely Gloria Noustas Baboun and her two child- 9:45.Te Deum at Basilique Ien returned to Mexico City Tuesday ending a month vacation Notre Dame. Give Public Recital Tuesday Next ality", the omission has been correctly rectified by the commis- ied to his car by the Chairman By JAN SWEELINCK Author-Composer sion stated Le Matin... Pierre and Genia Calman-Levy flew off of National Assembly. Tuesday for a two month visit to Miami, New York and their Military salute will be given. 21 cannon-s -shots. native Paris... Lovely Gloria Noustas Baboun and her two child- 9:45.Te Deum at Basilique Ien returned to Mexico City Tuesday ending a month vacation Notre Dame. On his arrival His with the family here. Grandpa Al Noustas began the first leg, Excellency the President of the of his business trip nursing grandchildren Tonio and Elizabeth... Republic will receive military doseph A. Sarkis consul general of Haiti in Lebanon arrived honors. He is welcomed by the Parish Friday from Beruit to attend the May 22 cath taking of Preside Priest of the Cathedral. ent Duvalier... American Industrialist Ambroise J. Harpnett ar PROGRAM rived here this week with a grot of technicians. Mr Harpnett Seats are reserved in the is interesting in building a sugar mill in the "riche et verdoy- Choir for Diplomatie Corps highante" Torbeck plain along with a wharf accordingt to Le Jour... ranked officials, Members of Air Haiti International which recently leased office space 03 the Cabinet, the Staff of Haitian Armed Forces. The family of the Rue Pavee has cancelled the lease... Buteau's Rond Point the President, high Employces Kestaurant is opening "bientot" after being completely renovated of the Government, Press and and sairconditoned.. Consul General in Nev York Andre Elie official guests have their seats arrived in town this week and Rudy Baboun consul general in in the nave as well as. members Miami returned to his post... Le Perchoir advised this weck that of Consular Corps. the delux restaurant has closed down temporarily as its direct-l After Te Detim, the Chief of State receives once more miliOrS Mr and Mrs Albert Barcillon are going to Boston. The tary honors and goes to National bar and terrace and shop will continue to function... Billy Steed Palace. of the Slaughterhouse (Hampco) returned to town after a visit Dress: Tails. san home to Texas with his wife Michelle and son Marc.. The Maurice Telemaques expect to spend several years in Europe.. Lieu: TUESDAY 9:00.-His MAY. Excellency 23rd the Pre- It is exciting to be in the pre-] a warm tenant Robert and Plummer brings and wile Florence welcomed their first sident of the Republic accom- sence of a great artist who, hav- personality. Her love of engaging musie addition Tuesday 9th of May, Their baby girl is to be baptised panied by the President of Su- ing spent decades of intamacy and of life are catching and "Regine".. Paul Faroul and Miss Abilia Garib were married preme Court, the Chairman of with music, sometimes agoniz- ignite any. environment. In this at the Sacre-Coeur last Saturday... Newsman Alan White is visit Legislative Chamber, the mem- ing, sometimes joyful, has rea- respect, the State Department ing Haiti... Evelyn is the name of the newest beauty salon in! bers of his Cabinet, the Chief of ched that assuredness that com- should be complimented for sentown. Located in Bois Verna next to Pharmacy Bois Verna.. Protocole, the Chief of General es from work, suffering, and ding such a qualified cultural Staff and members of High transcending much of life to be presentation to the Caribbean. A yn naamns one with his art. This exuberance and fullness of live permeated her music, Do You Want The Best In Nutrition For Your Baby 2 It is exeiting, but in a differ- and 1s especially clear in' her > ent, way, to talk with a young rendering of Schubert and ScarAnd The artist with a solid measure of latti. Some New York reviewers Family? > achievement behind her and a would make Miss Steins a YOUR BEST BETI IS: > bright future ahead. "Schubért specialist" since her m5 MOLINOS" Such an artist is Gladys Steins, imposing Carnegie Hall debut of who will play a public recital three difficult Schubert works DUTCH POWDERED WHOLE MILK, Tuesday, May 24, at 5:30 pm. ent, way, to talk with a young rendering of Schubert and ScarAnd The artist with a solid measure of latti. Some New York reviewers Family? > achievement behind her and a would make Miss Steins a YOUR BEST BETI IS: > bright future ahead. "Schubért specialist" since her m5 MOLINOS" Such an artist is Gladys Steins, imposing Carnegie Hall debut of who will play a public recital three difficult Schubert works DUTCH POWDERED WHOLE MILK, Tuesday, May 24, at 5:30 pm. last year. Yet, this is an injusWITH ADDED at the Haitian-American Instit- tice. A person, who D3 loves music COCTIETENTAEE ute. Dr. John P. Wonder, direct- as much as Miss Steins does VITAMIN D3 or, has noted that the concert could not rest simply with one is free and open to the public, composer. The worlds of Bach, Haitians and Americans a > all who Mozart and Beethoven call, and MARCA You Can Beat It!! - Smolunct love music. each can quickly disarni a 'speNOW ON SALE AT: > Mrs Jules Blanchet, one ot cialist' 'in anything else. BOULANGERIE DE LA POSTE, Hait's staunchest patrons of the BIOHARA LMERY, arts, presented a musical even Her command of Scarlatti is MARCOS TALAMAS ing with Miss Steins Thursday. striking. This pre-Baroque figD & CO., Many of Miss Blanchet's who a BOULANGERIE > pupils ure, spent great deal of ST. MARO, were on hand, and several took! time in Naples and Spain, is 0 ALPHONSE MAREA, turns at the piano with Miss full of difficult trills and skfps. Boulevard Jean-Jaeques Dessalines Steins. On Friday, morning an In her, interpretation of his C KEVITER POIVO EPIOERIE REX, Lalue impromptu concert was arrang- Minor Sonata Miss Steins showns ed for 300 students of the Coll- herselt not only adroit at techBREDA HOLUANDS GEOEGES COLES, Lalue ege St. Pierre and Nouveau Col- nically mastering this subtle HENRI RIGAUD, Petionville. lege Bird. Miss Steins also pre- style, but brings to the music sented a concert over Tele-Haiti a freshness and the now and AGENTS AND DISTRIBUTORS: Saturday night. then haunting joy of a Spanish The pianist boasts an impos- guitar chord. This richness and Hispano-America Trading Co. Of Haiti ing repertoire. Few artists so fuliness was powerfully expresS.A young have such an extensive sed by Miss Steins, and appro69, RUE DU QUAI stockpile ôf Scarlatti, Mozart. ved by. 300 school children, many Beethoven, Schubert, Copland, of whom heard their first conand - Gershwin - cert, N V V Hydan. and gave her a standing V To her music Miss Steisn ovation. --- Page 18 --- SUNDAY MAY 21ST, 1961 "HAITI SUN" PAGE 18 Episcopal Church ginally a choral greeting to the day., The group plans to present lettered on a handsome scroll. Emporer in Byzantine times, is the President with a/ French From the work begun. in 1861 derived from a voodoo melody translation of William Words- by: a U.S. Negro priest and 110 (Continued from. page 1) the Rev. Fr. Henry N. Burrows, greeting the Loa, Or God. The worth's poem on Toussaint Lou- immigrants with him, the EpisThe 15 bell carillon which an accomplished organist and Gloria is based on a popular verture. The poem_has been (Continued on chimes. at noon and for most harpsichordist, will sing Fr. lullaby and other songs, includpage 20) services at the downtown cathe- Spitz "Haitian Folk Mass". The ing the combite work melodies, dralis not the only nen addi- mass gives a liturgical setting find their place woven into tre tionito the Church's music pro- to Haitian Foik Melodies. , the EpisThe 15 bell carillon which an accomplished organist and Gloria is based on a popular verture. The poem_has been (Continued on chimes. at noon and for most harpsichordist, will sing Fr. lullaby and other songs, includpage 20) services at the downtown cathe- Spitz "Haitian Folk Mass". The ing the combite work melodies, dralis not the only nen addi- mass gives a liturgical setting find their place woven into tre tionito the Church's music pro- to Haitian Foik Melodies. Fo: sacred service. The mass grom. The Tenoir, directed bylexampte. the boA e Eleison, ori scOT ed for drums, trunvets, aud iule in audition to coir o.gu. Coumentng 0 te use oi erums în the Cathedral, Fr. Spitz observedi "tle drum says more to a Haitian than any otner misic al instrument It it has a rical place at work, in the voodoo mp.e, and in the, totai life -of the peasant, has it not also place in worship? Weluse- bells, iguns, and siained glass, symbols iroal Our caitural heriage. If the Church is to traly speak to "all sorts. and conditions of men" it must purposefully LL corporate what is most meaningful ini a culture with its own inessage. Drring the week participants in the anniversary program will visit missions at Mirebalais and Leogane, attend a sports program at the College St. Pierre n Episcopal seco. dary scasol ard see: a Haitian folklore show C the Theatre de Verdure. On Thursday, May 24 Solem Evensong will be chanted in the presence of the Presiding Bi siop. The canticles are in a set ting by Gelineau. These settings considered among the most beautiful examples of recent Mgr Spence Burton, S.S.J.E. Lord, B.shop of Nassau and Suffrareligious music, are from the gan Bishop of Haiti from 1939-42, who is attending Bible of Jerusalem, a translation of the Bible into vernacultoday's ceremonies. ar French. The program also includes selections by Purcell, Handel, Palestrina, Sweelinck, T and Ralph Vaughan Williams. PAS The Presiding Bishop and Bi The Late Mgr Harry Robert Carson DD who was. Bishop shop Voegeli will call on His Excellency Dr. Francois Duvalier, Voegeli's prodecessor (1923-1943) President of Haiti, the following TROPIGAS 2 - AMAZING TROPICAL GAS COMPANY, INC. Makes USE a Use NEW everyday "Holiday" in your kitchen... the "Gold Star Award" winner, the TROPIGAS range. No finer range anywhere today. EFFLEX TOP BURNER A single flame with - countless accurate stages of adjustment for every. cookV ing need = from fast boiling or frying down to gentle boiling. $ FESTIVAL EQUAFLO OVEN BURNER Makes possible new V perfection. Heat is sprehd in a rectangular pattern, the shape of the oven and broiler. No hot center, no cold corners. PIN POINT PILOTS Cool, economatic Pin Point Flour Pilots are only one third the size of ordinary pilots V a flame So tiny it keeps range cool in any weather, and FOR X saves you money, too. HUGE OVEN with visualite window. V LIFT TOP BURNER and PULL-OUT BROILER for BETTER CAKES WITH easier, more thorough cleaning. Makes possible new V perfection. Heat is sprehd in a rectangular pattern, the shape of the oven and broiler. No hot center, no cold corners. PIN POINT PILOTS Cool, economatic Pin Point Flour Pilots are only one third the size of ordinary pilots V a flame So tiny it keeps range cool in any weather, and FOR X saves you money, too. HUGE OVEN with visualite window. V LIFT TOP BURNER and PULL-OUT BROILER for BETTER CAKES WITH easier, more thorough cleaning. V ECONOTROL BUENER makes every ustensils automatic. BETTER TASTE Lifetime guarantee of all burners. Too many features to list here. You must see it to appreciate it. Easy terms too. BETTER TEXTURE TROPICAL GAS COMPANY, INC. keLekkeseeeE eeee Ccceeeee < - A RUE PAVEE --- Page 19 --- ) HAITI SUN SUNDAY MAY 21ST, 1961 Episcopal Church.. (Continued from page 9) become citizens of Haiti and to work, and helping. with religious copal Church in Haiti has grown organize Holy Trinity parish in education. to a vital program involving 23 May 1863. By 1874 there were Holy Trinity Cathedral was priests, 136 lay readers, 34,000 10 clergy working in 18 mis- Built in 1925, with its famous members, 76 missions, 94 Mis- sions and stations, and Mr Holly murals by Haitian artists comsion stations, 64 elementary was consecrated in New York missioned in 1949. The theoloschools, a theological seminary, City as bishop the first Ne- gical seminary, reopened in the College St. Pierre, Vincent's gro bishop in the American Suc- 1945, moved in 1950 to Mont School for the handicapped, and cession. and the second in the Rouis, where its facilities are three clinics. Anglican Communion, the first also used as a summer church How all this has evolved is a having been the Rt. Rev. Samuel camp. This place will now bepowerful story of dedication and Crowther, Bishop of the Niger, come an academy for lay readdetermination during an epoch consecrated in 1864. ers and rural mission teachers, of difficulties. Bishop Holly led the Haitian as its six students will transfer Cotton-growing, indirectlyl Church until his death in 1911, to the new theological Seminary brought the Episcopal Church tolharnssed by Haiti's own econo- of the Caribbean to be opened Haiti. Early in the U.S. War mic and social conditions, by in Puerto Rico next September. Between the States, British text- lack of monetary support from College St. Pierre was estaile mills sought new cotton-grow: outside, by the fact that Holy blished here in 1956, and new ing territory. Hoping to increase Trinity Church burned three buildings for the college and for Haitian Cotton crops, President times. The Church became a Holy Trinity School were erectGeffrard of Haiti invited U. s. Missionary District in 1913, with ed in 1958 with funds from the Negroes to immigrate. James the Rt. Rev. Harry Roberts 1957 Mite Box Offering of EpisTheodore Holly recruited 110. He Carson arriving in 1923 as its copal children. They were built was a young Negro Episcopal first bishop, to be succeeded in on land bought with grants from priest whom the Board of Mis- 1913 by Bishop Voegeli from New United Thank Offering and Nasions had already sent to Haiti Jersey, who had been for five tional Council funds. The college in 1855. to gather information on years Dean ol the Cathedral at has nearly 500 students: and a the country. Ancon, Canal Zone. faculty of 31,: and 16 other teaSettling on the President's est In 1927 the Sisters of St. Mar chers conduct classes for 500 ate, the immigrants used his garet arrived to begin work that pupils in the school. home for church services. When now included operating St. Vin- Ranging through the rural and malaria and typhoid killed 43 of cent's School for the Handicap- mountain regions, usually ridthem, some returned to the Uni- ped and Holy Trinity School for ing horses or mules, priests and ted States, but 20 stayed on tolGiris, looking after women's lay readers divide their efforts among many congregations and Mgr Arthur Carl Lichtenberger Presiding Bishop of the Protestant mission stations. Often a lay Episcopalian Church in the United States arrrived here Saturday reader serves as teacher- and morning for the Centennial celebrations and was not at the air first aid doctor, too, in remote, places. port by Bishop Alfred Voegeli and wenty Haitian priests. - dacques Theodore Holly, born in Washington D.C. was the founder The College Saint Pierre on the Champ de Mars is the largest Episcopal school erected in Haiti (1861) and first Bishop of the Episcopalian Church in Haiti (1874- to date. The Highschool has four hunderd studen ts from all parts of Haiti mostly from poor fam1911). ilies attending classes. FAMOUS SHOES OV E R The World Bartor FOR EVERY OCCASION call on His Excellency Dr. Francois Duvalier, Voegeli's prodecessor (1923-1943) President of Haiti, the following TROPIGAS 2 - AMAZING TROPICAL GAS COMPANY, INC. Makes USE a Use NEW everyday "Holiday" in your kitchen... the "Gold Star Award" winner, the TROPIGAS range. No finer range anywhere today. EFFLEX TOP BURNER A single flame with - countless accurate stages of adjustment for every. cookV ing need = from fast boiling or frying down to gentle boiling. FESTIVAL EQUAFLO OVEN BURNER Makes possible new V perfection. Heat is sprehd in a rectangular pattern, the shape of the oven and broiler. No hot center, no cold corners. PIN POINT PILOTS Cool, economatic Pin Point Flour Pilots are only one third the size of ordinary pilots V a flame So tiny it keeps range cool in any weather, and FOR X saves you money, too. HUGE OVEN with visualite window. V LIFT TOP BURNER and PULL-OUT BROILER for BETTER CAKES WITH easier, more thorough cleaning. V ECONOTROL BUENER makes every ustensils automatic. BETTER TASTE Lifetime guarantee of all burners. Too many features to list here. You must see it to appreciate it. Easy terms too. BETTER TEXTURE TROPICAL GAS COMPANY, INC. keLekkeseE e Ccce < - A RUE PAVEE FOR X saves you money, too. HUGE OVEN with visualite window. V LIFT TOP BURNER and PULL-OUT BROILER for BETTER CAKES WITH easier, more thorough cleaning. V ECONOTROL BUENER makes every ustensils automatic. BETTER TASTE Lifetime guarantee of all burners. Too many features to list here. You must see it to appreciate it. Easy terms too. BETTER TEXTURE TROPICAL GAS COMPANY, INC. keLekkeseE e Ccce < - A RUE PAVEE — Page 19 — HAITI SUN Episcopal Church.. (Continued from page 9) become citizens of Haiti and to work, and helping. with religious copal Church in Haiti has grown organize Holy Trinity parish in education. to a vital program involving 23 May 1863. By 1874 there were Holy Trinity Cathedral was priests, 136 lay readers, 34,0 10 clergy working in 18 mis- Built in 1925, with its famous members, 76 missions, 94 Mis- sions and stations, and Mr Holly murals by Haitian artists comsion stations, 64 elementary was consecrated in New York missioned in 1949. The theoloschools, a theological seminary, City as bishop the first Ne- gical seminary, reopened in the College St. Pierre, Vincent's gro bishop in the American Suc- 1945, moved in 1950 to Mont School for the handicapped, and cession. and the second in the Rouis, where its facilities are three clinics. Anglican Communion, the first also used as a summer church How all this has evolved is a having been the Rt. Rev. Samuel camp. This place will now bepowerful story of dedication and Crowther, Bishop of the Niger, come an academy for lay readdetermination during an epoch consecrated in 1864. ers and rural mission teachers, of difficulties. Bishop Holly led the Haitian as its six students will transfer Cotton-growing, indirectlyl Church until his death in 1911, to the new theological Seminary brought the Episcopal Church tolharnssed by Haiti's own econo- of the Caribbean to be opened Haiti. Early in the U.S. War mic and social conditions, by in Puerto Rico next September. Between the States, British text- lack of monetary support from College St. Pierre was estaile mills sought new cotton-grow: outside, by the fact that Holy blished here in 1956, and new ing territory. Hoping to increase Trinity Church burned three buildings for the college and for Haitian Cotton crops, President times. The Church became a Holy Trinity School were erectGeffrard of Haiti invited U. s. Missionary District in 1913, with ed in 1958 with funds from the Negroes to immigrate. James the Rt. Rev. Harry Roberts 1957 Mite Box Offering of EpisTheodore Holly recruited 110. He Carson arriving in 1923 as its copal children. They were built was a young Negro Episcopal first bishop, to be succeeded in on land bought with grants from priest whom the Board of Mis- 1913 by Bishop Voegeli from New United Thank Offering and Nasions had already sent to Haiti Jersey, who had been for five tional Council funds. The college in 1855. to gather information on years Dean ol the Cathedral at has nearly 500 students: and a the country. Ancon, Canal Zone. faculty of 31,: and 16 other teaSettling on the President's est In 1927 the Sisters of St. Mar chers conduct classes for 500 ate, the immigrants used his garet arrived to begin work that pupils in the school. home for church services. When now included operating St. Vin- Ranging through the rural and malaria and typhoid killed 43 of cent's School for the Handicap- mountain regions, usually ridthem, some returned to the Uni- ped and Holy Trinity School for ing horses or mules, priests and ted States, but 20 stayed on tolGiris, looking after women's lay readers divide their efforts among many congregations and Mgr Arthur Carl Lichtenberger Presiding Bishop of the Protestant mission stations. Often a lay Episcopalian Church in the United States arived here Saturday reader serves as teacher- and morning for the Centennial celebrations and was not at the air first aid doctor, too, in remote, places. port by Bishop Alfred Voegeli and wenty Haitian priests. em, some returned to the Uni- ped and Holy Trinity School for ing horses or mules, priests and ted States, but 20 stayed on tolGiris, looking after women's lay readers divide their efforts among many congregations and Mgr Arthur Carl Lichtenberger Presiding Bishop of the Protestant mission stations. Often a lay Episcopalian Church in the United States arived here Saturday reader serves as teacher- and morning for the Centennial celebrations and was not at the air first aid doctor, too, in remote, places. port by Bishop Alfred Voegeli and wenty Haitian priests. dacques Theodore Holly, born in Washington D.C. was the founder The College Saint Pierre on the Champ de Mars is the largest Episcopal school erected in Haiti (1861) and first Bishop of the Episcopalian Church in Haiti (1874- to date. The Highschool has four hunderd studen ts from all parts of Haiti mostly from poor fam1911). ilies attending classes. FAMOUS SHOES OV E R The World Bartor FOR EVERY OCCASION